7 results on '"Bates TC"'
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2. Relational models theory: Validation and replication for four fundamental relationships.
- Author
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Zakharin M and Bates TC
- Subjects
- Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Psychometrics, Interpersonal Relations, Group Processes
- Abstract
Relational models theory predicts that social relationships are formed from four underlying psychological models: communal sharing, authority ranking, equality matching, and market pricing. Here, in four studies, we test this four-factor model using the 33-item Modes of Relationships Questionnaire (MORQ). In Study 1, we administered the MORQ to N = 347 subjects. A parallel analysis supported the four-factor structure, but several items failed to load on their predicted target factors. In Study 2 (N = 617), we developed a well-fitting four-factor model of the MORQ with a total of 20 items (five items retained for each factor). This model replicated across multiple relationships reported by each subject. In Study 3, we replicated the model in an independent dataset (N = 615). A general factor associated with relationship type was required in both Study 2 and Study 3. In Study 4, we tested the nature of this general factor, finding that it was associated with the closeness of the relationship. The results support the Relational Models four-factor structure of social relationships. Given the mature theory and applications in a wide range of disciplines, from social to organisational psychology, we hope that this compact, valid, and interpretable instrument leads to increased usage of the scale., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Zakharin, Bates. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.) more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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3. Free to choose: Mutualist motives for partner choice, proportional division, punishment, and help.
- Author
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Lin CA and Bates TC
- Subjects
- Motivation, Reproducibility of Results, Surveys and Questionnaires, Punishment, Symbiosis
- Abstract
Mutualism-the disposition to cooperate in ways that benefit both actor and recipient-has been proposed as a key construct in the evolution of cooperation, with distinct adaptations for 1) partner choice, 2) division, 3) punishment, and 4) helping. However, no psychological validation of this 4-fold psychological structure exists, and no measure of the trait is available. To fill this need, in two pre-registered studies (total N = 902), we: (A) Develop and administer items assessing each of the four mutualist adaptations; (B) Show good fit to the predicted four factor model; (C) Demonstrate reliability and stability across time; (D) Evidence discriminant validity from existing constructs, including compassion and utilitarianism; (E) Establish external validity by predicting proportional choices in catch division, opposition to partner coercion, and reduced support for redistribution; and (F) Replicate each of these findings. Jointly, these results support the validity of mutualism, including a motive to maintain the freedom to choose, and provide reliable scales for use in integrating, further developing, and applying mutualism., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Remapping the foundations of morality: Well-fitting structural model of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire.
- Author
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Zakharin M and Bates TC
- Subjects
- Ethical Theory, Humans, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Models, Structural, Morals
- Abstract
Moral foundations theory posits five moral foundations, however 5-factor models provide poor fit to the data. Here, in five studies, each with large samples (total N = 11,496), we construct and replicate a well-fitting model of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ). In study 1 (N = 2,271) we tested previously theorised models, confirming none provide adequate fit. We then developed a well-fitting model of the MFQ. In this model, the fairness/reciprocity and harm/care foundations were preserved intact. The binding foundations, however, divided into five, rather than the original three foundations. Purity/sanctity split into independent foundations of purity and sanctity. Similarly, Ingroup/loyalty divided into independent factors of loyalty to clan and loyalty to country. Authority/respect was re-focussed on hierarchy, losing one item to the new sanctity foundation and another into loyalty to country. In addition to these 7 foundations, higher-level factors of binding and individualizing were supported, along with a general/acquiescence factor. Finally, a "moral tilt" factor corresponding to coordinated left-leaning vs. right-leaning moral patterns was supported. We validated the model in four additional studies, testing replication of the 7-foundation model in data including from US, Australia, and China (total N = 9,225). The model replicated with good fit found in all four samples. These findings demonstrate the first well-fitting replicable model of the MFQ. They also highlight the importance of modelling measurement structure, and reveal important additional foundations, and structure (binding, individualizing, tilt) above the foundations., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The Association between Neuroticism and Heart Rate Variability Is Not Fully Explained by Cardiovascular Disease and Depression.
