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Objective: To investigate various factors affecting the clinical outcome of nonsurgical periodontal treatment and evaluate the treatment effects of adjunctive amoxicillin and metronidazole (AMX + MET) in patients with generalised aggressive periodontitis (GAgP)., Methods: Forty-two patients with GAgP were recruited and randomly assigned to three groups: scaling and root planing (SRP) only, AMX + MET after SRP, and AMX + MET during SRP. The patients were assessed every 2 months post-therapy. Periodontal clinical and subgingival microbiological parameters were analysed at baseline and 6 months post-therapy. The impacts of different covariates on pocket probing depth (PD) reduction were evaluated., Results: A multilevel analysis revealed that 58% of the variability in PD reduction was attributed to site-level parameters, 27.3% to patient-level parameters and 18.7% to tooth-level parameters. Greater PD reduction can be expected at initially deeper PD sites and sites with intrabony defects, and in patients with adjunctive use of AMX + MET. Persistent Tannerella forsythia infection and tooth mobility after treatment were negatively associated with PD reduction., Conclusion: The clinical outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal treatment were mainly influenced by site-level parameters, and adjunctive use of AMX + MET can lead to better clinical results in patients with GAgP in a short time.

Objective: To investigate the influence of CYP1A1 rs1048943 on short- and long-term outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) for generalised aggressive periodon- titis (GAgP). Methods: The CYP1A1 rs1048943 polymorphisms of 224 GAgP patients were genotyped by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 125 patients received NSPT and subsequent followup for 3 months. Of the 125 patients, 81 were followed for at least 3 years. Clinical periodontal parameters were collected at baseline and at the follow-up visits. Negative binomial regression was used to analyse the association between the number of teeth lost during the 3-year observation period and CYP1A1 rs1048943 genotypes. Results: The mean probing depth (PD) and percentage of sites with Bleeding Index (BI) ≥ 3 were all significantly greater in CYP1A1 rs1048943 G allele carriers than non-carriers at 3 months and 3 years after treatment (P < 0.05). In the PD ≥ 7 mm subgroup, the mean PD was significantly higher in G allele carriers than non-carriers at the 3-year follow-up (P < 0.05). The other clinical parameters did not show a similar trend (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the changes of percentage of sites with BI ≥ 3 were significantly smaller in G allele carriers than non-carriers at 3 months and 3 years after treatment (P < 0.05). GAgP patients with the GG genotype had lost more over the 3-year follow-up period compared with patients with the AA genotype (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These data indicated that the CYP1A1 rs1048943 AG/GG genotypes may influence the short- and long-term outcomes of NSPT in GAgP patients.

Objective: To explore associations between mean discrepancy values for the first and second molars (MDVFSs) and generalised aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) using hospital-based periodontal examination records from a large Chinese population., Methods: Data from consecutive patients diagnosed as having chronic periodontitis (CP, n = 51,849) and GAgP (n = 2,706) were included. Patient ages, gender, smoking status, mean full-mouth probing depth (PD), and mean full-mouth attachment loss (AL), as well as MDVFSs for PD and AL, were extracted. Multivariate linear regression was used to test associations between MDVFSs and GAgP., Results: After multivariate risk adjustment for potential confounding factors (age, smoking status, and mean PD and AL), the MDVFSs for PD (OR = 2.20, 95%CI: 2.04 to 2.38, P < 0.001) and AL (OR = 1.51, 95CI%: 1.44 to 1.59, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with GAgP. The probability of GAgP was associated with MDVFS for PD falling between 0 mm and 2.5 mm (OR = 4.55, 95%CI: 4.01 to 5.17) and MDVFS for AL falling between 0 mm and 3.5 mm (OR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.86 to 2.16, P < 0.001)., Conclusion: This study revealed associations between MDVFSs and GAgP, demonstrating that MDVFSs can serve as promising auxiliary references for the differential diagnosis between CP and GAgP.

Aggressive periodontitis comprises a group of rare, often severe, rapidly progressive forms of periodontitis mostly characterised by an early age of clinical manifestation and a distinctive tendency for cases to aggregate in families. This case report presents a 16-year-old female patient with clinical and radiographic evidence of severe attachment loss, whose mother was also a patient with severe periodontal destruction. The girl was diagnosed with generalised aggressive periodontitis and received full-mouth scaling and root planing, bone graft surgeries and guided tissue regeneration on intrabony defects mesial of the mandibular first molars. Microbiological and immunological tests were performed on five selected sites before and at 2 months after initial therapy. Clinical and radiographic findings reported up to 4 years postoperatively indicated good effects and stability of treatment outcome.

Cyclic neutropenia is a rare haematologic disorder. This case report presents a 6-year-old girl who was referred in order to treat gingival recession, and was finally diagnosed as having cyclic neutropenia based on an oral examination, complete blood counts and a sternal puncture bone marrow test. The patient received systematic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy, full-mouth scaling and root planing and was followed up for 4 years. Due to irregular periodontal maintenance and poor oral hygiene, severe gingival inflammation and deep pockets persisted in the permanent dentition of the patient.