18 results on '"Colours"'
Search Results
2. Entre pratique et théorie : la palette colorée des remèdes salernitains (xie-xiiie siècle)
- Author
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Mireille Ausécache
- Subjects
medical school of Salerno ,elementary qualities ,pharmacopeia ,medicine of opposites ,compound medicines ,colours ,Social Sciences - Abstract
The therapeutic methods of the Salernitan doctors were based on the “medicine of opposites”. From the end of the 11th century, thanks to the translations of Constantine the African, they have been enriched by a theoretical framework seeking to define more precisely the effect of the remedies. A graduated evaluation of the raw qualities (hot-cold-dry-wet) of the simple ingredients entering into the composition of pharmacological preparations is then set up. However, the works of the practice report prescriptions which seem to fall under another framework of reading, of the old tradition of an “analogical medicine” in which a relation is established between the name, the aspect, the color of a cure and those of the disease to be treated. This article tries to see how these two approaches overlap or not by studying some colored elements of the Salernitan pharmacopoeia.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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3. Associations chromatiques entre ingrédients et problèmes de santé dans la thérapie mésopotamienne : laine rouge, plante blanche et réglisse
- Author
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Francesca Minen
- Subjects
Ancient Near East ,Mesopotamian medicine ,bodily fluids ,skin diseases ,materia medica ,colours ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Mesopotamian medicine offers a rich set of data related to the subject of colour, noted not only in diagnosis, but also in therapy. This contribution addresses the question of chromatic associations between given curative elements and symptomatologies, despite the methodological problems related to this line of research. A selection of health problems characterized by clear nuances has been presented : on the one hand, bodily fluids, such as blood and pus ; on the other, cutaneous ailments, for which cuneiform sources provided us with descriptions. The results reveal shared beliefs about the colour of certain ingredients, but also principles of chromoanalogy, similia similibus curantur, as well as their opposites.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. À propos de quelques aspects de la couleur dans les préparations médicinales et les amulettes pharaoniques
- Author
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Sylvie Donnat
- Subjects
amulets ,remedy ,classification ,magic ,medicine ,colours ,Social Sciences - Abstract
If colour is one of the observation criteria taken into account by the Egyptian doctor within the medical diagnosis, its role in the choice of materia medica is more difficult to estimate. The situation is quite different in the field of magic. Considering the role of colour in therapeutic and prophylactic practices, this contribution distinguishes between different aspects : colour understood as brightness and light, colour as a material, and colour as a classificatory tool.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Les références à la couleur dans les textes hippiatriques grecs
- Author
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Antonio Ricciardetto
- Subjects
colours ,hippiatrics ,veterinary medicine ,Ancient Greek ,lexicology ,pharmacology ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Based on a survey references to colours in Greek hippiatrics text—especially in the Hippiatrica and in book 16 of the Geoponica—this paper examines the lexicon used by horse-doctors to designate colour and the contexts in which it appears, in order to better understand the importance given to colour terms. Colour adjectives are used in three sections of the texts : the external description of the animal (especially the coat and eyes), body fluids and pharmacology (simple and compound drugs).
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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6. La jaunisse, le jaune et quelques oiseaux dans l’Antiquité classique
- Author
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Patricia Gaillard-Seux
- Subjects
bird ,charadrius ,icterus bird ,jaundice ,kite ,colours ,Social Sciences - Abstract
The subject of this paper is the link between jaundice and birds, according to the bond between the yellow colour and jaundice. For Ancient people, origin of the Greek name of this illness, ikteros, is the one of the kite (iktinos), whose eyes are yellow and black like those of the patient, or the one of a bile-coloured animal, perhaps the ikteros. Two birds, the ikterus and the charadrius, not well identified, are the only animals, known to us, which are prescribed in a method for transferring the jaundice, i.e the staring of yellow colour by the patient. Investigation about these points and on likely identifications for the two birds shows that many less or more yellow birds can be used against jaundice and that importance of the glance of the bird in the staring therapy is probably the origin of the ancient etymological explanations.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Bilans et perspectives
- Author
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Isabelle Boehm and Laurence Moulinier-Brogi
- Subjects
colours ,medicine ,veterinary medecine ,Social Sciences - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Des vertus et couleurs de quelques minéraux dans les écrits des médecins de langue arabe (ixe-xiiie siècle)
- Author
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Joëlle Ricordel
- Subjects
Arab pharmacology ,gemstones ,analogy ,signature ,colours ,medicine ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Minerals, or “stones” in the wide sense, are associated to herbal and animal substances to form the corpus of medicinal simples. Sources about it are to be not only looked for in the textbooks of medicine and pharmacology, but also in the treaties of alchemy and in lapidaries which draw from local or foreign traditions sometimes marked by superstitions, magical practices and legendary stories and have medicines of various origins as references. The study concerned some remarkable gemstones. One wondered about the influence of old concepts on medical thought and about the possibility that the medicinal virtues attributed to stones are related to their color, transparency or brilliance in accordance with the famous doctrine of signatures also known for plants and various parts of animals. We tried to answer this question by grouping together the gemstones under study according to their dominant color and comparing their medical virtues described in Arabic medical texts.
