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The purpose of the study is to determine the level of effectiveness of institutional mechanisms of the population adaptation of the region. The relevance of the study is related to the problems of reflecting the essence of the institutional mechanisms of the population adaptation, which affect their effectiveness in the transition to dynamic development. It is assumed that the determination of the effectiveness of institutional mechanisms of the population adaptation of the region is evaluated on the basis of characteristics of population reproduction, growth of value added and people’s standard of living. The interaction of institutional mechanisms of the population adaptation with six institutional sectors of the economy is considered. The research methods are the theory and methodology of statistics, including the index and tabular method, grouping of data, series of dynamics and comparative estimates. To determine the essence of the institutional mechanisms of the population adaptation of the region, a statistical approach was used. The author gives an assessment of the level of effectiveness of the region according to 9 main quantitative and qualitative indexes that objectively reflect the general state of the economy, the standard of living of the population and the evolution of institutional mechanisms of the population adaptation for the period 1990-2020.Research results: the concept of the institutional mechanism of the population adaptation is clarified as a set of consistent actions of socioeconomic institutions, ensuring their effective interaction through the implementation of formal and informal rules, norms and standards in order to improve the level and quality of life of the population. In this regard, a toolkit has been developed to determine the effectiveness of institutional mechanisms of the population adaptation in terms of population reproduction, value-added growth, and the standard of living of the population. Over the past 30 years, there have been significant changes in many regions of the country regarding the use of institutional mechanisms for the population adaptation, which have contributed to improving the level of efficiency of business entities and revealing the characteristics of specific territories. However, in a number of regions of the country, including the Kurgan region, there is a significant decrease in the number and migration outflow of the population, real incomes of the population are slowly increasing.Conclusion: the use of the statistical approach makes it possible to determine not only the effectiveness of institutional mechanisms of the population adaptation, but also the effectiveness of the implemented development strategies for the future and the quality of the adopted decisions by management bodies. The interrelations of the used institutional mechanisms of the population adaptation with the level of economic potential of the territory are revealed. It is established that the population adapts faster to improved institutional mechanisms, while reducing social tension and increasing support for people in crisis situations. The main directions of further research on the problems of changes in the institutional mechanisms of the population adaptation and assessment of their effectiveness in the transition to dynamic development are substantiated.

The high level of inter-regional social and economic inequality of population incomes forms one of major problems of the space development of the Russian Federation. This situation promotes social tension and hinders economic growth in the country. The article analyzes the current standing of the inter-regional inequality in the Russian Federation by a number of key indicators characterizing population incomes and estimates dynamics of inequality changes in entities of the Russian Federation within the period of 2000–2020. Findings of the analysis prove that inter-regional differentiation of entities of the Russian Federation by the level of population incomes from 2000 to 2020 dropped in more than 1.5 times. The current level of differentiation is not considerable and the sample of Russian Federation entities by this criterion can be called homogeneous. All calculations were made with necessary adjustment of the nominal level of incomes to the regional level of prices.

There are various mechanisms of developing tourism on the regional level, which are based on different methods and approaches. The article shows that managing tourism on the region level is carried out within the frames of classic functions of the management theory. At the same time the sectoral level of the coordinated development of tourism is closely related to the regional one and it can be attributed, as well as the regional one, to the mezzo-level of tourism management. In our opinion, it is necessary to distinguish these levels of coordinated development. The need to single out the sectoral level of coordinated development of tourism today is connected with wide proliferation, both in practice and in theory, the ideas of cluster approach to the development of travel industry. To analyze and work out proposals dealing with upgrading mechanisms of managing social and economic development of the region on the basis of tourism on the regional, sectoral and micro-levels it is possible to use the integrated approach.

