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10 results on '"Kimeridze, G."'

1. Insights into the high-energy gamma-ray emission of markarian 501 from extensive multifrequency observations in the Fermi era

Author: Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Cannon, A., Caraveo, P. A., Carrigan, S., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Celik, O., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., Dermer, C. D., de Palma, F., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Fortin, P., Frailis, M., Fuhrmann, L., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., Kadler, M., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knodlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lee, S. H., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Max-Moerbeck, W., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Nishino, S., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pavlidou, V., Pearson, T. J., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Readhead, A., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Richards, J. L., Ripken, J., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Scargle, J. D., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stawarz, L., Stevenson, M., Strickman, M. S., Sokolovsky, K. V., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Wehrle, A. E., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., Ylinen, T., Zensus, J. A., Ziegler, M., Aleksic, J., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Backes, M., Barrio, J. A., Gonzalez, J. B., Bednarek, W., Berdyugin, A., Berger, K., Bernardini, E., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bock, R. K., Boller, A., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Tridon, D. B., Bosch-Ramon, V., Bose, D., Braun, I., Bretz, T., Camara, M., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Dazzi, F., de Angelis, A., del Pozo, E. D., De Lotto, B., De Maria, M., De Sabata, F., Mendez, C. D., Ortega, A. D., Doert, M., Dominguez, A., Prester, D. D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ferenc, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Lopen, R. J. G., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giavitto, G., Godinovi, N., Hadasch, D., Herrero, A., Hildebrand, D., Hohne-Monch, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Jogler, T., Klepser, S., Krahenbuhl, T., Kranich, D., Krause, J., La Barbera, A., Leonardo, E., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Lopez, M., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, E., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Meucci, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Miyamoto, H., Moldon, J., Moralejo, A., Nieto, D., Nilsson, K., Orito, R., Oya, I., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Partini, S., Pasanen, M., Pauss, F., Pegna, R. G., Perez-Torres, M. A., Persic, M., Peruzzo, J., Pochon, J., Moroni, P. G. P., Prada, F., Prandini, E., Puchades, N., Puljak, I., Reichardt, T., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Rissi, M., Rugamer, S., Saggion, A., Saito, K., Saito, T. Y., Salvati, M., Sanchez-Conde, M., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shayduk, M., Shore, S. N., Sierpowska-Bartosik, A., Sillanpaa, A., Sitarek, J., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Spiro, S., Stamerra, A., Steinke, B., Storz, J., Strah, N., Struebig, J. C., Suric, T., Takalo, L. O., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Vankov, H., Wagner, R. M., Weitzel, Q., Zabalza, V., Zandanel, F., Zanin, R., Acciari, V. A., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Benbow, W., Boltuch, D., Bradbury, S. M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Cesarini, A., Ciupik, L., Cui, W., Dickherber, R., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Finley, J. P., Finnegan, G., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Gillanders, G. H., Godambe, S., Grube, J., Guenette, R., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Huang, D., Hui, C. M., Humensky, T. B., Kaaret, P., Karlsson, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Konopelko, A., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., McArthur, S., McCann, A., McCutcheon, M., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Ong, R., Otte, N., Pandel, D., Perkins, J. S., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Roache, E., Rose, H. J., Rovero, A. C., Schroedter, M., Sembroski, G. H., Senturk, G. D., Steele, D., Swordy, S. P., Tesic, G., Theiling, M., Thibadeau, S., Varlotta, A., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Ward, J. E., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Weisgarber, T., Williams, D. A., Wood, M., Zitzer, B., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Arkharov, A. A., Blinov, D. A., Calcidese, P., Chen, W. P., Efimova, N. V., Kimeridze, G., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Lahteenmaki, A., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Ligustri, R., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Sigua, L. A., Troitsky, I. S., Angelakis, E., Capalbi, M., Carraminana, A., Carrasco, L., Cassaro, P., de la Fuente, E., Gurwell, M. A., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kovalev, Y. A., Krichbaum, T. P., Krimm, H. A., Leto, P., Lister, M. L., Maccaferri, G., Moody, J. W., Mori, Y., Nestoras, I., Orlati, A., Pagani, C., Pace, C., Pearson, R., Perri, M., Piner, B. G., Pushkarev, A. B., Ros, E., Sadun, A. C., Sakamoto, T., Tornikoski, M., Yatsu, Y., Zook, A., Fermi, L. A. T. Collaboration Magic Collaboration Veritas Collaboration, Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Cannon, A., Caraveo, P. A., Carrigan, S., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Celik, O., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., Dermer, C. D., de Palma, F., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Fortin, P., Frailis, M., Fuhrmann, L., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., Kadler, M., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knodlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lee, S. H., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Max-Moerbeck, W., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Nishino, S., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pavlidou, V., Pearson, T. J., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Readhead, A., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Richards, J. L., Ripken, J., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Scargle, J. D., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stawarz, L., Stevenson, M., Strickman, M. S., Sokolovsky, K. V., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Wehrle, A. E., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., Ylinen, T., Zensus, J. A., Ziegler, M., Aleksic, J., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Backes, M., Barrio, J. A., Gonzalez, J. B., Bednarek, W., Berdyugin, A., Berger, K., Bernardini, E., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bock, R. K., Boller, A., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Tridon, D. B., Bosch-Ramon, V., Bose, D., Braun, I., Bretz, T., Camara, M., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Dazzi, F., de Angelis, A., del Pozo, E. D., De Lotto, B., De Maria, M., De Sabata, F., Mendez, C. D., Ortega, A. D., Doert, M., Dominguez, A., Prester, D. D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ferenc, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Lopen, R. J. G., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giavitto, G., Godinovi, N., Hadasch, D., Herrero, A., Hildebrand, D., Hohne-Monch, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Jogler, T., Klepser, S., Krahenbuhl, T., Kranich, D., Krause, J., La Barbera, A., Leonardo, E., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Lopez, M., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, E., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Meucci, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Miyamoto, H., Moldon, J., Moralejo, A., Nieto, D., Nilsson, K., Orito, R., Oya, I., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Partini, S., Pasanen, M., Pauss, F., Pegna, R. G., Perez-Torres, M. A., Persic, M., Peruzzo, J., Pochon, J., Moroni, P. G. P., Prada, F., Prandini, E., Puchades, N., Puljak, I., Reichardt, T., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Rissi, M., Rugamer, S., Saggion, A., Saito, K., Saito, T. Y., Salvati, M., Sanchez-Conde, M., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shayduk, M., Shore, S. N., Sierpowska-Bartosik, A., Sillanpaa, A., Sitarek, J., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Spiro, S., Stamerra, A., Steinke, B., Storz, J., Strah, N., Struebig, J. C., Suric, T., Takalo, L. O., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Vankov, H., Wagner, R. M., Weitzel, Q., Zabalza, V., Zandanel, F., Zanin, R., Acciari, V. A., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Benbow, W., Boltuch, D., Bradbury, S. M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Cesarini, A., Ciupik, L., Cui, W., Dickherber, R., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Finley, J. P., Finnegan, G., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Gillanders, G. H., Godambe, S., Grube, J., Guenette, R., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Huang, D., Hui, C. M., Humensky, T. B., Kaaret, P., Karlsson, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Konopelko, A., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., McArthur, S., McCann, A., McCutcheon, M., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Ong, R., Otte, N., Pandel, D., Perkins, J. S., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Roache, E., Rose, H. J., Rovero, A. C., Schroedter, M., Sembroski, G. H., Senturk, G. D., Steele, D., Swordy, S. P., Tesic, G., Theiling, M., Thibadeau, S., Varlotta, A., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Ward, J. E., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Weisgarber, T., Williams, D. A., Wood, M., Zitzer, B., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Arkharov, A. A., Blinov, D. A., Calcidese, P., Chen, W. P., Efimova, N. V., Kimeridze, G., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Lahteenmaki, A., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Ligustri, R., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Sigua, L. A., Troitsky, I. S., Angelakis, E., Capalbi, M., Carraminana, A., Carrasco, L., Cassaro, P., de la Fuente, E., Gurwell, M. A., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kovalev, Y. A., Krichbaum, T. P., Krimm, H. A., Leto, P., Lister, M. L., Maccaferri, G., Moody, J. W., Mori, Y., Nestoras, I., Orlati, A., Pagani, C., Pace, C., Pearson, R., Perri, M., Piner, B. G., Pushkarev, A. B., Ros, E., Sadun, A. C., Sakamoto, T., Tornikoski, M., Yatsu, Y., Zook, A., and Fermi, L. A. T. Collaboration Magic Collaboration Veritas Collaboration
Abstract: We report on the gamma-ray activity of the blazar Mrk 501 during the first 480 days of Fermi operation. We find that the average Large Area Telescope (LAT) gamma-ray spectrum of Mrk 501 can be well described by a single power-law function with a photon index of 1.78 +/- 0.03. While we observe relatively mild flux variations with the Fermi-LAT (within less than a factor of two), we detect remarkable spectral variability where the hardest observed spectral index within the LAT energy range is 1.52 +/- 0.14, and the softest one is 2.51 +/- 0.20. These unexpected spectral changes do not correlate with the measured flux variations above 0.3 GeV. In this paper, we also present the first results from the 4.5 month long multifrequency campaign (2009 March 15-August 1) on Mrk 501, which included the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), Swift, RXTE, MAGIC, and VERITAS, the F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, and other collaborations and instruments which provided excellent temporal and energy coverage of the source throughout the entire campaign. The extensive radio to TeV data set from this campaign provides us with the most detailed spectral energy distribution yet collected for this source during its relatively low activity. The average spectral energy distribution of Mrk 501 is well described by the standard one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model. In the framework of this model, we find that the dominant emission region is characterized by a size less than or similar to 0.1 pc (comparable within a factor of few to the size of the partially resolved VLBA core at 15-43 GHz), and that the total jet power (similar or equal to 10(44) erg s(-1)) constitutes only a small fraction (similar to 10(-3)) of the Eddington luminosity. The energy distribution of the freshly accelerated radiating electrons required to fit the time-averaged data has a broken power-law form in the energy range 0.3 GeV-10 TeV, with spectral indices 2.2 and 2.7 below and above the break energy of 20 GeV. We argue that su
Published: 2011

