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In this second part of the Review Article on craniosynostosis, different types of syndromatic craniosynostosis are analyzed along with clinical and imaging aspects and, in known cases, embryogenetic alterations. Different types of treatments are also described for both syndromic and nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. These range from the classic surgical treatments for achieving brain decompression, restoring the anatomy and providing the highest degree of aesthetics for the child. Last, but not least, information on cutting-edge treatments such as techniques in tissue engineering, use of bioabsorbable bone distractors and even endoscopic surgical systems are included. It is expected that in the near future there should be a greater number of publications that report the success of these new techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Craniosynostoses are defined as closure, ossification and sclerosis of one or more cranial sutures. This condition causes different grades of brain compression, intracranial hypertension and detriment of intellectual coefficient and vision. In the first part of this review article, an overview of the history of craniosynostosis is presented from prehistorical times through the subsequent centuries, culminating with the French and Mexican experience. The Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez series are also presented. Following this, the biological bases are summarized including embryogenetic, epidemiological and etiological features, as well as pathophysiological, clinical and imaging aspects. Finally, seven different types of nonsyndromatic craniosynostoses are analyzed including those with one or more sutures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Craniosynostoses are defined as closure, ossification and sclerosis of one or more cranial sutures. This condition causes different grades of brain compression, intracranial hypertension and detriment of intellectual coefficient and vision. In the first part of this review article, an overview of the history of craniosynostosis is presented from prehistorical times through the subsequent centuries, culminating with the French and Mexican experience. The Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez series are also presented. Following this, the biological bases are summarized including embryogenetic, epidemiological and etiological features, as well as pathophysiological, clinical and imaging aspects. Finally, seven different types of nonsyndromatic craniosynostoses are analyzed including those with one or more sutures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Pediatric intracranial tumors (PIC) make up the most frequent solid neoplastic pathology in children. We present an analysis of the experience of Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez (HIMFG), in Mexico City, over the course of 36 years in this regard. Material and methods. Cases from the archives of the Department of Clinical Records, Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Pathology at HIMFG were used for this analysis. Results were compared to data published by the Hospital for Sick Children of Toronto (HSCT) and by Instituto Nacional de Pediatria (INP) in Mexico City. Results. Of 810 cases reviewed at HIMFG, 55% belonged to the male gender. By age, older-infant and grade-school-children cases predominated (> 50%). Of those, 397 cases were supratentorial and 413 infratentorial. Most frequent tumors were: astrocytomas (23%), medulloblastomas (19%), craniopharyngiomas (11%) and ependymomas (10%). Fifth place was occupied by germinomas (4%). Mixed gliomas, meningiomas, primitive neuroectodermal tumors and ependymoblastomas were the last (1 to 3%). Conclusions. At HIMFG, the most frequent tumour types were: astrocytomas, medulloblastomas, craniopharyngiomas and ependymomas. Since the 70s, on the number of patients presenting with intracranial tumors at HIMFG has grown exponentially, and the amount carried out till now at this hospital parallels, or slightly exceeds, that carried out at similar institutions in Mexico and abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]