1. Prevalence and risk factors for feather-damaging behavior in psittacine birds: Analysis of a Japanese nationwide survey
- Author
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Kazumasa Ebisawa, Shunya Nakayama, Rie Kinoshita, Hiroshi Koie, and Chungyu Pai
- Subjects
Psittacus erithacus ,Epidemiology ,Social Sciences ,Surveys ,Logistic regression ,Geographical Locations ,0302 clinical medicine ,Parrots ,Japan ,Risk Factors ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Psychology ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Animal Behavior ,Behavior, Animal ,05 social sciences ,Confounding ,Eukaryota ,Research Design ,Vertebrates ,Research Article ,Pyrrhura ,Cacatua ,Asia ,Science ,Cockatoos ,Animal Sexual Behavior ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Birds ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animals ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Behavior ,Survey Research ,business.industry ,Bird Diseases ,Case-control study ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Odds ratio ,biology.organism_classification ,Logistic Models ,Medical Risk Factors ,Case-Control Studies ,Amniotes ,People and Places ,Multivariate Analysis ,Conure ,business ,Zoology ,Demography ,Budgerigars - Abstract
A case control study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of feather-damaging behavior and evaluate the correlation with risk factors among pet psittacine birds in Japan. Although feather-damaging behavior among pet parrots is frequently observed in Japan, its prevalence and potential risk factors have not been investigated. Therefore, we conducted an online questionnaire survey on parrot owners throughout Japan to examine regional differences in feather-damaging behavior and associated risk factors. In total, 2,331 valid responses were obtained. The prevalence of feather-damaging behavior was 11.7%, in general agreement with prior studies. The highest prevalence was among Cockatoos (Cacatua spp., etc.; 30.6%), followed by Lovebirds (Agapornis spp.; 24.5%) and African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus; 23.7%). Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) for potential risk factors and adjust the confounding of the variables. The odds of feather-damaging behavior were significantly higher for Conures (Aratinga spp., Pyrrhura spp., Thectocercus acuticaudatus, Cyanoliseus patagonus) (ORadj = 2.55, P = 0.005), Pacific parrotlets (Forpus coelestis) (ORadj = 3.96, P < 0.001), African grey parrots (ORadj = 6.74, P < 0.001), Lovebirds (ORadj = 6.79, P < 0.001) and Cockatoos (ORadj = 9.46, P < 0.001) than Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), and for young adults (ORadj = 1.81, P = 0.038) and adults (ORadj = 3.17, P < 0.001) than young birds, and for signs of separation anxiety (ORadj = 1.81, P < 0.001). Species, bird age and signs of separation anxiety were significantly higher risk factors for feather-damaging behavior than any other potential risk factors. Our findings, which include broad species diversity, are a good source of data for predicting risk factors for feather-damaging behavior and could be useful in preventing declines in welfare.
- Published
- 2021