2. Multi-wavelength observations of the flaring gamma-ray blazar 3C 66A in 2008 October

Author: Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Carrigan, S., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Celik, O., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Costamante, L., Cutini, S., Davis, D. S., Dermer, C. D., de Palma, F., Digel, S. W., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Fortin, P., Frailis, M., Fuhrmann, L., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Itoh, R., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, T. J., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knodlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lee, S. H., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Makeev, A., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Naumann-Godo, M., Nestoras, I., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reyes, L. C., Ripken, J., Ritz, S., Romani, R. W., Roth, M., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Scargle, J. D., Sgro, C., Shaw, M. S., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., Ylinen, T., Ziegler, M., Acciari, V. A., Aliu, E., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Bottcher, M., Boltuch, D., Bradbury, S. M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Byrum, K., Cannon, A., Cesarini, A., Christiansen, J. L., Ciupik, L., Cui, W., Perez, I. D., Dickherber, R., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Finley, J. P., Finnegan, G., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Gillanders, G. H., Godambe, S., Grube, J., Guenette, R., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Hui, C. M., Humensky, T. B., Imran, A., Kaaret, P., Karlsson, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Konopelko, A., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., LeBohec, S., Maier, G., McArthur, S., McCann, A., McCutcheon, M., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Pandel, D., Perkins, J. S., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Roache, E., Rose, H. J., Schroedter, M., Sembroski, G. H., Senturk, G. D., Smith, A. W., Steele, D., Swordy, S. P., Tesic, G., Theiling, M., Thibadeau, S., Varlotta, A., Vassiliev, V. V., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Ward, J. E., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Weisgarber, T., Williams, D. A., Wissel, S., Wood, M., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Gurwell, M. A., Larionov, V. M., Kurtanidze, O. M., Aller, M. F., Lahteenmaki, A., Chen, W. P., Berduygin, A., Agudo, I., Aller, H. D., Arkharov, A. A., Bach, U., Bachev, R., Beltrame, P., Benitez, E., Buemi, C. S., Dashti, J., Calcidese, P., Capezzali, D., Carosati, D., Da Rio, D., Di Paola, A., Diltz, C., Dolci, M., Dultzin, D., Forne, E., Gomez, J. L., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Halkola, A., Heidt, J., Hiriart, D., Hovatta, T., Hsiao, H. Y., Jorstad, S. G., Kimeridze, G. N., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Leto, P., Ligustri, R., Lindfors, E., Lopez, J. M., Marscher, A. P., Mommert, M., Mujica, R., Nikolashvili, M. G., Nilsson, K., Palma, N., Pasanen, M., Roca-Sogorb, M., Ros, J. A., Roustazadeh, P., Sadun, A. C., Saino, J., Sigua, L. A., Sillanaa, A., Sorcia, M., Takalo, L. O., Tornikoski, M., Trigilio, C., Turchetti, R., Umana, G., Belloni, T., Blake, C. H., Bloom, J. S., Angelakis, E., Fumagalli, M., Hauser, M., Prochaska, J. X., Riquelme, D., Sievers, A., Starr, D. L., Tagliaferri, G., Ungerechts, H., Wagner, S., Zensus, J. A., Fermi-Lat Collaboration, Veritas Collaboration Gasp-Webt Consortium, Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Carrigan, S., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Celik, O., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Costamante, L., Cutini, S., Davis, D. S., Dermer, C. D., de Palma, F., Digel, S. W., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Fortin, P., Frailis, M., Fuhrmann, L., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Itoh, R., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, T. J., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knodlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lee, S. H., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Makeev, A., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Naumann-Godo, M., Nestoras, I., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reyes, L. C., Ripken, J., Ritz, S., Romani, R. W., Roth, M., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Scargle, J. D., Sgro, C., Shaw, M. S., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., Ylinen, T., Ziegler, M., Acciari, V. A., Aliu, E., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Bottcher, M., Boltuch, D., Bradbury, S. M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Byrum, K., Cannon, A., Cesarini, A., Christiansen, J. L., Ciupik, L., Cui, W., Perez, I. D., Dickherber, R., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Finley, J. P., Finnegan, G., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Gillanders, G. H., Godambe, S., Grube, J., Guenette, R., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Hui, C. M., Humensky, T. B., Imran, A., Kaaret, P., Karlsson, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Konopelko, A., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., LeBohec, S., Maier, G., McArthur, S., McCann, A., McCutcheon, M., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Pandel, D., Perkins, J. S., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Roache, E., Rose, H. J., Schroedter, M., Sembroski, G. H., Senturk, G. D., Smith, A. W., Steele, D., Swordy, S. P., Tesic, G., Theiling, M., Thibadeau, S., Varlotta, A., Vassiliev, V. V., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Ward, J. E., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Weisgarber, T., Williams, D. A., Wissel, S., Wood, M., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Gurwell, M. A., Larionov, V. M., Kurtanidze, O. M., Aller, M. F., Lahteenmaki, A., Chen, W. P., Berduygin, A., Agudo, I., Aller, H. D., Arkharov, A. A., Bach, U., Bachev, R., Beltrame, P., Benitez, E., Buemi, C. S., Dashti, J., Calcidese, P., Capezzali, D., Carosati, D., Da Rio, D., Di Paola, A., Diltz, C., Dolci, M., Dultzin, D., Forne, E., Gomez, J. L., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Halkola, A., Heidt, J., Hiriart, D., Hovatta, T., Hsiao, H. Y., Jorstad, S. G., Kimeridze, G. N., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Leto, P., Ligustri, R., Lindfors, E., Lopez, J. M., Marscher, A. P., Mommert, M., Mujica, R., Nikolashvili, M. G., Nilsson, K., Palma, N., Pasanen, M., Roca-Sogorb, M., Ros, J. A., Roustazadeh, P., Sadun, A. C., Saino, J., Sigua, L. A., Sillanaa, A., Sorcia, M., Takalo, L. O., Tornikoski, M., Trigilio, C., Turchetti, R., Umana, G., Belloni, T., Blake, C. H., Bloom, J. S., Angelakis, E., Fumagalli, M., Hauser, M., Prochaska, J. X., Riquelme, D., Sievers, A., Starr, D. L., Tagliaferri, G., Ungerechts, H., Wagner, S., Zensus, J. A., and Fermi-Lat Collaboration, Veritas Collaboration Gasp-Webt Consortium
Abstract: The BL Lacertae object 3C 66A was detected in a flaring state by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and VERITAS in 2008 October. In addition to these gamma-ray observations, F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, PAIRITEL, MDM, ATOM, Swift, and Chandra provided radio to X-ray coverage. The available light curves show variability and, in particular, correlated flares are observed in the optical and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray band. The resulting spectral energy distribution can be well fitted using standard leptonic models with and without an external radiation field for inverse Compton scattering. It is found, however, that only the model with an external radiation field can accommodate the intra-night variability observed at optical wavelengths.
Published: 2011