The article proposes, when forming innovative ratings of Russian regions, to proceed from the following basic requirement: the rating should reflect the effectiveness of efforts to accelerate economic growth by improving technologies, methods of management and human capital. It is shown that the rating of innovative regions of Russia Associations of Innovative Regions of Russia (AIRR) is a significant factor in the regression describing the rates of economic growth of regions, but its structure is not optimal. Of the four sub-indices of the rating of innovative regions of Russia AIRR, only two are significant, and the optimal combination is not their sum, as in the original formula, but the quotient, which characterizes the cost-effectiveness of innovative activities. The paper discusses the feasibility of using regression analysis in the formation of innovative ratings. From a practical point of view, the results obtained make it possible to form an additional source of information support for the assessment by federal and regional authorities of various options for projects to accelerate economic growth through innovative activity. The proposed methodology based on the use of econometric analysis can be applied to other ratings. This approach will improve the quality of ratings as tools for making economic decisions.

The article estimates the impact of subjective perception of labour, medical and psychological factors on self-assessment of health by the population of Russian regions. The topicality of the subject is stipulated by rather low figures of expected healthy life span by regions plotted on the share of the population that assess their health as poor and very poor. Possibility to improve this indicator is being worked at within the frames of national projects. However, factors of high enough differentiation of values of health self-assessment by people of different regions have not been studied yet. With the help of multi-factor linear regression two stages of research were completed: for all regions and separately for groups of RF entities with dependent variables higher and lower than medial values. As a result it was found out that factors of subjective estimation of working conditions were the most significant for health assessment ‘very good'. Psychological well-being of women correlates with all assessments, while that of men is not statistically valuable. For groups of assessment ‘good' of lower than medial value and ‘satisfactory' of higher than medial value the factor impact was not identified. Regions of lower than medial value by the assessment ‘satisfactory' are subject to subjective assessment of the medical service quality, availability of chronic illnesses and working conditions. For RF entities with higher than medial value assessments ‘poor' and ‘very poor' only psychological well-being of women was statistically valuable. A detailed analysis by fixed norms was done for the city of Sevastopol. Results of modeling can act as auxiliary sources for developing the most effective for the given region strategy aimed at improving health of people and its self-assessment.

The paper presents method of clustering and grouping the university performance indicators to prepare an integral rating of Russian regions by the level of university involvement in innovative development of Russian regions. The following problems that require the management influence of state structures are considered: the role of the research base of regional universities in strengthening the innovative potential of regions, the degree of involvement of universities in the innovative regional space.The aim of the study is to develop a rating system for Russian regions according to the degree of university involvement in innovative development using mathematical tools and an intelligent data processing system. The main hypothesis of the article is the existence of a link between regional innovative development and the effectiveness of university contributions. The mathematical approach involves the consideration and multidimensional ranking of the main groups of university performance indicators in order to obtain cluster classifications within each of the problems posed. The solution to the problems is to build a barometer of innovation activity in the form of a multi-purpose problem-oriented rating.Materials and methods. An approach is applied that includes the assessment and multidimensional ranking of the contribution of universities using groups of integral indices created on the basis of aggregation of several important indicators of the university’s activity. Computational experiments were conducted according to the data of the Ministry of Education and Science for the regions of Russia and regional universities. 16 indicators of Russian regions for 2016 are considered.Results and discussion. The ranking and comparison of universities according to the degree of involvement in the innovative development of the region was performed using an indicator model and aggregation depending on the target problem. Quantitative indicators of the quality of university’s activities by regions are obtained, which allow us to obtain an integral rating of Russian regions by the level of university involvement. Unlike other approaches, the author’s method includes three components, which are independent integral indexes and indicate the level of involvement of universities in regional innovative development. Statistical data on the leading indicators of Russian universities for 2016 were processed. The methodology Science-model with three factors - the model with regrouping, named by the author A-B-C, showed the high potential of Russian universities to balance their regional demand as management research centers.Conclusion. The results of the study are compared with the ratings of the well-known agencies. The author hopes that soon Russia will have a reliable scientometric system at the level of rating universities on their involvement in the innovative development of Russia, such a rating will be an indisputable argument in favor of financing regional universities. The author laid down a high requirement: compliance with the three models, only in this case, regional universities can receive funding from the municipality, after redistribution from the center. At the same time, it is necessary to carefully choose universities in which projects will receive development and perspective. Regional authorities must meet the requirements to receive the necessary investments in promising projects. The scientific potential and demand for theoretical research for their full application at all enterprises, the combination of theoretical science and practical implementation will reduce the cost of stabilizing outdated technologies in all areas of knowledge and use the experience of older generations and the strength of young people for high-tech production growth in Russia. Therefore, the results of the study will be useful to federal authorities and financial and credit organizations that provide financing.

