1. Epidemiology of leptospira transmitted by rodents in southeast Asia
- Author
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Jean-François Cosson, Serge Morand, Philippe Buchy, Mathilde Mielcarek, Yupin Suputtamongkol, Mathieu Picardeau, Yannick Chaval, Caroline Tatard, Vincent Herbreteau, Sathaporn Jittapalapong, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose-Centre Collaborateur FAO/OMS pour l'épidémiologie de la leptospirose-Biologie des Spirochètes, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Faculty of Medecine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University [Bangkok], Unité de Virologie, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Kasetsart University, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (KU), Kasetsart University, UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NR BioDivHealth SEA (Local impacts and perceptions of global changes: health, biodiversity and zoonoses in Southeast Asia) [ANR-11-CEPL-002-01], Institut Pasteur, French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS), French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), ANR: ANR-11-CEPL-002-01, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre Collaborateur FAO/OMS pour l'épidémiologie de la leptospirose, Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose - National Reference Center Leptospirosis (CNR), Biologie des Spirochètes / Biology of Spirochetes, Unité de Virologie / Virology Unit [Phnom Penh], Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, ANR-11-CEPL-0002,BiodivHealthSEA,Impacts et perceptions locales des changements globaux : santé, biodiversité et zoonoses en Asie du Sud-Est(2011), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Kasetsart University (KU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
- Subjects
Male ,Veterinary medicine ,Rodent ,Epidemiology ,MESH: Rodentia ,Minisatellite Repeats ,Santé publique ,MESH: Leptospira ,law.invention ,MESH: Genotype ,MESH: Animals ,Animal biology ,Leptospira ,MESH: Leptospirosis ,Leptospirosis ,3. Good health ,Épidémiologie ,Veterinary Diseases ,Habitat ,Laos ,Forêt ,Leptospira interrogans ,L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Genotype ,Rizière ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Médecine humaine et pathologie ,Rodentia ,Locus (genetics) ,Leptospirose ,Biodiversity and Ecology ,biology.animal ,Biologie animale ,Humans ,espèce réservoir ,MESH: Molecular Epidemiology ,maladie humaine ,MESH: Prevalence ,MESH: Disease Reservoirs ,MESH: Molecular Sequence Data ,MESH: Humans ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Biology and Life Sciences ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,15. Life on land ,Tropical Diseases ,medicine.disease ,MESH: DNA, Bacterial ,Molecular Typing ,MESH: Minisatellite Repeats ,Veterinary Science ,Human health and pathology ,Rongeur ,MESH: Female ,Sciences agricoles ,Bacterial Diseases ,[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,Identification ,MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Biodiversité et Ecologie ,L73 - Maladies des animaux ,Rodent Diseases ,Espèce ,law ,Zoonoses ,Prevalence ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Polymerase chain reaction ,2. Zero hunger ,Molecular Epidemiology ,biology ,MESH: Molecular Typing ,[SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Thailand ,Agricultural sciences ,Infectious Diseases ,asie du sud-est ,S50 - Santé humaine ,Female ,Cambodia ,MESH: Zoonoses ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,DNA, Bacterial ,zoonose ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Environmental Epidemiology ,Maladie de l'homme ,medicine ,Animals ,MESH: Thailand ,Transmission des maladies ,Disease Reservoirs ,Population Biology ,MESH: Cambodia ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Morbidité ,biology.organism_classification ,MESH: Male ,MESH: Laos ,MESH: Rodent Diseases ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology - Abstract
Background Leptospirosis is the most common bacterial zoonoses and has been identified as an important emerging global public health problem in Southeast Asia. Rodents are important reservoirs for human leptospirosis, but epidemiological data is lacking. Methodology/Principal Findings We sampled rodents living in different habitats from seven localities distributed across Southeast Asia (Thailand, Lao PDR and Cambodia), between 2009 to 2010. Human isolates were also obtained from localities close to where rodents were sampled. The prevalence of Leptospira infection was assessed by real-time PCR using DNA extracted from rodent kidneys, targeting the lipL32 gene. Sequencing rrs and secY genes, and Multi Locus Variable-number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) analyses were performed on DNA extracted from rat kidneys for Leptospira isolates molecular typing. Four species were detected in rodents, L. borgpetersenii (56% of positive samples), L. interrogans (36%), L. kirschneri (3%) and L. weilli (2%), which were identical to human isolates. Mean prevalence in rodents was approximately 7%, and largely varied across localities and habitats, but not between rodent species. The two most abundant Leptospira species displayed different habitat requirements: L. interrogans was linked to humid habitats (rice fields and forests) while L. borgpetersenii was abundant in both humid and dry habitats (non-floodable lands). Conclusion/Significance L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii species are widely distributed amongst rodent populations, and strain typing confirmed rodents as reservoirs for human leptospirosis. Differences in habitat requirements for L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii supported differential transmission modes. In Southeast Asia, human infection risk is not only restricted to activities taking place in wetlands and rice fields as is commonly accepted, but should also include tasks such as forestry work, as well as the hunting and preparation of rodents for consumption, which deserve more attention in future epidemiological studies., Author Summary Leptospirosis is the most prevalent bacterial zoonosis worldwide. Rodents are believed to be the main reservoirs of Leptospira, yet little epidemiological research has been conducted on rodents from Southeast Asia. Previous studies suggest that activities which place humans in microenvironments shared by rodents increase the probability of contracting leptospirosis. We therefore investigated the circulation of leptospiral species and strains in rodent communities and human populations in seven localities scattered throughout Southeast Asia; in Thailand, Lao PDR and Cambodia. Molecular typing assays were used to characterize leptospiral species and strains in both rodents and humans, which demonstrated common strains between humans and rodents. Additionally, we observed that the two most abundant leptospiral species; L. borgpetersenii and L. interrogans, have different habitat requirements, which supposes different modes of transmission. Lastly, in Southeast Asia, the risk of leptospiral transmission to humans is not solely limited to wetlands and rice paddy fields, but is also linked to forested areas, and activities such as the hunting and/or preparation of rodents for consumption.
- Published
- 2014
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