1. Outdoor particulate matter (PM10) exposure and lung cancer risk in the EAGLE study
- Author
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Giorgia Randi, Francesco Nordio, Dario Consonni, Angela Cecilia Pesatori, Martina Bazzano, Pier Alberto Bertazzi, Margaret A. Tucker, Michele Carugno, Neil E. Caporaso, Sara De Matteis, Maria Teresa Landi, and Jay H. Lubin
- Subjects
Male ,Lung Neoplasms ,Passive smoking ,IMPACT ,Eagles ,lcsh:Medicine ,010501 environmental sciences ,medicine.disease_cause ,Logistic regression ,01 natural sciences ,Lung and Intrathoracic Tumors ,Geographical locations ,Habits ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,0302 clinical medicine ,Adenocarcinomas ,Epidemiology ,Odds Ratio ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Smoking Habits ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,OCCUPATIONAL CARCINOGENS ,lcsh:Science ,General Environmental Science ,GENERAL-POPULATION ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,AIR-POLLUTION EXPOSURE ,biology ,AUTHORS RESPONSE ,Eukaryota ,Squamous Cell Carcinomas ,Particulates ,Pollution ,LONG-TERM EXPOSURE ,Multidisciplinary Sciences ,Europe ,Oncology ,Italy ,Vertebrates ,Physical Sciences ,Cohort ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Science & Technology - Other Topics ,Engineering and Technology ,Female ,Statistics (Mathematics) ,Research Article ,Cohort study ,Eagle ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Environmental Engineering ,General Science & Technology ,Population ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Carcinomas ,Birds ,03 medical and health sciences ,Air Pollution ,biology.animal ,Environmental health ,REGRESSION ,MD Multidisciplinary ,Confidence Intervals ,Humans ,Animals ,COHORT ,European Union ,Statistical Methods ,Lung cancer ,education ,METAANALYSIS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Behavior ,Science & Technology ,Raptors ,business.industry ,MORTALITY ,lcsh:R ,Organisms ,Case-control study ,Cancers and Neoplasms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,respiratory tract diseases ,Case-Control Studies ,Amniotes ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Particulate Matter ,lcsh:Q ,People and places ,business ,Mathematics ,Meta-Analysis ,Demography - Abstract
Objective Cohort studies in Europe, but not in North-America, showed an association between exposure to outdoor particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM10) and lung cancer risk. Only a case-control study on lung cancer and PM10 in South Korea has so far been performed. For the first time in Europe we analyzed quantitatively this association using a case-control study design in highly polluted areas in Italy. Methods The Environment And Genetics in Lung cancer Etiology (EAGLE) study, a population-based case-control study performed in the period 2002-2005 in the Lombardy Region, north-west Italy, enrolled 2099 cases and 2120 controls frequency-matched for area of residence, gender, and age. For this study we selected subjects with complete active and passive smoking history living in the same municipality since 1980 until study enrollment. Fine resolution annual PM10 estimates obtained by applying land use regression modeling to satellite data calibrated with fixed site monitor measurements were used. We assigned each subject the PM10 average estimates for year 2000 based on enrollment address. We used logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for matching variables, education, smoking, and dietary and occupational variables. Results We included 3473 subjects, 1665 cases (1318 men, 347 women) and 1808 controls (1368 men, 440 women), with PM10 individual levels ranging from 2.3 to 53.8 μg/m3 (mean: 46.3). We found increasing lung cancer risk with increasing PM10 category (P-value for trend: 0.04). The OR per 10 μg/m3 was 1.28 (95% CI: 0.95-1.72). The association appeared stronger for squamous cell carcinoma (OR 1.44, 95% CI: 0.90-2.29). Conclusion In a population living in highly polluted areas in Italy, our study added suggestive evidence of a positive association between PM10 exposure and lung cancer risk. This study emphasizes the need to strengthen policies to reduce airborne pollution.
- Published
- 2018