Social and economic development of regions is closely connected with transport industry functioning, which was proven by numerous academic works. However, the problem of transport infrastructure importance for border regions was actually neglected. In fact transport on state periphery plays an important role in regional development and in some cases becomes a key factor of realizing foreign-economic potential. This article on the basis of functional approach to the research object describes an attempt to substantiate the role of transport infrastructure in the development of border region through identifying its foreign-economic function. The essence of this function implies the capacity of transport infrastructure to build in-regional and inter-regional flows of goods, services and people travel and at the same time to carry out operations of international exchange of goods. The importance of infrastructure for border regions is demonstrated by dynamics of indicators of railway construction and investment into fixed funds of transport industry: growth rates of these indicators are much higher for border regions in comparison with internal regions. It proves the importance of intensive development of transport on border territories to provide integrity of the country and to realize the potential of foreign-economic links.

The purpose of the study is to determine the role and significance of measures for the management of financial resources of local budgets. The objectives of the study include: conducting a theoretical study of management issues and the formation of financial resources of local budgets, studying the financial reports of the regions of Kazakhstan, statistical processing of the data obtained.Materials and methods. In the process of preparing the article, the issues of introducing the fourth level of the budget, on the participation of citizens in budget planning were considered. The authors analyzed the financial reports of the regions for the execution of the 2019 budget. In the process of preparing the materials for the article, the authors used the information of the website of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan, analytical statistical materials, and scientific works of scientists of Kazakhstan.The following research methods were used in the work: theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalization), empirical (observation), statistical analysis, etc.Results. The public financial management system, in particular, has been the subject of large-scale reforms in recent years aimed at strengthening the country’s strategic development potential. In recent years, the orientation of budget planning to results has noticeably improved. The priorities of the “model of socio-economic development of the country” are agreed by the government and put forward by the Ministry of National Economy, and are duly reflected in the annual strategic plan of each ministry. Based on recent reforms, the programs outlined in the strategic plans are broadly aligned with the budget programs of the ministries, and management responsibilities in each province have been clarified.In recent years, important changes have occurred in relation to access to information, an online portal “Open Budgets” was developed, a civil budget was introduced, and centralized guidelines for their preparation were presented.Since 2018, Kazakhstan has introduced a fourth budget level for local governments. 90% of these budgets are formed from taxes and payments by residents themselves. Since January 1, 2020, in the cities of regional significance, villages, settlements and rural districts of the Republic of Kazakhstan with a population of 2,000 people and below, an independent local government budget has been introduced. In 2020, the corporate income tax (CIT) from small and medium-sized businesses as a revenue item was transferred from the republican budget to the local one. Thus, CIT receipts will be credited to the republican budget only from large business entities. Also, the maslikhats (local representative body) of the regions have the right to establish the standard for the distribution of CIT from small and medium-sized businesses between the regional and district budgets.Conclusion. Effective management of budgetary resources in accordance with the current budget policy should be guided by the implementation of the general goals facing the country’s budget system: impact on economic growth and employment, ensuring the economic and political functions of the state.The main priority in planning government revenues and expenditures is the well-being of citizens of Kazakhstan, namely, their social support, health and education, as well as creating conditions for high-quality post-crisis economic growth. Therefore, it is especially important to note the role and importance of measures to manage financial resources of local budgets.