3. Multi-wavelength observations of the flaring gamma-ray blazar 3C 66A in 2008 October

Author: Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Carrigan, S., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Celik, O., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Costamante, L., Cutini, S., Davis, D. S., Dermer, C. D., de Palma, F., Digel, S. W., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Fortin, P., Frailis, M., Fuhrmann, L., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Itoh, R., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, T. J., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knodlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lee, S. H., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Makeev, A., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Naumann-Godo, M., Nestoras, I., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reyes, L. C., Ripken, J., Ritz, S., Romani, R. W., Roth, M., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Scargle, J. D., Sgro, C., Shaw, M. S., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., Ylinen, T., Ziegler, M., Acciari, V. A., Aliu, E., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Bottcher, M., Boltuch, D., Bradbury, S. M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Byrum, K., Cannon, A., Cesarini, A., Christiansen, J. L., Ciupik, L., Cui, W., Perez, I. D., Dickherber, R., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Finley, J. P., Finnegan, G., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Gillanders, G. H., Godambe, S., Grube, J., Guenette, R., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Hui, C. M., Humensky, T. B., Imran, A., Kaaret, P., Karlsson, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Konopelko, A., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., LeBohec, S., Maier, G., McArthur, S., McCann, A., McCutcheon, M., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Pandel, D., Perkins, J. S., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Roache, E., Rose, H. J., Schroedter, M., Sembroski, G. H., Senturk, G. D., Smith, A. W., Steele, D., Swordy, S. P., Tesic, G., Theiling, M., Thibadeau, S., Varlotta, A., Vassiliev, V. V., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Ward, J. E., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Weisgarber, T., Williams, D. A., Wissel, S., Wood, M., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Gurwell, M. A., Larionov, V. M., Kurtanidze, O. M., Aller, M. F., Lahteenmaki, A., Chen, W. P., Berduygin, A., Agudo, I., Aller, H. D., Arkharov, A. A., Bach, U., Bachev, R., Beltrame, P., Benitez, E., Buemi, C. S., Dashti, J., Calcidese, P., Capezzali, D., Carosati, D., Da Rio, D., Di Paola, A., Diltz, C., Dolci, M., Dultzin, D., Forne, E., Gomez, J. L., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Halkola, A., Heidt, J., Hiriart, D., Hovatta, T., Hsiao, H. Y., Jorstad, S. G., Kimeridze, G. N., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Leto, P., Ligustri, R., Lindfors, E., Lopez, J. M., Marscher, A. P., Mommert, M., Mujica, R., Nikolashvili, M. G., Nilsson, K., Palma, N., Pasanen, M., Roca-Sogorb, M., Ros, J. A., Roustazadeh, P., Sadun, A. C., Saino, J., Sigua, L. A., Sillanaa, A., Sorcia, M., Takalo, L. O., Tornikoski, M., Trigilio, C., Turchetti, R., Umana, G., Belloni, T., Blake, C. H., Bloom, J. S., Angelakis, E., Fumagalli, M., Hauser, M., Prochaska, J. X., Riquelme, D., Sievers, A., Starr, D. L., Tagliaferri, G., Ungerechts, H., Wagner, S., Zensus, J. A., Fermi-Lat Collaboration, Veritas Collaboration Gasp-Webt Consortium, Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Carrigan, S., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Celik, O., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Costamante, L., Cutini, S., Davis, D. S., Dermer, C. D., de Palma, F., Digel, S. W., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Fortin, P., Frailis, M., Fuhrmann, L., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Itoh, R., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, T. J., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knodlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lee, S. H., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Makeev, A., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Naumann-Godo, M., Nestoras, I., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reyes, L. C., Ripken, J., Ritz, S., Romani, R. W., Roth, M., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Scargle, J. D., Sgro, C., Shaw, M. S., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., Ylinen, T., Ziegler, M., Acciari, V. A., Aliu, E., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Bottcher, M., Boltuch, D., Bradbury, S. M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Byrum, K., Cannon, A., Cesarini, A., Christiansen, J. L., Ciupik, L., Cui, W., Perez, I. D., Dickherber, R., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Finley, J. P., Finnegan, G., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Gillanders, G. H., Godambe, S., Grube, J., Guenette, R., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Hui, C. M., Humensky, T. B., Imran, A., Kaaret, P., Karlsson, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Konopelko, A., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., LeBohec, S., Maier, G., McArthur, S., McCann, A., McCutcheon, M., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Pandel, D., Perkins, J. S., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Roache, E., Rose, H. J., Schroedter, M., Sembroski, G. H., Senturk, G. D., Smith, A. W., Steele, D., Swordy, S. P., Tesic, G., Theiling, M., Thibadeau, S., Varlotta, A., Vassiliev, V. V., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Ward, J. E., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Weisgarber, T., Williams, D. A., Wissel, S., Wood, M., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Gurwell, M. A., Larionov, V. M., Kurtanidze, O. M., Aller, M. F., Lahteenmaki, A., Chen, W. P., Berduygin, A., Agudo, I., Aller, H. D., Arkharov, A. A., Bach, U., Bachev, R., Beltrame, P., Benitez, E., Buemi, C. S., Dashti, J., Calcidese, P., Capezzali, D., Carosati, D., Da Rio, D., Di Paola, A., Diltz, C., Dolci, M., Dultzin, D., Forne, E., Gomez, J. L., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Halkola, A., Heidt, J., Hiriart, D., Hovatta, T., Hsiao, H. Y., Jorstad, S. G., Kimeridze, G. N., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Leto, P., Ligustri, R., Lindfors, E., Lopez, J. M., Marscher, A. P., Mommert, M., Mujica, R., Nikolashvili, M. G., Nilsson, K., Palma, N., Pasanen, M., Roca-Sogorb, M., Ros, J. A., Roustazadeh, P., Sadun, A. C., Saino, J., Sigua, L. A., Sillanaa, A., Sorcia, M., Takalo, L. O., Tornikoski, M., Trigilio, C., Turchetti, R., Umana, G., Belloni, T., Blake, C. H., Bloom, J. S., Angelakis, E., Fumagalli, M., Hauser, M., Prochaska, J. X., Riquelme, D., Sievers, A., Starr, D. L., Tagliaferri, G., Ungerechts, H., Wagner, S., Zensus, J. A., and Fermi-Lat Collaboration, Veritas Collaboration Gasp-Webt Consortium
Abstract: The BL Lacertae object 3C 66A was detected in a flaring state by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and VERITAS in 2008 October. In addition to these gamma-ray observations, F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, PAIRITEL, MDM, ATOM, Swift, and Chandra provided radio to X-ray coverage. The available light curves show variability and, in particular, correlated flares are observed in the optical and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray band. The resulting spectral energy distribution can be well fitted using standard leptonic models with and without an external radiation field for inverse Compton scattering. It is found, however, that only the model with an external radiation field can accommodate the intra-night variability observed at optical wavelengths.
Published: 2011

4. Insights into the high-energy gamma-ray emission of markarian 501 from extensive multifrequency observations in the Fermi era

