Between 1891 and 1914 thousands of Ukrainian peasants left their ancestral homeland in Western Ukraine to seek land on the agricultural frontiers of Western Canada and southern Brazil. Often these emigrants who left for radically different frontiers originated from the same districts and villages; some even came from the same families. The new landscapes created in Canada and Brazil by these Ukrainian pioneers reflected environmental differences between the Old World and the New. The Ukrainian landscape in Brazil showed the most immediate response to environmental change, but the isolation of the Brazilian communities meant that evidence of traditional folkways and aspects of material culture survived far longer in Ukrainian Brazilian areas than in Ukrainian Canadian communities. At the same time as these landscapes in the Ukrainian diaspora were evolving, the landscapes of the hearth area were also experiencing change. This paper is thus an attempt to consider the role of time, environmental change, and culture in three areas that are geographically widely separated, but retain certain cultural commonalities in radically different physical and political environments. Resume: De 1891 a 1914 des milliers de paysans ukrainiens ont quitte leur patrie ancestrale en Ukraine de l’Ouest pour des terres aux frontieres agricoles de l’Ouest canadien et du Bresil du sud. Ces emigrants qui partaient pour des contrees radicalement dissemblables, provenaient souvent des memes districts et villages, si ce n’est des memes familles. La maniere dont ces pionniers ukrainiens ont reamenage ces territoires, refletait les differences environnementales du vieux et du nouveau monde. Au Bresil, ils se sont immediatement adaptes au changement geographique, mais l’isolement de leurs communautes a permis aux formes de vie traditionnelles populaires et aux caracteres culturels architecturaux de leurs villages de survivre beaucoup plus longtemps que chez les Canadiens ukrainiens. Parallelement aux transformations des paysages de la diaspora ukrainienne, d’autres mutations se faisaient aussi dans son foyer ancestral. Cet article tente donc de considerer le role du temps, du changement environnemental et de la culture dans les trois regions qui retiennent certains points culturels communs malgre leur grand eloignement geographique aux unes et aux autres et des terrains physiques et politiques radicalement differents.