The article studies the lines in the development of banking system in regions of the North-West Federal Area. By analyzing the banking system on the regional level within the period being researched the authors identified such key trends as a decline in the number of regional banks, a growth in the total profit of the banking system in the federal area, a rise in the volume of credits granted to individuals, legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, a drop in credits given to entities of small and medium entrepreneurship, a cut in interest rates of credits to legal entities and a sharp increase in overdue debt under credit on mortgage. On the basis of the analysis the key figures of the banking system on the regional level (illustrated by regions of the North-West federal area) the authors identified negative and positive trends, which allowed them to substantiate the key lines in the development of regional banking system. The principle findings of the research can be useful for management of regional banks and state authorities. Such methods as comparative analysis, longitude, synthesis, system analysis and economic-statistic methods were used in the research.

Purpose of the study. Small and medium enterprises in foreign countries provide about 50% of GDP and almost 60% of industrial employment. In terms of its role in the economy, entrepreneurship in Russia is inferior to many countries, including the United States, Ireland, Japan, Italy, etc. The main priorities for the development of the sphere of entrepreneurship in Russia include improving the conditions for doing business, simplifying tax reporting, access to concessional financing, and improving the procurement system and others. Among the negative aspects of state regulation that hinder the development of small and medium-sized businesses, administrative barriers can be singled out. According to experts, due to the presence of excessive administrative barriers, the size of the country's "frozen" potential for economic growth is 5-7%. In this regard, there is a need for a statistical assessment of the conditions for doing business at the regional level for the subsequent determination of directions for increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the activities of state (municipal) authorities and identifying reserves for improving the business environment.Materials and methods. As an information base for the study, we used the data of the Federal State Statistics Service for 2019, as well as the results of monitoring the conditions for the activities of small and medium-sized businesses in the region, conducted by the State Treasury Institution of the Republic of Mordovia "Scientific Center for Socio-Economic Monitoring". The empirical research base included quantitative data from mass representative surveys of the business community for the period from 2014 to 2019. In addition to surveys of representatives of the business community, expert surveys were conducted, the selection of which was carried out on the basis of the experience of entrepreneurship and their belonging to formalized regional structures of entrepreneurs. The number of experts participating in the study ranged from 40 to 50 people.Results. As of January 1, 2019, there were 2,659.9 thousand small enterprises operating in the Russian Federation. Per 10,000 people, with an average of 156 in the Volga Federal District, the highest indicator was recorded in the Samara region (216 small enterprises), the lowest – in the Republic of Mordovia (86 small enterprises). The study demonstrates a steady decline in the scale of economic activity and the number of small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Mordovia. The study confirmed the existence of administrative barriers to entrepreneurial activity in the region, which are manifested both at the initial stage of doing business and during long-term conduct. Within the framework of the study, proposals were formulated to reduce administrative barriers and create a favorable business environment. In the current socio-economic situation, the main measures to support entrepreneurship are to reduce tax rates and introduce a preferential tax system. Support measures that are significant for business are also a decrease in interest rates, an increase in the availability of credit, the provision of incentives for energy resources, and control over the pricing policy of services of natural monopolies. Along with institutional measures, it is necessary to disseminate various forms of entrepreneurship training and mentoring, which are widespread in foreign practice.

Mechanisms of developing tourism on the regional level are numerous and they can be systematized by different characteristics. However, it is better to give a general view of the system of such mechanisms through classical management functions that include analysis, planning, organization, realization and control. Management of tourism development on the regional level is carried out within the frames of the mentioned classical functions of management theory. At the same time management of tourism development on the regional level is characterized by special features of each function due to the fact that actually all these functions are performed by structural divisions of the public apparatus represented by executive bodies of regional authority. Through fundamental functions of the theory of management the article provides recommendations aimed at upgrading the present mechanisms of managing social and economic development of tourism in the region. The author comes to the conclusion that raising the level of social and economic development of the region on the basis of tourism requires assessment of tourism impact on regional development, shaping new economically efficient organizational forms and models of management in the field of recreation and tourism.

