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The purpose of the present experiment has been to determine the effect of increasing rates of heating oil (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g kg' of soil) and neutralizing substances (nitrogen, compost, bentonite, zeolite and calcium oxide) on the content of copper, zinc, nickel and iron in soil. The effect of incrementally higher doses of heating oil and alleviating substances on the content of the analyzed elements in soil was varied. Higher rates of heating oil caused an increase in the content of copper in soil, a decrease in the content of nickel and iron and failed to produce an unambiguous effect on the content of zinc. All the tested alleviating substances introduced to soil contaminated with heating oil only slightly reduced the content of copper and iron in soil compared to the series without amendments. In the series with calcium oxide, the highest content of both metals in soil was determined. The content of nickel in soil after the application of each of the tested neutralizing substances as well as the content of zinc in soil amended with nitrogen, zeolite or calcium oxide rose compared to the control (without amendments). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed to determine the influence of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) in doses of 0, 25,50, 100 and 150mg Cr · kg-1 of soil as well as compost, zeolite and CaO additives on the content of mineral substances in the grain, straw and roots of oat (Avena sativa L.). The content of phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium in oat depended on the dose of chromium, type of neutralizing substances, and analyzed plant part. The highest doses of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) decreased the content of the analyzed nutrients in the majority of the plant parts. Conversely to potassium, the addition of compost, zeolite, and CaO to soil containing Cr (VI), and especially Cr (III), caused a significant increase in calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium content in oat grain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study has been conducted aimed at using compost, bentonite and calcium oxide to relieve the effect of petrol and diesel oil contamination on the yield and nitrogen content in plants - yellow lupine and maize. Effect of oil derivatives on the growth of the studied plants depended on their type, dose and relieving substances. Negative effect of diesel oil on yellow lupine yield was greater than petrol. Their effect on maize was much smaller than on yellow lupine. Negative relations between petrol and diesel oil in soil as well as total nitrogen and protein nitrogen in plants were clearly observed for yellow lupine. Unlike in the case of bentonite, application of CaO and compost to the soil contaminated with oil derivatives generally reduced the adverse effect of petrol and diesel oil on plant growth (especially yellow lupine) and modified the nitrogen content in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study has been made to reduce the effect of cadmium contamination of soil on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and macroelement content in its above-ground parts as well as their relation with enzymatic activity of soil by application of nitrogen, straw and sawdust. Contamination of soil with cadmium reduced the mass of the aboveground parts of spring barley by half and diversified the macroelement content in plants. It positively affected the accumulation of nitrogen, potassium, sodium and calcium, but not phosphorus or magnesium, in the above-ground parts of spring barley. A positive effect of the neutralising additives on the growth and development of spring barley, manifesting itself in the mass of its above-ground parts, was observed after straw was added, especially in the case of the highest and middle level of contamination with cadmium, particularly after an additional amount of nitrogen had been added. The effect of sawdust was positive only in combination with the addition of nitrogen to the soil. The macroelement content in spring barley after the application of sawdust and straw did not change much. However, straw reduced the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium and magnesium, but not potassium, and sawdust increased the level of potassium, sodium and calcium. The addition of nitrogen to soil increased its content, as well as that of sodium and calcium, but it slightly reduced phosphorus content in plants. A considerable correlation was found between the enzymatic activity of soil and nitrogen and phosphorus content in the above-ground parts of barley, with a positive correlation predominant. The only exception was the correlation between the activity of urease in soil and nitrogen content in plants in the series in which 125 mg of N was applied per 1 kg of soil. The substances applied to the soil modified the relationship between the activity of urease in soil and nitrogen content in plants and between the activity of alkaline and acidic phosphatase and the phosphorus content in spring barley. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study has been conducted to determine the influence of contamination of soil with trivalent and hexavalent chromium on macroelement content in the main and successive plants. In order to neutralise the effect of the contamination of soil with chromium, compost, zeolite and calcium oxide were applied. The effect of soil contamination with chromium depended on the dose of chromium and the type of the neutralising agent applied. Greater changes were observed in the case of the main crop (spring barley) than in a successive one (maize). Increasing contamination of soil with chromium (VI) in a series without neutralising agents increased the content of phosphorus, sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium in spring barley and sodium and magnesium content in maize. Of all the macroelements, the greatest changes were found in the concentration of sodium in the above-ground parts of maize. Increasing doses of chromium (III) reduced the concentration of phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and calcium, but the differences were smaller than in the case of hexavalent chromium. The applied substances changed the macroelement concentration in the soils contaminated with chromium, with the greatest changes found in that of calcium and sodium. They increased calcium concentration and reduced sodium concentration in plants. Of the applied substances, calcium was determined to have the greatest effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]