- Published
- 2021
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9. Soigner par un médicament frais ou par un médicament vert ? La couleur chlore dans la pharmacologie ancienne
- Author
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Divna Stevanovic-Soleil
- Subjects
colour ,medicine ,semantics ,Hippocratic Corpus ,Aretaeus of Cappadocia ,colours ,Social Sciences - Abstract
According to some researchers, a narrow meaning of the adjective χλωρός, polysemous in both early and classical Greek literature, is observable already in the Hippocratic corpus. We would like to show that this adjective did acquired a narrower meaning in the medical literature, but much later, since our earliest extant evidence does not go beyond the 1st century A.D.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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10. Le salut par la couleur. Mutations chromatiques et détection du poison dans les Giftschriften du Moyen Âge latin
- Author
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Franck Collard
- Subjects
poisoning ,Middle Ages ,stones ,colours ,medicine ,veterinary medecine ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Considered as signum of poisoning by treatises on poisons written in Western Late Medieval Europe, colour takes also place among the skills that help preserving from poisoning because some stones are seen as able to reveal the presence of poison by changing or losing its colour when they are put on table, near-by plates or glasses. From several specialized texts and books of natural philosophy, this paper aims to know how the authors explained chromatic changes of stones in front of poison, if they believed in it and if their advices were heard and followed in late medieval courts.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. La couleur du sel : un blanc thérapeutique ?
- Author
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Evelyne Samama
- Subjects
salt ,therapeutics ,white ,colour ,ancient medicine ,colours ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Does the colour of salt play a part in its medical properties ? The effects of salt were well-known by the Ancients who considered it as a desiccating and antiseptic product, but have they a link with its chalky colour ? These are questions the paper intends to explore. Salt dries, burns, disinfects, is used as a painkiller and an anti-inflammatory drug, all qualities that are possibly reinforced by the properties of light foods, considered as purgative and haemostatic. Colour and trait combine to confer on the salt many virtues.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. La couleur du sel : un blanc thérapeutique ?
- Author
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Evelyne Samama
- Subjects
thérapeutique ,medicine ,colour ,veterinary medecine ,blanc ,white ,ancient medicine ,médecine antique ,sel ,colours ,therapeutics ,salt ,médecine vétérinaire ,Classics ,couleurs ,médecine ,couleur - Abstract
La couleur du sel joue-t-elle un rôle dans ses propriétés médicales ? Les effets de dessiccation et d’antisepsie du sel, bien connus des Anciens, sont-ils attribués à sa composition ou à sa teinte claire ? Telles sont les questions auxquelles tente de répondre la contribution. Le sel dessèche, désinfecte, sert d’antalgique et d’anti-inflammatoire, qualités peut-être renforcées par les principes actifs prêtés aux aliments à teintes claires, considérés comme purgatifs ou hémostatiques. Couleur et qualités se combinent alors pour conférer au sel bien des vertus. Does the colour of salt play a part in its medical properties ? The effects of salt were well-known by the Ancients who considered it as a desiccating and antiseptic product, but have they a link with its chalky colour ? These are questions the paper intends to explore. Salt dries, burns, disinfects, is used as a painkiller and an anti-inflammatory drug, all qualities that are possibly reinforced by the properties of light foods, considered as purgative and haemostatic. Colour and trait combine to confer on the salt many virtues.
- Published
- 2022
13. Les couleurs de la vue. Les propriétés thérapeutiques des couleurs dans l’ophtalmologie gréco-romaine
- Author
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Muriel Pardon-Labonnelie
- Subjects
stamp ,medicine ,épigraphie ,collyrium ,veterinary medecine ,ophtalmologie ,ophthalmology ,chemical analyses ,colours ,cachet ,analyses chimiques ,médecine vétérinaire ,Classics ,couleurs ,médecine ,epigraphy ,collyre - Abstract
Le sens des noms de collyres gréco-romains est souvent déroutant. En effet, ces appellations sont généralement des néologismes connus par une unique occurrence manuscrite ou épigraphique. Néanmoins, plusieurs de ces noms ont indéniablement été choisis pour leur valeur publicitaire, comme « à l’ambroisie », « inimitable » ou « invincible ». Les noms de collyres évoquant des couleurs avaient-ils la même valeur ajoutée ? En vertu du principe d’analogie qui prévalait dans le raisonnement médical antique, le vert, le blanc et le jaune n’étaient-ils pas considérés comme les principes actifs de certains collyres antiques ? The meaning of the names of Greek-Roman collyria is often confusing. Indeed, these names are generally neologisms known to us through a single handwritten or epigraphic occurrence. However, there is no doubt that several of these names have been chosen for their for their commercial value, as “ambrosial”, “inimitable” or “invincible”. Did the names of collyria evoking colours have the same value? By virtue of the principle of analogy that prevailed in ancient medical reasoning, were not green, white and yellow considered to be the active ingredients of certain ancient collyria?