Today the issue of shaping the human capital necessary for economy of knowledge is not only a topic of theoretical discussion, as it has become a leader in the global agenda of social and economic development. The leading countries consider human capital as the most important source of development, because in current situation it can speed up social and economic development, as well as competitiveness of state. The article shows topicality of the digital component of human capital and provides goals of developing human capital included in strategies of social and economic development of several regions of Russia. It also gives information about digital skills of the Russian population and some European countries. The structure of unemployed with different level of education in Russian regions is shown in dynamics. The authors prepared recommendations concerning competences necessary for economy of knowledge and for shaping infrastructure of regional systems of professional education.

Today’s social and economic development of Russian regions is characterized by extreme unevenness and depends on many factors affecting the potential possibilities of the territory. Proceeding from this fact, the article studies key economic trends, which research theoretical foundations of regional growth and territorial development, reveals their main idea and identifies factors influencing the development of regions in order to use them in the analysis of Russian regional inequality. The authors investigate differentiation of Russian regions’ inequality by a number of social and economic parameters and distinguish groups of regions, which gives an opportunity to discover key factors of their development and find reasons for their backwardness. On the basis of the comparative analysis they came to the conclusion that territorial polarization of Russian regions goes on rising, mainly in wages, investment budget revenues, while investment concentration is still observed in regions with max competitive advantages, i. e. high agglomeration and rich in raw materials. According to the authors, these problems can be resolved by complex measures of state policy, which have both general regional and selective nature. For each group of regions lines of selective regional policy were put forward, which could effectively smooth regional disproportions and promote the development of economy as a whole.

The article studies specific features of economic integration processes in the context of regional market space clustering. Methodological principles of today’s cluster systems are shown and their signs are identified with signs of heterogeneous network associations. The concept of cluster development is investigated in view of the theory of economic complexity in three analytical sections: production agglomerations, innovation ecosystems and cluster initiatives. Transaction nature of innovation character of cluster systems was revealed. The dependence was grounded of innovative cluster opportunities on synergy effects arising as a result of collaboration of participants’ interaction on principles of triple spiral (business, state, science and education field). The author found the objective necessity of raising the level of developing the network interaction in order to avoid the formal approach to cluster functioning. The author puts forward the model of economic clusterization in conditions of innovation economy. The regional economic system is structured with regard to cluster presence, functioning of the network mechanism of coordination activity and symbiosis of hierarchical and market system components. Key types of state cluster policy and important trends in cluster support, which includes cluster initiatives, cluster technologies and cluster consulting in priority of strategic management at the regional level. A conclusion was made that clusters were assigned a part of system-forming elements of sustainable development in regional market space.

The article describes conditions of spatial development of Russian regions in view of ‘The Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation up to 2025’ adopted in February 2019. Today the social and economic development of regions has technogeneous character. The anthropogenic impact on nature and climate is increasing, the quality of mineral resources is deteriorating. In this connection ecologic-economic balance becomes an important component of spatial development. The authors provide systematization of factors determining the spatial economic development at the level of regions, including ecological restrictions. During the research they used general academic methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis, scientific abstraction, synthesis and comparison. The current ecologic-economic restrictions for regions with unique natural systems and objects were identified and studied. Focus was made on particularly protected natural territories, which form the basis of ecological framework of regions. Principle groups of factors of spatial development were identified and ecologic-economic restrictions of regional development were described by using two big federal districts – the Republic of Buryatia and the Altay Territory. The authors put forward the lines of spatial development of regional economies with regard to ecological restrictions.