- Author
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Čukić I and Bates TC
- Subjects
- Adult, Cohort Studies, Humans, Male, Neuroticism, United States, Anxiety Disorders physiopathology, Cardiovascular Diseases physiopathology, Depression physiopathology, Heart Rate
- Abstract
Neuroticism is associated with cardiovascular disease, autonomic reactivity, and depression. Here we address the extent to which neuroticism accounts for the excess heart disease risk associated with depression and test whether cardiac autonomic tone plays a role as mediator. Subjects were derived from a nationally representative sample (n = 1,255: mean age 54.5, SD = 11.5). Higher neuroticism was associated with reduced heart rate variability equally under rest and stress. The baseline structural equation model revealed significant paths from neuroticism to heart rate variability, cardiovascular disease and depression, and between depression and cardiovascular disease, controlling for age, sex, height, weight, and BMI. Dropping both the neuroticism to heart rate variability, and neuroticism to heart disease paths significantly reduced the model fit (p < .001 in each case). We conclude that neuroticism has independent associations with both autonomic reactivity and cardiovascular disease, over and above its associations with depression and other related variables. more...
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Facial width-to-height ratio relates to alpha status and assertive personality in capuchin monkeys.
- Author
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Lefevre CE, Wilson VA, Morton FB, Brosnan SF, Paukner A, and Bates TC
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Zoo, Behavior, Animal, Female, Male, Sex Characteristics, Sexual Maturation, Assertiveness, Cebus anatomy & histology, Cebus psychology, Face anatomy & histology, Social Dominance
- Abstract
Social dominance hierarchies play a pivotal role in shaping the behaviour of many species, and sex differences within these hierarchies often exist. To date, however, few physical markers of dominance have been identified. Such markers would be valuable in terms of understanding the etiology of dominant behaviour and changes in social hierarchies over time. Animals may also use such traits to evaluate the potential dominance of others relative to themselves (i.e. a physical "cue"). Facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR), for example, has been suggested as a cue to dominance in humans, with links to both dominant behaviour and the perception of dominance in other individuals. Whether this association is present in non-human animals is currently not known. Therefore, here we examine within-species links between fWHR and dominant behaviour in 64 brown capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) aged between 2 and 40 years. fWHR was positively associated with alpha status and with a dimensional rating of assertive personality in both males and females. Moreover, fWHR showed significant sexual dimorphism in adults but not juveniles, suggesting a developmental change may occur during puberty. In a sub-sample, sex differences were mediated by weight, suggesting fWHR dimorphism does not exceed what would be expected by differences in body weight. This is the first report of an association between face shape and behaviour in a non-human species. Results are discussed in terms of the role that face-behaviour associations might play within capuchin societies, and the possible selective forces that might have led to the evolution of fWHR-dominance associations in humans. more...
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Functional gene group analysis indicates no role for heterotrimeric G proteins in cognitive ability.
- Author
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Hill WD, de Leeuw C, Davies G, Liewald DC, Payton A, Craig LC, Whalley LJ, Horan M, Ollier W, Starr JM, Pendleton N, Posthuma D, Bates TC, and Deary IJ
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Intelligence Tests, Male, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Cognition, Genetic Association Studies, Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins genetics, Intelligence genetics
- Abstract
Previous functional gene group analyses implicated common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in heterotrimeric G protein coding genes as being associated with differences in human intelligence. Here, we sought to replicate this finding using five independent cohorts of older adults including current IQ and childhood IQ, and using both gene- and SNP-based analytic strategies. No significant associations were found between variation in heterotrimeric G protein genes and intelligence in any cohort at either of the two time points. These results indicate that, whereas G protein systems are important in cognition, common genetic variation in these genes is unlikely to be a substantial influence on human intelligence differences. more...
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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