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Your search keyword '"Robert M. Cronin"' showing total 2 results
Start Over Author "Robert M. Cronin" Publisher public library of science (plos)
2 results on '"Robert M. Cronin"'

1. Diversity and inclusion for the All of Us research program: A scoping review.

Author

Brandy M Mapes, Christopher S Foster, Sheila V Kusnoor, Marcia I Epelbaum, Mona AuYoung, Gwynne Jenkins, Maria Lopez-Class, Dara Richardson-Heron, Ahmed Elmi, Karl Surkan, Robert M Cronin, Consuelo H Wilkins, Eliseo J Pérez-Stable, Eric Dishman, Joshua C Denny, Joni L Rutter, and All of Us Research Program

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

The All of Us Research Program (All of Us) is a national effort to accelerate health research by exploring the relationship between lifestyle, environment, and genetics. It is set to become one of the largest research efforts in U.S. history, aiming to build a national resource of data from at least one million participants. All of Us aims to address the need for more diversity in research and set the stage for that diversity to be leveraged in precision medicine research to come. This paper describes how the program assessed demographic characteristics of participants who have enrolled in other U.S. biomedical research cohorts to better understand which groups are traditionally represented or underrepresented in biomedical research. We 1) reviewed the enrollment characteristics of national cohort studies like All of Us, and 2) surveyed the literature, focusing on key diversity categories essential to the program's enrollment aims. Based on these efforts, All of Us emphasizes enrollment of racial and ethnic minorities, and has formally designated the following additional groups as historically underrepresented: individuals-with inadequate access to medical care; under the age of 18 or over 65; with an annual household income at or below 200% of the federal poverty level; who have a cognitive or physical disability; have less than a high school education or equivalent; are intersex; identify as a sexual or gender minority; or live in rural or non-metropolitan areas. Research accounting for wider demographic variability is critical. Only by ensuring diversity and by addressing the very barriers that limit it, can we position All of Us to better understand and tackle health disparities.

Published
2020
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2. Importance of missingness in baseline variables: A case study of the All of Us Research Program

Author

Robert M. Cronin, Xiaoke Feng, Lina Sulieman, Brandy Mapes, Shawn Garbett, Ashley Able, Ryan Hale, Mick P. Couper, Heather Sansbury, Brian K. Ahmedani, and Qingxia Chen

Subjects
Multidisciplinary
Abstract

Objective The All of Us Research Program collects data from multiple information sources, including health surveys, to build a national longitudinal research repository that researchers can use to advance precision medicine. Missing survey responses pose challenges to study conclusions. We describe missingness in All of Us baseline surveys. Study design and setting We extracted survey responses between May 31, 2017, to September 30, 2020. Missing percentages for groups historically underrepresented in biomedical research were compared to represented groups. Associations of missing percentages with age, health literacy score, and survey completion date were evaluated. We used negative binomial regression to evaluate participant characteristics on the number of missed questions out of the total eligible questions for each participant. Results The dataset analyzed contained data for 334,183 participants who submitted at least one baseline survey. Almost all (97.0%) of the participants completed all baseline surveys, and only 541 (0.2%) participants skipped all questions in at least one of the baseline surveys. The median skip rate was 5.0% of the questions, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 2.5% to 7.9%. Historically underrepresented groups were associated with higher missingness (incidence rate ratio (IRR) [95% CI]: 1.26 [1.25, 1.27] for Black/African American compared to White). Missing percentages were similar by survey completion date, participant age, and health literacy score. Skipping specific questions were associated with higher missingness (IRRs [95% CI]: 1.39 [1.38, 1.40] for skipping income, 1.92 [1.89, 1.95] for skipping education, 2.19 [2.09–2.30] for skipping sexual and gender questions). Conclusion Surveys in the All of Us Research Program will form an essential component of the data researchers can use to perform their analyses. Missingness was low in All of Us baseline surveys, but group differences exist. Additional statistical methods and careful analysis of surveys could help mitigate challenges to the validity of conclusions.

Published
2023
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