Author: Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Cannon, A., Caraveo, P. A., Carrigan, S., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Celik, O., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., Dermer, C. D., de Palma, F., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Fortin, P., Frailis, M., Fuhrmann, L., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., Kadler, M., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knodlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lee, S. H., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Max-Moerbeck, W., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Nishino, S., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pavlidou, V., Pearson, T. J., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Readhead, A., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Richards, J. L., Ripken, J., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Scargle, J. D., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stawarz, L., Stevenson, M., Strickman, M. S., Sokolovsky, K. V., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Wehrle, A. E., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., Ylinen, T., Zensus, J. A., Ziegler, M., Aleksic, J., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Backes, M., Barrio, J. A., Gonzalez, J. B., Bednarek, W., Berdyugin, A., Berger, K., Bernardini, E., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bock, R. K., Boller, A., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Tridon, D. B., Bosch-Ramon, V., Bose, D., Braun, I., Bretz, T., Camara, M., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Dazzi, F., de Angelis, A., del Pozo, E. D., De Lotto, B., De Maria, M., De Sabata, F., Mendez, C. D., Ortega, A. D., Doert, M., Dominguez, A., Prester, D. D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ferenc, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Lopen, R. J. G., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giavitto, G., Godinovi, N., Hadasch, D., Herrero, A., Hildebrand, D., Hohne-Monch, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Jogler, T., Klepser, S., Krahenbuhl, T., Kranich, D., Krause, J., La Barbera, A., Leonardo, E., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Lopez, M., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, E., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Meucci, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Miyamoto, H., Moldon, J., Moralejo, A., Nieto, D., Nilsson, K., Orito, R., Oya, I., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Partini, S., Pasanen, M., Pauss, F., Pegna, R. G., Perez-Torres, M. A., Persic, M., Peruzzo, J., Pochon, J., Moroni, P. G. P., Prada, F., Prandini, E., Puchades, N., Puljak, I., Reichardt, T., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Rissi, M., Rugamer, S., Saggion, A., Saito, K., Saito, T. Y., Salvati, M., Sanchez-Conde, M., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shayduk, M., Shore, S. N., Sierpowska-Bartosik, A., Sillanpaa, A., Sitarek, J., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Spiro, S., Stamerra, A., Steinke, B., Storz, J., Strah, N., Struebig, J. C., Suric, T., Takalo, L. O., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Vankov, H., Wagner, R. M., Weitzel, Q., Zabalza, V., Zandanel, F., Zanin, R., Acciari, V. A., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Benbow, W., Boltuch, D., Bradbury, S. M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Cesarini, A., Ciupik, L., Cui, W., Dickherber, R., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Finley, J. P., Finnegan, G., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Gillanders, G. H., Godambe, S., Grube, J., Guenette, R., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Huang, D., Hui, C. M., Humensky, T. B., Kaaret, P., Karlsson, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Konopelko, A., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., McArthur, S., McCann, A., McCutcheon, M., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Ong, R., Otte, N., Pandel, D., Perkins, J. S., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Roache, E., Rose, H. J., Rovero, A. C., Schroedter, M., Sembroski, G. H., Senturk, G. D., Steele, D., Swordy, S. P., Tesic, G., Theiling, M., Thibadeau, S., Varlotta, A., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Ward, J. E., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Weisgarber, T., Williams, D. A., Wood, M., Zitzer, B., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Arkharov, A. A., Blinov, D. A., Calcidese, P., Chen, W. P., Efimova, N. V., Kimeridze, G., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Lahteenmaki, A., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Ligustri, R., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Sigua, L. A., Troitsky, I. S., Angelakis, E., Capalbi, M., Carraminana, A., Carrasco, L., Cassaro, P., de la Fuente, E., Gurwell, M. A., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kovalev, Y. A., Krichbaum, T. P., Krimm, H. A., Leto, P., Lister, M. L., Maccaferri, G., Moody, J. W., Mori, Y., Nestoras, I., Orlati, A., Pagani, C., Pace, C., Pearson, R., Perri, M., Piner, B. G., Pushkarev, A. B., Ros, E., Sadun, A. C., Sakamoto, T., Tornikoski, M., Yatsu, Y., Zook, A., Fermi, L. A. T. Collaboration Magic Collaboration Veritas Collaboration, Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Cannon, A., Caraveo, P. A., Carrigan, S., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Celik, O., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., Dermer, C. D., de Palma, F., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Fortin, P., Frailis, M., Fuhrmann, L., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., Kadler, M., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knodlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lee, S. H., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Max-Moerbeck, W., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Nishino, S., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pavlidou, V., Pearson, T. J., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Readhead, A., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Richards, J. L., Ripken, J., Ritz, S., Roth, M., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sanchez, D., Sander, A., Scargle, J. D., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stawarz, L., Stevenson, M., Strickman, M. S., Sokolovsky, K. V., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Wehrle, A. E., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., Ylinen, T., Zensus, J. A., Ziegler, M., Aleksic, J., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Backes, M., Barrio, J. A., Gonzalez, J. B., Bednarek, W., Berdyugin, A., Berger, K., Bernardini, E., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bock, R. K., Boller, A., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Tridon, D. B., Bosch-Ramon, V., Bose, D., Braun, I., Bretz, T., Camara, M., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Dazzi, F., de Angelis, A., del Pozo, E. D., De Lotto, B., De Maria, M., De Sabata, F., Mendez, C. D., Ortega, A. D., Doert, M., Dominguez, A., Prester, D. D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ferenc, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Lopen, R. J. G., Garczarczyk, M., Gaug, M., Giavitto, G., Godinovi, N., Hadasch, D., Herrero, A., Hildebrand, D., Hohne-Monch, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Jogler, T., Klepser, S., Krahenbuhl, T., Kranich, D., Krause, J., La Barbera, A., Leonardo, E., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Lopez, M., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, E., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Meucci, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Miyamoto, H., Moldon, J., Moralejo, A., Nieto, D., Nilsson, K., Orito, R., Oya, I., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Partini, S., Pasanen, M., Pauss, F., Pegna, R. G., Perez-Torres, M. A., Persic, M., Peruzzo, J., Pochon, J., Moroni, P. G. P., Prada, F., Prandini, E., Puchades, N., Puljak, I., Reichardt, T., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Rissi, M., Rugamer, S., Saggion, A., Saito, K., Saito, T. Y., Salvati, M., Sanchez-Conde, M., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shayduk, M., Shore, S. N., Sierpowska-Bartosik, A., Sillanpaa, A., Sitarek, J., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Spiro, S., Stamerra, A., Steinke, B., Storz, J., Strah, N., Struebig, J. C., Suric, T., Takalo, L. O., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Vankov, H., Wagner, R. M., Weitzel, Q., Zabalza, V., Zandanel, F., Zanin, R., Acciari, V. A., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Benbow, W., Boltuch, D., Bradbury, S. M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Cesarini, A., Ciupik, L., Cui, W., Dickherber, R., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Finley, J. P., Finnegan, G., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Gillanders, G. H., Godambe, S., Grube, J., Guenette, R., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Huang, D., Hui, C. M., Humensky, T. B., Kaaret, P., Karlsson, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Konopelko, A., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., McArthur, S., McCann, A., McCutcheon, M., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Ong, R., Otte, N., Pandel, D., Perkins, J. S., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reyes, L. C., Reynolds, P. T., Roache, E., Rose, H. J., Rovero, A. C., Schroedter, M., Sembroski, G. H., Senturk, G. D., Steele, D., Swordy, S. P., Tesic, G., Theiling, M., Thibadeau, S., Varlotta, A., Vincent, S., Wakely, S. P., Ward, J. E., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Weisgarber, T., Williams, D. A., Wood, M., Zitzer, B., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Arkharov, A. A., Blinov, D. A., Calcidese, P., Chen, W. P., Efimova, N. V., Kimeridze, G., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Lahteenmaki, A., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Ligustri, R., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Sigua, L. A., Troitsky, I. S., Angelakis, E., Capalbi, M., Carraminana, A., Carrasco, L., Cassaro, P., de la Fuente, E., Gurwell, M. A., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kovalev, Y. A., Krichbaum, T. P., Krimm, H. A., Leto, P., Lister, M. L., Maccaferri, G., Moody, J. W., Mori, Y., Nestoras, I., Orlati, A., Pagani, C., Pace, C., Pearson, R., Perri, M., Piner, B. G., Pushkarev, A. B., Ros, E., Sadun, A. C., Sakamoto, T., Tornikoski, M., Yatsu, Y., Zook, A., and Fermi, L. A. T. Collaboration Magic Collaboration Veritas Collaboration
Abstract: We report on the gamma-ray activity of the blazar Mrk 501 during the first 480 days of Fermi operation. We find that the average Large Area Telescope (LAT) gamma-ray spectrum of Mrk 501 can be well described by a single power-law function with a photon index of 1.78 +/- 0.03. While we observe relatively mild flux variations with the Fermi-LAT (within less than a factor of two), we detect remarkable spectral variability where the hardest observed spectral index within the LAT energy range is 1.52 +/- 0.14, and the softest one is 2.51 +/- 0.20. These unexpected spectral changes do not correlate with the measured flux variations above 0.3 GeV. In this paper, we also present the first results from the 4.5 month long multifrequency campaign (2009 March 15-August 1) on Mrk 501, which included the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), Swift, RXTE, MAGIC, and VERITAS, the F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, and other collaborations and instruments which provided excellent temporal and energy coverage of the source throughout the entire campaign. The extensive radio to TeV data set from this campaign provides us with the most detailed spectral energy distribution yet collected for this source during its relatively low activity. The average spectral energy distribution of Mrk 501 is well described by the standard one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model. In the framework of this model, we find that the dominant emission region is characterized by a size less than or similar to 0.1 pc (comparable within a factor of few to the size of the partially resolved VLBA core at 15-43 GHz), and that the total jet power (similar or equal to 10(44) erg s(-1)) constitutes only a small fraction (similar to 10(-3)) of the Eddington luminosity. The energy distribution of the freshly accelerated radiating electrons required to fit the time-averaged data has a broken power-law form in the energy range 0.3 GeV-10 TeV, with spectral indices 2.2 and 2.7 below and above the break energy of 20 GeV. We argue that su
Published: 2011