Purpose of the research. To examine the dynamics of reproduction of labor potential and labor supply in Russia for the period up to 2035, depending on the impact factors of its reproduction: generation change (changes in the proportion of cohort, entering and leaving at the age composition of the labor potential), fertility and mortality rates, migration balance in the individual age cohorts. Materials and methods. The concept of “replacement of generations” is introduced. The coefficient of replacement of generations is developed and its value for labor potential of Russia for the period up to 2035 is calculated. The influence of factors of natural population movement on the dynamics of labor potential is analyzed. The compensating role of the migration factor in the conditions of labor potential reduction is calculated. Russian regions were grouped according to the following criteria: the direction and intensity of changes in the working-age population in 2020–2035 and the proportion of young people aged 0–15 years. Results. – There will be the reduction and aging of labor potential during the second stage of depopulation due to demographic factors. – The decline in the working-age population in the second wave of depopulation is expected to be smaller than in the first wave. – In Russia there will be a decrease in the replacement of generations in the contingent of people of the working age. – The growth of Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in the forecast period should not be expected, because until 2030 a gradual decrease in the number of women of reproductive age is expected. – The deepest failure in the population of the working age will be in 2020–2025 accounting for 1.7 million people according to the average variant of the forecast. – In the forecast period, the labor force in the most productive age of 25–39 years will decrease by 10.5 million people, and the employment rate will decrease from 65.5% to 63.5%. – Regional features of the formation of demand and supply of labor force in Russia cause the allocation of six homogeneous groups of regions. – In order to compensate for the losses, it is necessary to increase the migration gain in the average version of ROSSTAT forecast by 2–2.5 times. Conclusion. To meet the needs of the economy in the labor force in the forecast period, it is necessary to solve two interrelated tasks: compensation for the reduction of labor potential and ensuring the quality of labor potential necessary for the introduction of new technologies and digitalization of the economy. The unfavorable situation with the formation of labor resources is exacerbated by regional imbalances in the distribution of labor potential and differences in its quality across the country. In the future, migration is once again the only source of replenishment of labor potential and replacement of generations, despite the risks of quality losses due to the emigration of highly qualified persons and young people. It is necessary to take measures to increase the compensatory role of migration in the next five – six years. At the same time, migration policy measures should be considered in close conjunction with other measures to stimulate fertility and reduce mortality, ensuring a positive impact on the components of the population growth.

In the state strategy of the economic security of the Russian Federation the increased differentiation of regions and municipalities on the level and pace of socio-economic develop-ment is indicated as the main challenges, as well as the insufficient funding of industrial production, a weak innovation activity, lagging behind in the development and implementation of new and emerging technologies, increasing differentiation of the population by the income level, lack of labour resources, reduced quality and accessibility of education, health care and, as a result, the decline in the quality of the human capital.The purpose of this paper is to develop a system of integral indicators of resource components of socio-economic potential of the regions of the Russian Federation based on a legitimate, credible and accessible statistical data for the evaluation of their development unevenness. Materials and methods. Resource potential of the region is being considered as a collection of six groups of socio-economic indicators: fixed funds, financial and investment resource, labour resource, science and innovation resources, information resource and social resource. Each group includes indicators that are directly related to the possibilities of production of goods and services. In accordance with the methodological approaches of the resource capabilities evaluation of the region on the basis of integral indicators the principles of completeness, adequacy, accessibility, universality and formalization of the indicators are used. Evaluation of a group of indicators and all indicators of groups as a whole is made according to the values of integral indicators of reduction or exaggeration in comparison with the reference values of the resource components. Various indicators in the group have a different level of im-pact on the gross regional product that is taken into account in assessing their weight indicators. Time series values of the resource components in each group correlate with the time series values of the gross regional product, the coefficients values of pair correlation are used to recalculate them into weighting coefficients. Formulas for evaluating the individual indicators in the group are developed, integral indicators of the group of resource components and integral indicators of the resource potential of the region as a whole.Results. Given the significant differentiation of regions of Russia according to various objective factors, it is considered appropriate to compare regions within Federal Districts. For the Central Federal District, the Moscow region is taken as the benchmark for comparison, and relative levels of reduction in the resource components of other regions are calculated relative to the level of indicators of its resource potential. Analysis of the data shows that the highest level of resource reduction components of the Ivanovo region is observed in the resource group of science and innovation – 77.1 %, resources of the fixed funds, financial-investment and labour resources are equal the value of this indicator – from 42.3% to 45.4 %. The integrated indicator of relative resource reduction components in the Ivanovo area totaled 41.9 %.Conclusion. Using statistical data for the Ivanovo and Yaroslavl regions as examples, calculations of integral indicators are carried out, which demonstrate the possibility of assessing the regional development unevenness by their resource component of socio-economic development.

