1. Optoelectronic system for brain neuronal network stimulation
- Author
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Mikhail A. Mishchenko, S. A. Gerasimova, Alexander N. Pisarchik, A.V. Lebedeva, Victor B. Kazantsev, and Lyubov S. Lepekhina
- Subjects
Optical fiber ,Physiology ,Action Potentials ,lcsh:Medicine ,02 engineering and technology ,Hippocampal formation ,Signal ,Hippocampus ,Synaptic Transmission ,Nervous System ,law.invention ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nerve Fibers ,law ,Animal Cells ,Neural Pathways ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Fiber ,Brain Damage ,lcsh:Science ,Electronic circuit ,Neurons ,Multidisciplinary ,Brain ,Electrophysiology ,Neurology ,Optoelectronics ,Engineering and Technology ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Cellular Types ,Anatomy ,Electrical Engineering ,Research Article ,Materials science ,Neuroprosthetics ,Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures ,Membrane Potential ,Electronic Circuits ,03 medical and health sciences ,Biological neural network ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,Functional Electrical Stimulation ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ,Cell Biology ,Electric Stimulation ,Electronics, Medical ,Rats ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Neuroanatomy ,Cellular Neuroscience ,Signal Processing ,lcsh:Q ,Nerve Net ,business ,Galvanic isolation ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroscience ,Electrical Circuits - Abstract
We propose an optoelectronic system for stimulation of living neurons. The system consists of an electronic circuit based on the FitzHugh-Nagumo model, an optical fiber, and a photoelectrical converter. We used this system for electrical stimulation of hippocampal living neurons in acute hippocampal brain slices (350-μm thick) obtained from a 20-28 days old C57BL/6 mouse or a Wistar rat. The main advantage of our system over other similar stimulators is that it contains an optical fiber for signal transmission instead of metallic wires. The fiber is placed between the electronic circuit and stimulated neurons and provides galvanic isolation from external electrical and magnetic fields. The use of the optical fiber allows avoiding electromagnetic noise and current flows which could affect metallic wires. Furthermore, it gives us the possibility to simulate "synaptic plasticity" by adaptive signal transfer through optical fiber. The proposed optoelectronic system (hybrid neural circuit) provides a very high efficiency in stimulating hippocampus neurons and can be used for restoring brain activity in particular regions or replacing brain parts (neuroprosthetics) damaged due to a trauma or neurodegenerative diseases.
- Published
- 2018