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PurposeSilicone oil (SO) is commonly used for tamponade purposes in retinal detachment (RD) surgery, but the long-term visual prognosis after removal of the oil, and in particular, what is known about the recurrence of RD after SO removal, remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term vision prognosis after SO removal, and to understand the frequency and characteristics of RD recurrence.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 1017 eyes of patients with a diagnosis of RD who had a pars plana vitrectomy with SO tamponade between January 2009 and December 2018. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was obatained before and after vitrectomy and also at the last visit. After SO removal, the group who showed improvement in visual acuity and the group who did not were compared. The anatomical results were compared between the group in which the retina was detached again after SO removal and the group in which the retina was not detached. To determine whether the duration of SO tamponade affects RD recurrence, further analysis was performed by dividing subgroups according to SO tamponade duration. RD recurrence, visual acuity, SO tamponade period were investigated.ResultsMean follow-up period was 56.65 ± 72.02 months. An average SO tamponade period was 6.68 ± 11.39 months. The average logMAR BCVA was 1.75 ± 0.91 before SO injection, 1.60 ± 0.75 before SO removal and 1.29 ± 0.96 after the removal. After SO removal, 926 of the 1017 (91.1%) patients had well attached retina without recurrence. There was no significant difference in visual acuity before SO removal in re-detachment group compared to no re-detachment group, but visual acuity of re-detachment group was worse than no re-detachment group after SO removal (pConclusionThe prognosis for final vision is generally good when performing surgery using SO in RD, but considering the complications that arise after surgery, long-term retention of SO is not recommended and the timing of SO removal should be considered.

PurposeTo evaluate the choriocapillaris (CC) flow changes in branched retinal vascular obstruction (BRVO) on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsRetrospective analysis of 29 patients with unilateral BRVO (58 eyes, including unaffected fellow eyes for controls). 4.5 x 4.5 mm macular scans were divided into 4 quadrants. Serial analyses were conducted on CC flow voids of the opposite quadrant to the active occluded area in BRVO eyes. Each of the quadrants were also compared to the occluded quadrant of resolved eyes and the contralateral quadrant of fellow eyes by matched data analysis. A regression analysis was performed on the several parameters (Choroidal thickness; CT, Choroidal vascularity index; CVI, Central macular thickness; CMT, The number of intravitreal injections) and CC flow voids.ResultsThe CC flow void increased sequentially: The uninvolved quadrant of acute BRVO-affected eyes, that of resolved eyes after 3-month/1-year, the contralateral quadrant of fellow eye, the involved (occluded) quadrant of resolved eyes. There were significant correlations between initial CMT, the number of injections and the CC flow void of uninvolved quadrants (P = 0.025, 0.031, respectively), and between the involved (occluded) quadrants and fellow CT (P = 0.029).ConclusionCC flow void of uninvolved macular areas decreased significantly in eyes with acute BRVO, suggesting that CC changes were limited to the blocked area and a compensatory mechanism would work in surrounding areas.

PurposeTo analyze choroidal structure using subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in Macular Telangiectasia (MacTel) type 2.MethodsMedical records of 43 eyes with MacTel type 2 and 30 sex and age-matched healthy eyes were retrospectively reviewed. Their SFCT and CVI were measured using the SS-OCT scan passing through the central fovea and image binarization. The difference in baseline SFCT and CVI from each group and their yearly changes up to second year of follow up were analyzed. The baseline characteristics of the groups were also compared.ResultsThe baseline characteristics, including CVI and SFCT, of the MacTel group and the control group were not significantly different, except for BCVA. The mean CVI of MacTel group were 64.59 ± 2.92%, 63.76 ± 2.67%, and 62.97 ± 2.74% (p < 0.001) whereas that of control group were 63.33 ± 2.45%, 63.04 ± 2.46%, and 63.43 ± 2.25% (p = 0.636) at baseline, 1 and 2 years, respectively. The mean SFCT of MacTel group were 324.65 ± 89.65μm, 326.14 ± 93.11μm, and 322.65 ± 91.77μm (p = 0.436), whereas that of control group were 304.30 ± 51.86 μm, 300.86 ± 52.64μm, and 298.55 ± 53.71μm (p = 0.275) at baseline, 1 and 2 years, respectively.ConclusionCVI decreases at a faster rate in MacTel type 2 in comparison with healthy subjects. This may suggest possible choroidal involvement in the progression of MacTel type 2.

PurposeTo evaluate the incidence and risk factors of neovascularization in unaffected fellow eyes of patients diagnosed with type 3 neovascularization in Korea.MethodsThis retrospective study included 93 unaffected fellow eyes of 93 patients diagnosed with type 3 neovascularization. For initial type 3 neovascularization diagnosis, optical coherence tomography and angiography were conducted. These baseline data were compared between patients with and without neovascularization in their fellow eyes during the follow-up period.ResultsThe mean follow-up period was 66.1±31.1 months. Neovascularization developed in 49 (52.8%) fellow eyes after a mean period of 29.5±19.6 months. In the fellow eye neovascularization group, the incidence of soft drusen and reticular pseudodrusen was significantly higher than that in the non-neovascularization group (83.7% vs. 36.5%, pConclusionNeovascularization developed in 52.8% of unaffected fellow eyes. The presence of soft drusen, reticular pseudodrusen, and lower CVI values can be considered risk factors of neovascularization in unaffected fellow eyes of patients with type 3 neovascularization. The lower CVI values suggest that choroidal ischemic change may affect the development of choroidal neovascularization in these patients.