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This paper evaluates the trend pattern of India's Foreign Trade during the pre- and post-liberalization periods. Further, the study is mainly based on the secondary data collected from published sources. To study the impact of the foreign trade, data relating to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), one of the most important economic indicators, has been collected for the period of 54 years that include pre- and post-liberalization periods. For analysis, statistical tools like multiple regression method, ANOVA, and Durbin Waston autocorrelation tests are applied. The results revealed that country's foreign trade increased consistently during pre- and post-liberalization periods, but it increased more during the post-liberalization period compared to pre-liberalization period. During the study period, the growth rate of imports was more than the growth rate of exports. This led to deficit in the balance of payment of the country. The volume of trade and GDP has been increasing year by year. A positive and increasing trend during the period of study has also been observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is a developing country and considered to be world's fastest-growing economy. Though India has witnessed tremendous progress since Independence, the country is still working on providing the basic infrastructure in the rural areas. Geographically, it is the seventh largest country in the world. Based on the gross domestic product, it is also 7th largest. The country is poised to become the third largest by 2030. Concurrently, 70% of the population living in rural areas is below the poverty line of which tribals living in the villages form the greatest pie. This paper is an attempt to study the living and working conditions of tribal labour with a focus on Koraput district, Odisha. A research study is undertaken to study the working and living conditions of tribal labour like drinking water and shelter. Further, an attempt is made to capture their source of income and expenditure pattern. Based on the first-hand information, the study provides findings and suggestions for the better improvement of lives of tribal labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The factors that cause Economic growth are varied and diverse. Theory has however managed to identify certain key factors, of which finance is one. In recent years, there have been studies using econometric time-series analysis to study the short-run and long-run relationships between finance and growth, for various countries. This paper is a study of the Indian economy, where we try to determine the causal relationship between bank credit and economic growth. Data from 1972 to 2012 for the Indian economy has been used for this study. The results suggest that provision of bank credit leads to economic growth. However, an increase in economic growth may not lead to further provision of bank credit in the economy. In other words, there is unidirectional causality from bank credit to growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper empirically investigates the co-integrating relationship between India's financial development and its economic growth. Whereas economic growth has been taken to be natural log of India's GDP; natural log of domestic credit to private sector has been considered as the proxy for financial development variable. The methodology employed has been autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing c-integration approach, and we have analysed log transformed yearly data for the 58-year period, i.e., 1960-2017. First the two time series were checked for unit root both at level and 1st difference and the test employed was Perron (1997) Unit root test with a single break. Then, the ARDL test was carried out with the two variables; Log GDP and Log Domestic Credit to Private Sector. Further model optimality model was tested using both AIC and SC criteria and model stability using CUSUM Plots. Also, ACF and PACF Plots along with 'Q' statistics results were used in the study for detection of serial correlation. The results of the study revealed positive co-integrating relation between India's economic growth and financial development when GDP was taken as dependent variable under ARDL Breakpoint Model. The 'F' statistics of this model was 39.02885 which was significantly higher than the upper bound limit as given in both Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., and Smith, R. J. (2001) and also Narayan (2004) tables. The ECM term was negative and statistically significant and time to achieve long-run equilibrium was approximately 17 ½ years. On the other hand, when dependent variable was domestic credit to private sector, no co-integration was detected in the results as the computed 'F' value of 2.917512 was less than the lower bound. Further, no serial correlation was noticed even at lag 10, when the same was checked by ACF and PACF Plots supported by 'Q' statistics. The model was found to be stable using CUSUM Stability plot and the long-term results of the ARDL model for both the variables were found to be quite robust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]