5. Fermi large area telescope and multi-wavelength observations of the flaring activity of PKS 1510-089 between 2008 September and 2009 June

Author: Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Agudo, I., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Antolini, E., Arkharov, A. A., Axelsson, M., Bach, U., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berdyugin, A., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Blinov, D. A., Bloom, E. D., Boettcher, M., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buemi, C. S., Burnett, T. H., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Carosati, D., Carrigan, S., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Celik, O., Chekhtman, A., Chen, W. P., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Corbel, S., Costamante, L., Dermer, C. D., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Donato, D., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Forne, E., Fortin, P., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Gurwell, M. A., Gusbar, C., Gomez, J. L., Hadasch, D., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kawai, N., Kimeridze, G., Knodlseder, J., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kuss, M., Lahteenmaki, A., Lande, J., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lee, S. H., Leto, P., Lister, M. L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Massaro, E., Mazziotta, M. N., McConville, W., McEnery, J. E., McHardy, I. M., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morozova, D. A., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Nikolashvili, M. G., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pasanen, M., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Pushkarev, A. B., Raino, S., Raiteri, C. M., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reinthal, R., Ripken, J., Ritz, S., Roca-Sogorb, M., Rodriguez, A. Y., Roth, M., Roustazadeh, P., Ryde, F., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sander, A., Scargle, J. D., Sgro, C., Sigua, L. A., Smith, P. D., Sokolovsky, K., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Starck, J. L., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Takalo, L. O., Tanaka, T., Taylor, B., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tornikoski, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Trigilio, C., Troitsky, I. S., Umana, G., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vilchez, N., Villata, M., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., Ylinen, T., Ziegler, M., Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Agudo, I., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Antolini, E., Arkharov, A. A., Axelsson, M., Bach, U., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berdyugin, A., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Blinov, D. A., Bloom, E. D., Boettcher, M., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buemi, C. S., Burnett, T. H., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Carosati, D., Carrigan, S., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Celik, O., Chekhtman, A., Chen, W. P., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Corbel, S., Costamante, L., Dermer, C. D., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Donato, D., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Forne, E., Fortin, P., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Gurwell, M. A., Gusbar, C., Gomez, J. L., Hadasch, D., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kawai, N., Kimeridze, G., Knodlseder, J., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kuss, M., Lahteenmaki, A., Lande, J., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lee, S. H., Leto, P., Lister, M. L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Massaro, E., Mazziotta, M. N., McConville, W., McEnery, J. E., McHardy, I. M., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morozova, D. A., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Nikolashvili, M. G., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pasanen, M., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Pushkarev, A. B., Raino, S., Raiteri, C. M., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reinthal, R., Ripken, J., Ritz, S., Roca-Sogorb, M., Rodriguez, A. Y., Roth, M., Roustazadeh, P., Ryde, F., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sander, A., Scargle, J. D., Sgro, C., Sigua, L. A., Smith, P. D., Sokolovsky, K., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Starck, J. L., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Takalo, L. O., Tanaka, T., Taylor, B., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tornikoski, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Trigilio, C., Troitsky, I. S., Umana, G., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vilchez, N., Villata, M., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., Ylinen, T., and Ziegler, M.
Abstract: We report on the multi-wavelength observations of PKS 1510-089 (a flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) at z = 0.361) during its high activity period between 2008 September and 2009 June. During this 11 month period, the source was characterized by a complex variability at optical, UV, and gamma-ray bands, on timescales down to 6-12 hr. The brightest gamma-ray isotropic luminosity, recorded on 2009 March 26, was similar or equal to 2 x 1048 erg s-1. The spectrum in the Fermi Large Area Telescope energy range shows a mild curvature described well by a log-parabolic law, and can be understood as due to the Klein-Nishina effect. The. -ray flux has a complex correlation with the other wavelengths. There is no correlation at all with the X-ray band, a weak correlation with the UV, and a significant correlation with the optical flux. The. -ray flux seems to lead the optical one by about 13 days. From the UV photometry, we estimated a black hole mass of similar or equal to 5.4 x 10(8)M(circle dot) and an accretion rate of similar or equal to 0.5M(circle dot) yr(-1). Although the power in the thermal and non-thermal outputs is smaller compared to the very luminous and distant FSRQs, PKS 1510-089 exhibits a quite large Compton dominance and a prominent big blue bump (BBB) as observed in the most powerful gamma-ray quasars. The BBB was still prominent during the historical maximum optical state in 2009 May, but the optical/ UV spectral index was softer than in the quiescent state. This seems to indicate that the BBB was not completely dominated by the synchrotron emission during the highest optical state. We model the broadband spectrum assuming a leptonic scenario in which the inverse Compton emission is dominated by the scattering of soft photons produced externally to the jet. The resulting model-dependent jet energetic content is compatible with a scenario in which the jet is powered by the accretion disk, with a total efficiency within the Kerr black hole limit.
Published: 2010