- Published
- 2022
14. Noir et blanc dans la thérapeutique mésopotamienne
- Author
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Vérène Chalendar
- Subjects
chromo-analogie ,pharmacopeia ,medicine ,veterinary medecine ,blanc ,white ,Mésopotamie ,chromo-analogy ,Mesopotamia ,black ,colours ,noir ,pharmacopée ,animal ,médecine vétérinaire ,Classics ,couleurs ,médecine - Abstract
Cet article propose une exploration de la pharmacopée du Proche-Orient ancien. Il s’agit d’étudier et de comprendre les raisons et les conséquences de la précision chromatique dans le contexte thérapeutique mésopotamien en se focalisant plus particulièrement sur les ingrédients provenant d’animaux spécifiquement noirs ou blancs dans les prescriptions. This paper offers an exploration of the pharmacopoeia of the ancient Near East. It aims at studying and understanding the reasons and consequences of the chromatic specification in the Mesopotamian therapeutic context by means of the analysis of ingredients coming from animals specified as black or white in the prescriptions.
- Published
- 2022
15. La jaunisse, le jaune et quelques oiseaux dans l’Antiquité classique
- Author
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Patricia Gaillard-Seux
- Subjects
bird ,medicine ,jaunisse ,veterinary medecine ,icterus bird ,milan ,jaundice ,charadrius ,colours ,oiseau ,médecine vétérinaire ,Classics ,oiseau icterus ,couleurs ,médecine ,kite - Abstract
Cet article porte sur le lien entre jaunisse et oiseaux, qui passe par celui entre jaune et jaunisse. Les Anciens voient comme origine du nom grec de la maladie, ikteros, celui du milan (iktinos), aux yeux jaunes et noirs comme ceux du malade, ou d’un animal couleur de bile, qui est peut-être l’ikteros. Deux oiseaux mal identifiés, l’ikteros et le charadrios, sont les seuls animaux connus pour être prescrits dans une méthode de transfert de la jaunisse, le regard porté par le malade sur du jaune. Par l’examen de ces points et des identifications possibles des deux oiseaux, nous verrons que beaucoup d’oiseaux plus ou moins jaunes pouvaient être impliqués dans la lutte contre la jaunisse et que l’importance du regard de l’oiseau dans la thérapie par le regard est sans doute à l’origine des explications étymologiques antiques. The subject of this paper is the link between jaundice and birds, according to the bond between the yellow colour and jaundice. For Ancient people, origin of the Greek name of this illness, ikteros, is the one of the kite (iktinos), whose eyes are yellow and black like those of the patient, or the one of a bile-coloured animal, perhaps the ikteros. Two birds, the ikterus and the charadrius, not well identified, are the only animals, known to us, which are prescribed in a method for transferring the jaundice, i.e the staring of yellow colour by the patient. Investigation about these points and on likely identifications for the two birds shows that many less or more yellow birds can be used against jaundice and that importance of the glance of the bird in the staring therapy is probably the origin of the ancient etymological explanations.
