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Objective: The aim of this study is to present six cases of cervical lymphadenopathy, diagnosed as Kikuchi's disease and raise the index of suspicion for this disease. Study Design: Case Series. Setting: Histopathology and Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery Department at Rehman Medical Institute (RMI) Peshawar. Period: July 2016 to March 2021. Material & Methods: Records of patients for cases diagnosed as "histiocytic necrotising lymphadenitis" were retrieved, their corresponding patient files accessed from the archive, and case notes analyzed. Results: In this series, a total of six cases of Kikuchi's disease are presented. A female predominance is evident from the present data (2:1 female to male ratio). All patients presented with palpable lymph nodes in the neck, predominantly on the left (66.7%). Majority (66.7%) presented with neuralgic pain (on/off). Only one patient did not show weight loss and night sweating, the remaining had all the symptoms. All of the patients recovered spontaneously within 6 months (range 2 to 6 months) with symptomatic treatment for neuralgic pain. Conclusion: Kikuchi's disease should be kept in the differential diagnosis in young females with persistent neck masses, palpable lymph nodes and suspicious fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To account for the characteristic presentations, pathology and the post-operative complications of surgical treatment of retrosternal goitre. Study Design: Retrospective Descriptive study. Setting: Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar. Period: July 2016 and December 2019. Material & Methods: All patients that underwent thyroidectomy during the study period were included in the study. The thyroid gland that did not have retrosternal extensions were excluded. Retrospective chart records of all these patients were analysed. Data obtained from the charts was recorded on Statistical package for social services version 23.0 and analysed for descriptive statistics. Results: 67 patients with goiters were at the tertiary care center of Peshawar, females (77.6%) and males (22.4%). 6 (8.9%) were retrosternal. The most common symptoms were neck swelling (83.3%) followed by shortness of breath (66.7%). Post-operative hypocalcaemia was the most common complication among retrosternal thyroidectomy patients (66.7%). Only one patient needed sternotomy. Conclusion: All patients with retrosternal goitre should be offered surgery. The post-operative complications are low and resolve uneventfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the efficacy of probiotics in prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) among low birth weight (LBW) preterm neonates. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Unit-II, Services Hospital, Lahore. Period: September 2019 to February 2020. Material and Methods: A total of 260 LBW preterm neonates were enrolled. All the neonates were allocated to 2 groups with equal number of cases (130 in each group). Group-A was given probiotics whereas placebo was administered in Group-B. All the cases were admitted and follow ups were made up until 7th day. Occurrence of NEC was recorded among both groups. Results: Out of a total of 260 LBW preterm neonates, 142 (54.6%) were male and118 (45.4%) female. Overall, mean age was noted to be 1.48+0.50 days. Table-I shows that there was no statistical difference among neonates of both study groups in terms of age, gestational age and birth weight (p>0.05). Five (3.8%) neonates in Group-A and 14 (10.8%) in Group-B were found to have NEC. Efficacy of treatment in Group-A was significantly higher in comparison to Group-B. Conclusion: Probiotics are effective in the prevention of NEC in preterm LBW neonates. Prophylactic usage of probiotics among preterm neonates is noted to be helpful in avoiding development of NEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]