6. Multiwavelength observations of 3C 454.3. III. Eighteen months of agile monitoring of the 'Crazy Diamond'

Author: Vercellone, S., D'Ammando, F., Vittorini, V., Donnarumma, I., Pucella, G., Tavani, M., Ferrari, A., Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., Romano, P., Krimm, H., Tiengo, A., Chen, A. W., Giovannini, G., Venturi, T., Giroletti, M., Kovalev, Y. Y., Sokolovsky, K., Pushkarev, A. B., Lister, M. L., Argan, A., Barbiellini, G., Bulgarelli, A., Caraveo, P., Cattaneo, P. W., Cocco, V., Costa, E., Del Monte, E., De Paris, G., Di Cocco, G., Evangelista, Y., Feroci, M., Fiorini, M., Fornari, F., Froysland, T., Fuschino, F., Galli, M., Gianotti, F., Labanti, C., Lapshov, I., Lazzarotto, F., Lipari, P., Longo, F., Giuliani, A., Marisaldi, M., Mereghetti, S., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, A., Pacciani, L., Perotti, F., Piano, G., Picozza, P., Pilia, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, M., Rappoldi, A., Sabatini, S., Soffitta, P., Striani, E., Trifoglio, M., Trois, A., Vallazza, E., Zambra, A., Zanello, D., Pittori, C., Verrecchia, F., Santolamazza, P., Giommi, P., Colafrancesco, S., Salotti, L., Agudo, I., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Arkharov, A. A., Bach, U., Bachev, R., Beltrame, P., Benitez, E., Bottcher, M., Buemi, C. S., Calcidese, P., Capezzali, D., Carosati, D., Chen, W. P., Da Rio, D., Di Paola, A., Dolci, M., Dultzin, D., Forne, E., Gomez, J. L., Gurwell, M. A., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Halkola, A., Heidt, J., Hiriart, D., Hovatta, T., Hsiao, H. Y., Jorstad, S. G., Kimeridze, G., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Kurtanidze, O., Lahteenmaki, A., Larionov, V. M., Leto, P., Ligustri, R., Lindfors, E., Lopez, J. M., Marscher, A. P., Mujica, R., Nikolashvili, M., Nilsson, K., Mommert, M., Palma, N., Pasanen, M., Roca-Sogorb, M., Ros, J. A., Roustazadeh, P., Sadun, A. C., Saino, J., Sigua, L., Sorcia, M., Takalo, L. O., Tornikoski, M., Trigilio, C., Turchetti, R., Umana, G., Vercellone, S., D'Ammando, F., Vittorini, V., Donnarumma, I., Pucella, G., Tavani, M., Ferrari, A., Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., Romano, P., Krimm, H., Tiengo, A., Chen, A. W., Giovannini, G., Venturi, T., Giroletti, M., Kovalev, Y. Y., Sokolovsky, K., Pushkarev, A. B., Lister, M. L., Argan, A., Barbiellini, G., Bulgarelli, A., Caraveo, P., Cattaneo, P. W., Cocco, V., Costa, E., Del Monte, E., De Paris, G., Di Cocco, G., Evangelista, Y., Feroci, M., Fiorini, M., Fornari, F., Froysland, T., Fuschino, F., Galli, M., Gianotti, F., Labanti, C., Lapshov, I., Lazzarotto, F., Lipari, P., Longo, F., Giuliani, A., Marisaldi, M., Mereghetti, S., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, A., Pacciani, L., Perotti, F., Piano, G., Picozza, P., Pilia, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, M., Rappoldi, A., Sabatini, S., Soffitta, P., Striani, E., Trifoglio, M., Trois, A., Vallazza, E., Zambra, A., Zanello, D., Pittori, C., Verrecchia, F., Santolamazza, P., Giommi, P., Colafrancesco, S., Salotti, L., Agudo, I., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Arkharov, A. A., Bach, U., Bachev, R., Beltrame, P., Benitez, E., Bottcher, M., Buemi, C. S., Calcidese, P., Capezzali, D., Carosati, D., Chen, W. P., Da Rio, D., Di Paola, A., Dolci, M., Dultzin, D., Forne, E., Gomez, J. L., Gurwell, M. A., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Halkola, A., Heidt, J., Hiriart, D., Hovatta, T., Hsiao, H. Y., Jorstad, S. G., Kimeridze, G., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Kurtanidze, O., Lahteenmaki, A., Larionov, V. M., Leto, P., Ligustri, R., Lindfors, E., Lopez, J. M., Marscher, A. P., Mujica, R., Nikolashvili, M., Nilsson, K., Mommert, M., Palma, N., Pasanen, M., Roca-Sogorb, M., Ros, J. A., Roustazadeh, P., Sadun, A. C., Saino, J., Sigua, L., Sorcia, M., Takalo, L. O., Tornikoski, M., Trigilio, C., Turchetti, R., and Umana, G.
Abstract: We report on 18 months of multiwavelength observations of the blazar 3C 454.3 ( Crazy Diamond) carried out in the period 2007 July-2009 January. In particular, we show the results of the AGILE campaigns which took place on 2008 May-June, 2008 July-August, and 2008 October-2009 January. During the 2008 May-2009 January period, the source average flux was highly variable, with a clear fading trend toward the end of the period, from an average. gamma-ray flux F-E>100 (MeV) greater than or similar to 200 x 10(-8) photons cm(-2) s(-1) in 2008 May-June, to F-E>100 MeV similar to 80 x 10(-8) photons cm(-2) s(-1) in 2008 October-2009 January. The average gamma-ray spectrum between 100 MeV and 1 GeV can be fit by a simple power law, showing a moderate softening ( from Gamma(GRID) similar to 2.0 to Gamma(GRID) similar to 2.2) toward the end of the observing campaign. Only 3 sigma upper limits can be derived in the 20-60 keV energy band with Super-AGILE, because the source was considerably off-axis during the whole time period. In 2007 July-August and 2008 May-June, 3C 454.3 was monitored by Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). The RXTE/Proportional Counter Array (PCA) light curve in the 3-20 keV energy band shows variability correlated with the gamma-ray one. The RXTE/PCA average flux during the two time periods is F3-20 keV = 8.4 x 10(-11) erg cm(-2) s(-1), and F3-20 keV = 4.5 x 10(-11) erg cm(-2) s(-1), respectively, while the spectrum ( a power law with photon index Gamma(PCA) = 1.65 +/- 0.02) does not show any significant variability. Consistent results are obtained with the analysis of the RXTE/High-Energy X-Ray Timing Experiment quasi-simultaneous data. We also carried out simultaneous Swift observations during all AGILE campaigns. Swift/XRT detected 3C 454.3 with an observed flux in the 2-10 keV energy band in the range (0.9-7.5) x 10(-11) erg cm(-2) s(-1) and a photon index in the range Gamma(XRT) = 1.33-2.04. In the 15-150 keV energy band, when detected, the source ha
Published: 2010

7. Fermi large area telescope and multi-wavelength observations of the flaring activity of PKS 1510-089 between 2008 September and 2009 June

Author: Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Agudo, I., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Antolini, E., Arkharov, A. A., Axelsson, M., Bach, U., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berdyugin, A., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Blinov, D. A., Bloom, E. D., Boettcher, M., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buemi, C. S., Burnett, T. H., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Carosati, D., Carrigan, S., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Celik, O., Chekhtman, A., Chen, W. P., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Corbel, S., Costamante, L., Dermer, C. D., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Donato, D., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Forne, E., Fortin, P., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Gurwell, M. A., Gusbar, C., Gomez, J. L., Hadasch, D., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kawai, N., Kimeridze, G., Knodlseder, J., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kuss, M., Lahteenmaki, A., Lande, J., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lee, S. H., Leto, P., Lister, M. L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Massaro, E., Mazziotta, M. N., McConville, W., McEnery, J. E., McHardy, I. M., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morozova, D. A., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Nikolashvili, M. G., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pasanen, M., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Pushkarev, A. B., Raino, S., Raiteri, C. M., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reinthal, R., Ripken, J., Ritz, S., Roca-Sogorb, M., Rodriguez, A. Y., Roth, M., Roustazadeh, P., Ryde, F., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sander, A., Scargle, J. D., Sgro, C., Sigua, L. A., Smith, P. D., Sokolovsky, K., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Starck, J. L., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Takalo, L. O., Tanaka, T., Taylor, B., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tornikoski, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Trigilio, C., Troitsky, I. S., Umana, G., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vilchez, N., Villata, M., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., Ylinen, T., Ziegler, M., Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Agudo, I., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Antolini, E., Arkharov, A. A., Axelsson, M., Bach, U., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berdyugin, A., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Blinov, D. A., Bloom, E. D., Boettcher, M., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buemi, C. S., Burnett, T. H., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Carosati, D., Carrigan, S., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Celik, O., Chekhtman, A., Chen, W. P., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Corbel, S., Costamante, L., Dermer, C. D., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Donato, D., Silva, E. D. E., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Farnier, C., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Forne, E., Fortin, P., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Gurwell, M. A., Gusbar, C., Gomez, J. L., Hadasch, D., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hughes, R. E., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kawai, N., Kimeridze, G., Knodlseder, J., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kuss, M., Lahteenmaki, A., Lande, J., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lee, S. H., Leto, P., Lister, M. L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Makeev, A., Massaro, E., Mazziotta, M. N., McConville, W., McEnery, J. E., McHardy, I. M., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morozova, D. A., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Nikolashvili, M. G., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pasanen, M., Pelassa, V., Pepe, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Pushkarev, A. B., Raino, S., Raiteri, C. M., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reinthal, R., Ripken, J., Ritz, S., Roca-Sogorb, M., Rodriguez, A. Y., Roth, M., Roustazadeh, P., Ryde, F., Sadrozinski, H. F. W., Sander, A., Scargle, J. D., Sgro, C., Sigua, L. A., Smith, P. D., Sokolovsky, K., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Starck, J. L., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Takalo, L. O., Tanaka, T., Taylor, B., Thayer, J. B., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tornikoski, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Trigilio, C., Troitsky, I. S., Umana, G., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vilchez, N., Villata, M., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., Ylinen, T., and Ziegler, M.
Abstract: We report on the multi-wavelength observations of PKS 1510-089 (a flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) at z = 0.361) during its high activity period between 2008 September and 2009 June. During this 11 month period, the source was characterized by a complex variability at optical, UV, and gamma-ray bands, on timescales down to 6-12 hr. The brightest gamma-ray isotropic luminosity, recorded on 2009 March 26, was similar or equal to 2 x 1048 erg s-1. The spectrum in the Fermi Large Area Telescope energy range shows a mild curvature described well by a log-parabolic law, and can be understood as due to the Klein-Nishina effect. The. -ray flux has a complex correlation with the other wavelengths. There is no correlation at all with the X-ray band, a weak correlation with the UV, and a significant correlation with the optical flux. The. -ray flux seems to lead the optical one by about 13 days. From the UV photometry, we estimated a black hole mass of similar or equal to 5.4 x 10(8)M(circle dot) and an accretion rate of similar or equal to 0.5M(circle dot) yr(-1). Although the power in the thermal and non-thermal outputs is smaller compared to the very luminous and distant FSRQs, PKS 1510-089 exhibits a quite large Compton dominance and a prominent big blue bump (BBB) as observed in the most powerful gamma-ray quasars. The BBB was still prominent during the historical maximum optical state in 2009 May, but the optical/ UV spectral index was softer than in the quiescent state. This seems to indicate that the BBB was not completely dominated by the synchrotron emission during the highest optical state. We model the broadband spectrum assuming a leptonic scenario in which the inverse Compton emission is dominated by the scattering of soft photons produced externally to the jet. The resulting model-dependent jet energetic content is compatible with a scenario in which the jet is powered by the accretion disk, with a total efficiency within the Kerr black hole limit.
Published: 2010