- Published
- 2022
16. Une histoire trouble : l’adjectif μελάγχλωρος et sa transmission dans les textes médicaux grecs
- Author
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Alessia Guardasole
- Subjects
compound adjectives ,Galien ,medicine ,Aretaeus of Cappadocia ,veterinary medecine ,médecine ancienne ,Hippocrates ,pharmacologie ,Byzantine medicine ,ancient medicine ,dichromy ,colours ,Galen ,Arétée de Cappadoce ,Hippocrate ,adjectifs composés ,médecine vétérinaire ,Classics ,pharmacology ,dichromie ,couleurs ,médecine ,médecine byzantine - Abstract
Depuis les textes hippocratiques et jusqu’à l’époque byzantine, l’adjectif μελάγχλωρος, littéralement « noir-vert », a suscité débat pour son interprétation. Comme la plupart des adjectifs indiquant une dichromie, son sens est difficilement saisissable d’une manière précise et se prête à des interprétations différentes en fonction du genre de textes dans lesquels il est employé et du contexte. À ces difficultés interprétatives s’en ajoute une supplémentaire qui concerne la tradition : μελάγχλωρος a souvent été mal interprété par les copistes, au point d’être confondu avec d’autres formes adjectivales (notamment μελάγχρως, μελανίχροος, μελίχλωρος). Mon enquête s’articule en deux volets : le premier part de l’étude de quelques attestations de cet adjectif dans le corpus hippocratique et de la lecture qu’en font indépendamment Galien de Pergame et Arétée de Cappadoce, auteurs fins connaisseurs et extrêmement fidèles à l’expression hippocratique. Le deuxième volet porte sur le domaine de la pharmacologie galénique, où l’adjectif semble se charger, à un certain moment, d’indications précises au sujet du classement des remèdes. L’étude de la μελάγχλωρος κεφαλική, « emplâtre de couleur noir-vert, pour la tête », permet d’ouvrir le champ sur la postérité byzantine de la tradition pharmacologique de Galien. From Hippocratic texts and up to the Byzantine period, the adjective μελάγχλωρος, literally “black-green”, raised debates for its interpretation. Like many adjectives indicating a dichromy, its meaning is difficult to grasp in a precise manner and lends itself to different interpretations depending both on the type of text in which it is used and on the context. In addition to these difficulties of interpretation, there is an additional one concerning tradition : μελάγχλωρος has often been misinterpreted by copyists, to the point of being confused with other adjectival forms (mostly μελάγχρως, μελανίχροος, μελίχλωρος). My investigation is divided into two parts : the first one starts from the study of some references of this adjective in the Hippocratic corpus and the reading of it, independently, by Galen of Pergamon and Aretaeus of Cappadocia, authors who are connoisseurs and extremely faithful to the Hippocratic expression. The second part deals with the field of Galenic pharmacology, where the adjective seems to take on, at a certain point, precise indications concerning the classification of remedies. The study of the μελάγχλωρος κεφαλική, “black-green head plaster”, opens the field to the Byzantine posterity of Galenic pharmacological tradition.
- Published
- 2022
17. La grenouille rubète est-elle une grenouille rouge ?
- Author
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Valérie Gitton-Ripoll
- Subjects
rana rubeta ,medicine ,veterinary medecine ,rouvieux ,φρῦνος ,scabies ,frog ,nom latin du crapaud ,grenouille rubète ,colours ,rougeole ,rubidus ,médecine vétérinaire ,Classics ,ruscus ,couleurs ,médecine - Abstract
La « grenouille rubète », rana rubeta, que l’on voit citée chez les médecins et naturalistes, ne doit pas son nom au fait d’habiter dans les buissons, rubus, comme le dit Pline (Hist. nat. 32, 50), ni au fait d’être rouge, comme le propose Ernout-Meillet à rubeo ; mais l’animal et les buissons sont en liaison avec l’idée de « piquant » : les buissons parce qu’ils ont des épines, le batracien parce que sa peau recouverte de cloques et de glandes venimeuses est urticante et entre dans la préparation de poisons et de remèdes contre la gale, maladie qui gratte elle aussi. Le mot rubeta pourrait ainsi être apparenté à ruscus, « petit-houx ; crapaud », rubidus, « cloqué », *rubeolus> rouvieux, *rubeola> rougeole, des maladies « qui grattent ». Il pourrait s’agir du crapaud commun, bufo bufo, qui est de couleur ocre pâle, ὠχρός. Rana rubeta est donc le nom latin du crapaud, correspondant à φρῦνος, et s’opposant par son habitat et son aspect à la rana aquatica, la grenouille d’eau. The frog which is called rana rubeta in latin, φρῦνος in greek, doesn’t owe its name to the red color, like rubeo, but to a root rub- meaning « itch ». This root is also represented by the words rubus, a bramble, ruscus, a frog and a prickly plant (Ruscus aculeatus L.), and perhaps by *rubeolus> « rouvieux », an old French name of the scabies, *rubeola> « rougeole » (measles), because these diseases scratch. Rubeta could be the toad, Bufo bufo, that has venimous pustules on his back. According to litterary texts, it was employed by witches in magic potions to kill human beings, and in medical texts, the juice of this animal cured the scabies (similia similibus curantur).
- Published
- 2022
18. La mer pourpre : façons grecques de voir en couleurs. Représentations littéraires du chromatisme marin à l’époque archaïque
- Author
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Adeline Grand-Clément
- Subjects
colours ,sea ,crimson ,representations ,archaic Greece ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Why, with Homer and the rest of preclassical literature, does the sea display a great many colours (black, white, grey, purple, crimson), and can never be blue? The answer to that question is not to be searched in any problem of visual deficiency, but rather in the nature of the look which the Greeks of archaic times cast on sea space. Approaching the philological issue by means of historical anthropology, we then discover that the apparent inconsistencies and oddities of the Greek chromatic lexicon do then vanish. The article then tries to show that the analysis of the representations of the maritime chromatism in archaic literature enables us to throw off-center our outlook and to highlight the nature of the feelings aroused by the almightiness of the sea in collective Greek imagination.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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