1. Pandemic Vaccine Preparedness—Have We Left Something Behind?
- Author
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Elisa Vicenzi, Ilaria Capua, Anna Kajaste-Rudnitski, and Elena Bertoli
- Subjects
Change over time ,lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Adult ,Opinion ,Immunology ,Disaster Planning ,Biology ,Virology/Immune Evasion ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Haemagglutination inhibition ,Disease Outbreaks ,Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype ,Seasonal influenza ,Birds ,Vaccine strain ,Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ,Virology ,Pandemic ,Influenza, Human ,Genetics ,Influenza A virus ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Antigens, Viral ,Virology/Vaccines ,Viral Vaccine ,Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ,Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ,Middle Aged ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Influenza Vaccines ,Preparedness ,Influenza in Birds ,Parasitology ,lcsh:RC581-607 - Abstract
There are significant antigenic differences within subtypes that change over time as these viruses evolve, and this requires a semi-annual review and frequent update of vaccine strain candidates for human seasonal influenza vaccines. The degree of relatedness between the strains contained in the seasonal vaccine and the drifted strains that are isolated the following year is assessed through cross haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. If the results of these tests suggest that cross HI levels are low, the vaccine is updated to include the most recent strains. We reasoned that if a semi-annual review of the antigenic characteristics of human H1 and H3 viruses is necessary
- Published
- 2009