8. Multiwavelength observations of 3C 454.3. III. Eighteen months of agile monitoring of the 'Crazy Diamond'

Author: Vercellone, S., D'Ammando, F., Vittorini, V., Donnarumma, I., Pucella, G., Tavani, M., Ferrari, A., Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., Romano, P., Krimm, H., Tiengo, A., Chen, A. W., Giovannini, G., Venturi, T., Giroletti, M., Kovalev, Y. Y., Sokolovsky, K., Pushkarev, A. B., Lister, M. L., Argan, A., Barbiellini, G., Bulgarelli, A., Caraveo, P., Cattaneo, P. W., Cocco, V., Costa, E., Del Monte, E., De Paris, G., Di Cocco, G., Evangelista, Y., Feroci, M., Fiorini, M., Fornari, F., Froysland, T., Fuschino, F., Galli, M., Gianotti, F., Labanti, C., Lapshov, I., Lazzarotto, F., Lipari, P., Longo, F., Giuliani, A., Marisaldi, M., Mereghetti, S., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, A., Pacciani, L., Perotti, F., Piano, G., Picozza, P., Pilia, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, M., Rappoldi, A., Sabatini, S., Soffitta, P., Striani, E., Trifoglio, M., Trois, A., Vallazza, E., Zambra, A., Zanello, D., Pittori, C., Verrecchia, F., Santolamazza, P., Giommi, P., Colafrancesco, S., Salotti, L., Agudo, I., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Arkharov, A. A., Bach, U., Bachev, R., Beltrame, P., Benitez, E., Bottcher, M., Buemi, C. S., Calcidese, P., Capezzali, D., Carosati, D., Chen, W. P., Da Rio, D., Di Paola, A., Dolci, M., Dultzin, D., Forne, E., Gomez, J. L., Gurwell, M. A., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Halkola, A., Heidt, J., Hiriart, D., Hovatta, T., Hsiao, H. Y., Jorstad, S. G., Kimeridze, G., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Kurtanidze, O., Lahteenmaki, A., Larionov, V. M., Leto, P., Ligustri, R., Lindfors, E., Lopez, J. M., Marscher, A. P., Mujica, R., Nikolashvili, M., Nilsson, K., Mommert, M., Palma, N., Pasanen, M., Roca-Sogorb, M., Ros, J. A., Roustazadeh, P., Sadun, A. C., Saino, J., Sigua, L., Sorcia, M., Takalo, L. O., Tornikoski, M., Trigilio, C., Turchetti, R., Umana, G., Vercellone, S., D'Ammando, F., Vittorini, V., Donnarumma, I., Pucella, G., Tavani, M., Ferrari, A., Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., Romano, P., Krimm, H., Tiengo, A., Chen, A. W., Giovannini, G., Venturi, T., Giroletti, M., Kovalev, Y. Y., Sokolovsky, K., Pushkarev, A. B., Lister, M. L., Argan, A., Barbiellini, G., Bulgarelli, A., Caraveo, P., Cattaneo, P. W., Cocco, V., Costa, E., Del Monte, E., De Paris, G., Di Cocco, G., Evangelista, Y., Feroci, M., Fiorini, M., Fornari, F., Froysland, T., Fuschino, F., Galli, M., Gianotti, F., Labanti, C., Lapshov, I., Lazzarotto, F., Lipari, P., Longo, F., Giuliani, A., Marisaldi, M., Mereghetti, S., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, A., Pacciani, L., Perotti, F., Piano, G., Picozza, P., Pilia, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, M., Rappoldi, A., Sabatini, S., Soffitta, P., Striani, E., Trifoglio, M., Trois, A., Vallazza, E., Zambra, A., Zanello, D., Pittori, C., Verrecchia, F., Santolamazza, P., Giommi, P., Colafrancesco, S., Salotti, L., Agudo, I., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Arkharov, A. A., Bach, U., Bachev, R., Beltrame, P., Benitez, E., Bottcher, M., Buemi, C. S., Calcidese, P., Capezzali, D., Carosati, D., Chen, W. P., Da Rio, D., Di Paola, A., Dolci, M., Dultzin, D., Forne, E., Gomez, J. L., Gurwell, M. A., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Halkola, A., Heidt, J., Hiriart, D., Hovatta, T., Hsiao, H. Y., Jorstad, S. G., Kimeridze, G., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Kurtanidze, O., Lahteenmaki, A., Larionov, V. M., Leto, P., Ligustri, R., Lindfors, E., Lopez, J. M., Marscher, A. P., Mujica, R., Nikolashvili, M., Nilsson, K., Mommert, M., Palma, N., Pasanen, M., Roca-Sogorb, M., Ros, J. A., Roustazadeh, P., Sadun, A. C., Saino, J., Sigua, L., Sorcia, M., Takalo, L. O., Tornikoski, M., Trigilio, C., Turchetti, R., and Umana, G.
Abstract: We report on 18 months of multiwavelength observations of the blazar 3C 454.3 ( Crazy Diamond) carried out in the period 2007 July-2009 January. In particular, we show the results of the AGILE campaigns which took place on 2008 May-June, 2008 July-August, and 2008 October-2009 January. During the 2008 May-2009 January period, the source average flux was highly variable, with a clear fading trend toward the end of the period, from an average. gamma-ray flux F-E>100 (MeV) greater than or similar to 200 x 10(-8) photons cm(-2) s(-1) in 2008 May-June, to F-E>100 MeV similar to 80 x 10(-8) photons cm(-2) s(-1) in 2008 October-2009 January. The average gamma-ray spectrum between 100 MeV and 1 GeV can be fit by a simple power law, showing a moderate softening ( from Gamma(GRID) similar to 2.0 to Gamma(GRID) similar to 2.2) toward the end of the observing campaign. Only 3 sigma upper limits can be derived in the 20-60 keV energy band with Super-AGILE, because the source was considerably off-axis during the whole time period. In 2007 July-August and 2008 May-June, 3C 454.3 was monitored by Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). The RXTE/Proportional Counter Array (PCA) light curve in the 3-20 keV energy band shows variability correlated with the gamma-ray one. The RXTE/PCA average flux during the two time periods is F3-20 keV = 8.4 x 10(-11) erg cm(-2) s(-1), and F3-20 keV = 4.5 x 10(-11) erg cm(-2) s(-1), respectively, while the spectrum ( a power law with photon index Gamma(PCA) = 1.65 +/- 0.02) does not show any significant variability. Consistent results are obtained with the analysis of the RXTE/High-Energy X-Ray Timing Experiment quasi-simultaneous data. We also carried out simultaneous Swift observations during all AGILE campaigns. Swift/XRT detected 3C 454.3 with an observed flux in the 2-10 keV energy band in the range (0.9-7.5) x 10(-11) erg cm(-2) s(-1) and a photon index in the range Gamma(XRT) = 1.33-2.04. In the 15-150 keV energy band, when detected, the source ha
Published: 2010

