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Objective: To investigate the effects of brucea javanica emulsion injection on quality of life, tumor markers and recurrence and metastasis indexes in patients with colorectal cancer after radical resection. Methods: 78 cases colorectal cancer after radical resection admitted to our hospital from October 2018 to March 2020, then divided into control group and observation group according to the principle of voluntary treatment and tolerance of patients, with 39 patients in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional chemotherapy, while patients in the observation group were treated with brucea javanica injection on the basis of conventional chemotherapy, with a course of 14 days as a continuous treatment for 12 courses. The clinical effects of the two groups of patients after treatment were observed, and the changes of Karnofsky scores, tumor markers (serum CEA, saccharide antigen 199 (CA-199),neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and recurrence and metastasis indicators (transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-β1), Smad4, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) levels before and after treatment were statistically analyzed. Results: Both the observation group and the control group could improve the quality of life of patients. After treatment, the comparative analysis of the two groups showed that the observation group had more significant increase in KPS score (P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in tumor markers and recurrence and metastasis indexes between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, tumor markers CEA,CA-199 and NSE in the two groups were all reduced, and the reduction degree of patients in the observation group was more statistically significant than that in the control group (P<0.05); The positive rates of TGF-β1 and VEGF in the observation group were reduced, while the positive rates of Smad4 were increased, there were statistically significant differences between the reduction or increase degree of each indicator in the observation group and the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Brucea javanica oil emulsion injection is used as adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients. Compared with conventional chemotherapy, the quality of life of patients is improved, the possibility of recurrence and metastasis is reduced. Therefore, it is a clinically worthy adjuvant chemotherapy method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]