9. Coordinated multiwavelength observation of 3C 66A during the WEBT campaign of 2003-2004

Author: Bottcher, M., Harvey, J., Joshi, M., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Bramel, D., Mukherjee, R., Savolainen, T., Cui, W., Fossati, G., Smith, I. A., Able, D., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Arkharov, A. A., Augusteijn, T., Baliyan, K., Barnaby, D., Berdyugin, A., Benitez, E., Boltwood, P., Carini, M., Carosati, D., Ciprini, S., Coloma, J. M., Crapanzano, S., de Diego, J. A., Di Paola, A., Dolci, M., Fan, J., Frasca, A., Hagen-Thorn, V., Horan, D., Ibrahimov, M., Kimeridze, G. N., Kovalev, Y. A., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kurtanidze, O., Lahteenmaki, A., Lanteri, L., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Lindfors, E., Marilli, E., Mirabal, N., Nikolashvili, M., Nilsson, K., Ohlert, J. M., Ohnishi, T., Oksanen, A., Ostorero, L., Oyer, G., Papadakis, I., Pasanen, M., Poteet, C., Pursimo, T., Sadakane, K., Sigua, L. A., Takalo, L., Tartar, J. B., Terasranta, H., Tosti, G., Walters, R., Wiik, K., Wilking, B. A., Wills, W., Xilouris, E., Fletcher, A. B., Gu, M., Lee, C. U., Pak, S., Yim, H. S., Bottcher, M., Harvey, J., Joshi, M., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Bramel, D., Mukherjee, R., Savolainen, T., Cui, W., Fossati, G., Smith, I. A., Able, D., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Arkharov, A. A., Augusteijn, T., Baliyan, K., Barnaby, D., Berdyugin, A., Benitez, E., Boltwood, P., Carini, M., Carosati, D., Ciprini, S., Coloma, J. M., Crapanzano, S., de Diego, J. A., Di Paola, A., Dolci, M., Fan, J., Frasca, A., Hagen-Thorn, V., Horan, D., Ibrahimov, M., Kimeridze, G. N., Kovalev, Y. A., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kurtanidze, O., Lahteenmaki, A., Lanteri, L., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Lindfors, E., Marilli, E., Mirabal, N., Nikolashvili, M., Nilsson, K., Ohlert, J. M., Ohnishi, T., Oksanen, A., Ostorero, L., Oyer, G., Papadakis, I., Pasanen, M., Poteet, C., Pursimo, T., Sadakane, K., Sigua, L. A., Takalo, L., Tartar, J. B., Terasranta, H., Tosti, G., Walters, R., Wiik, K., Wilking, B. A., Wills, W., Xilouris, E., Fletcher, A. B., Gu, M., Lee, C. U., Pak, S., and Yim, H. S.
Abstract: The BL Lac object 3C 66A was the target of an extensive multiwavelength monitoring campaign from 2003 July through 2004 April (with a core campaign from 2003 September to 2003 December) involving observations throughout the electromagnetic spectrum. Radio, infrared, and optical observations were carried out by the WEBT-ENIGMA collaboration. At higher energies, 3C 66Awas observed in X-rays (RXTE), and at very high energy (VHE) in gamma-rays (STACEE, VERITAS). In addition, the source has been observed with the VLBA at nine epochs throughout the period 2003 September to 2004 December, including three epochs contemporaneous with the core campaign. A gradual brightening of the source over the course of the campaign was observed at all optical frequencies, culminating in a very bright maximum around 2004 February 18. The WEBT campaign revealed microvariability with flux changes of similar to 5% on timescales as short as similar to 2 hr. The source was in a relatively bright state, with several bright flares on timescales of several days. The spectral energy distribution (SED) indicates a v F v peak in the optical regime. A weak trend of optical spectral hysteresis with a trend of spectral softening throughout both the rising and decaying phases has been found. On longer timescales, there appears to be a weak indication of a positive hardness-intensity correlation for low optical fluxes, which does not persist at higher flux levels. The 3-10 keV X-ray flux of 3C 66A during the core campaign was historically high and its spectrum very soft, indicating that the low-frequency component of the broadband SED extends beyond similar to 10 keV. No significant X-ray flux and/or spectral variability was detected. STACEE and Whipple observations provided upper flux limits at > 150 and > 390 GeV, respectively. The 22 and 43 GHz data from the three VLBA epochs made between 2003 September and 2004 January indicate a rather smooth jet with only very moderate internal structure. Evidence
Published: 2005

10. Coordinated multiwavelength observation of 3C 66A during the WEBT campaign of 2003-2004

Author: Bottcher, M., Harvey, J., Joshi, M., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Bramel, D., Mukherjee, R., Savolainen, T., Cui, W., Fossati, G., Smith, I. A., Able, D., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Arkharov, A. A., Augusteijn, T., Baliyan, K., Barnaby, D., Berdyugin, A., Benitez, E., Boltwood, P., Carini, M., Carosati, D., Ciprini, S., Coloma, J. M., Crapanzano, S., de Diego, J. A., Di Paola, A., Dolci, M., Fan, J., Frasca, A., Hagen-Thorn, V., Horan, D., Ibrahimov, M., Kimeridze, G. N., Kovalev, Y. A., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kurtanidze, O., Lahteenmaki, A., Lanteri, L., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Lindfors, E., Marilli, E., Mirabal, N., Nikolashvili, M., Nilsson, K., Ohlert, J. M., Ohnishi, T., Oksanen, A., Ostorero, L., Oyer, G., Papadakis, I., Pasanen, M., Poteet, C., Pursimo, T., Sadakane, K., Sigua, L. A., Takalo, L., Tartar, J. B., Terasranta, H., Tosti, G., Walters, R., Wiik, K., Wilking, B. A., Wills, W., Xilouris, E., Fletcher, A. B., Gu, M., Lee, C. U., Pak, S., Yim, H. S., Bottcher, M., Harvey, J., Joshi, M., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Bramel, D., Mukherjee, R., Savolainen, T., Cui, W., Fossati, G., Smith, I. A., Able, D., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Arkharov, A. A., Augusteijn, T., Baliyan, K., Barnaby, D., Berdyugin, A., Benitez, E., Boltwood, P., Carini, M., Carosati, D., Ciprini, S., Coloma, J. M., Crapanzano, S., de Diego, J. A., Di Paola, A., Dolci, M., Fan, J., Frasca, A., Hagen-Thorn, V., Horan, D., Ibrahimov, M., Kimeridze, G. N., Kovalev, Y. A., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kurtanidze, O., Lahteenmaki, A., Lanteri, L., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Lindfors, E., Marilli, E., Mirabal, N., Nikolashvili, M., Nilsson, K., Ohlert, J. M., Ohnishi, T., Oksanen, A., Ostorero, L., Oyer, G., Papadakis, I., Pasanen, M., Poteet, C., Pursimo, T., Sadakane, K., Sigua, L. A., Takalo, L., Tartar, J. B., Terasranta, H., Tosti, G., Walters, R., Wiik, K., Wilking, B. A., Wills, W., Xilouris, E., Fletcher, A. B., Gu, M., Lee, C. U., Pak, S., and Yim, H. S.
Abstract: The BL Lac object 3C 66A was the target of an extensive multiwavelength monitoring campaign from 2003 July through 2004 April (with a core campaign from 2003 September to 2003 December) involving observations throughout the electromagnetic spectrum. Radio, infrared, and optical observations were carried out by the WEBT-ENIGMA collaboration. At higher energies, 3C 66Awas observed in X-rays (RXTE), and at very high energy (VHE) in gamma-rays (STACEE, VERITAS). In addition, the source has been observed with the VLBA at nine epochs throughout the period 2003 September to 2004 December, including three epochs contemporaneous with the core campaign. A gradual brightening of the source over the course of the campaign was observed at all optical frequencies, culminating in a very bright maximum around 2004 February 18. The WEBT campaign revealed microvariability with flux changes of similar to 5% on timescales as short as similar to 2 hr. The source was in a relatively bright state, with several bright flares on timescales of several days. The spectral energy distribution (SED) indicates a v F v peak in the optical regime. A weak trend of optical spectral hysteresis with a trend of spectral softening throughout both the rising and decaying phases has been found. On longer timescales, there appears to be a weak indication of a positive hardness-intensity correlation for low optical fluxes, which does not persist at higher flux levels. The 3-10 keV X-ray flux of 3C 66A during the core campaign was historically high and its spectrum very soft, indicating that the low-frequency component of the broadband SED extends beyond similar to 10 keV. No significant X-ray flux and/or spectral variability was detected. STACEE and Whipple observations provided upper flux limits at > 150 and > 390 GeV, respectively. The 22 and 43 GHz data from the three VLBA epochs made between 2003 September and 2004 January indicate a rather smooth jet with only very moderate internal structure. Evidence
Published: 2005

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1. Insights into the high-energy gamma-ray emission of markarian 501 from extensive multifrequency observations in the Fermi era

2. Multi-wavelength observations of the flaring gamma-ray blazar 3C 66A in 2008 October

3. Multi-wavelength observations of the flaring gamma-ray blazar 3C 66A in 2008 October

4. Insights into the high-energy gamma-ray emission of markarian 501 from extensive multifrequency observations in the Fermi era

5. Fermi large area telescope and multi-wavelength observations of the flaring activity of PKS 1510-089 between 2008 September and 2009 June

6. Multiwavelength observations of 3C 454.3. III. Eighteen months of agile monitoring of the 'Crazy Diamond'

7. Fermi large area telescope and multi-wavelength observations of the flaring activity of PKS 1510-089 between 2008 September and 2009 June

8. Multiwavelength observations of 3C 454.3. III. Eighteen months of agile monitoring of the 'Crazy Diamond'

9. Coordinated multiwavelength observation of 3C 66A during the WEBT campaign of 2003-2004

10. Coordinated multiwavelength observation of 3C 66A during the WEBT campaign of 2003-2004

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