The article provides a new approach to tourist segmentation in respect of regional policy designing. Investigation was approved on the data of selected survey of Sevastopol' guests in the period January - May 2018. The authors identified two segments - tourists and sightseers and two sub-segments - repetition of visits and accommodation. Within the frames of each segment social-demographic, economic, space and time and cultural-leisure characteristics were studied. Daily expenses of the tourist on the territory of Sevastopol' in the low season make 2,533 r., while of the sightseer - 1,741 r. 45% of tourists who arrive in the city for the first time stay in hotels, while 53% of repeated tourists stay with relatives or friends. 54% of sightseers, who arrive in the city for the first time visit 2-3 places during one day, the same program is typical of 44% of tourists staying in hotels during 3.5 days. As a result of the research opportunities to design tools of regional development were obtained. Segmentation gives a chance to identify separate contribution of tourists and sightseers to economy of the region, to find reasons for low repetition of visits or on the contrary, insufficient number of tourists and sightseers, to study motivation of the tourist concerning the place of accommodation, to assess sufficiency of cultural and leisure events.

The goal of the article is to study academic foundations of territorial management established in the process of evolution of home regional economic science and specific features of their practical implementation at different stages of economic development of our country. By using the dialectic method of cognition and system approaches it is possible to reveal the diversity of historically formed scientific views dealing with such issues as shaping and managing administrative – territorial units in Russia as a federal state, to analyze positions of different scientists in defining certain basic categories of regional science, to systematize terms and ground the author’s position in defining the term ‘region’ in interconnection with other single-ordinal scientific categories. The author investigated the laws of functioning and trends of development of regional economy in connection with problematic issues of designing the concept of spatial development of the Russian Federation. The place of macro-region as a key taxonomic unit for studying the spatial structure of national economy is being identified, as well as its principle role as a forming link in the system of sub-federal management during the shift to the 6th technological structure. The author grounds the expediency of further research in the context of renewal of methodological tools and use of proposed organizational innovation aimed at development of basic provisions of science about regions in order to optimize territorial structure of economy and raise the quality of management of spatial development of the Russian Federation in conditions of digital economy formation.

The article explains the necessity and important role of innovation in industry and shows their impact on economy. There are indicators characterizing the position of Russian highly technological products on global market. Causes of low competitiveness of Russian producers were revealed. The article demonstrates the importance of new technologies for attaining sustainable development of industrial enterprises and analyzes indicators of innovation activity, which discloses the uneven development of the innovation system in different regions of the country. The authors ground the necessity of Russian industry passing over to a new level of development and identify the key lines in shaping the innovative infrastructure of regions. They underline specific features of pursuing innovation policy in Russia, highlight principle problems hindering the development of innovation processes and propose ways of their overcoming. A set of measures was designed aimed at smoothing out the lag of private sector development from the state one and at stimulating research and developments in the private sector. Research findings can be used to correct regional strategies of innovation development.

At the end of the twentieth century, sustainable development became a universally recognized goal for humanity, countries, regions, enterprises and the population, considering socio-economic and environmental processes in unity and interdependence. New interest in sustainable development is associated with the holding of the UN Conference on sustainable development (September 2015), which stressed the need to monitor progress towards sustainable development and the “green” economy, avoiding the absolutization of traditional macroeconomic indicators. The authorities and management bodies are obliged, according to the UN resolution and the UN targets, to develop strategies for sustainable development of territories for the period up to 2030, to implement the following basic standards of living: improving the quality of life of the population, eradicating poverty, creating a stable infrastructure, promoting sustainable industrialization and innovation, to build technological capacity, to ensure a healthy lifestyle by improving socio-demographic indicators, etc.The paper deals with the actual problem of cognition of the sustainability of regional development with the use of traditional tools to assess the quality of life and additional complex indicators that reflect the effectiveness of governing bodies. The aim of the study is to develop methodological tools for assessing the welfare and quality of life of the population in the regions of the Russian Federation, allowing to know the real level of stability of regional development.In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were solved:– identification of features for traditional tools’ application to the assessment of well-being in the context of spatial heterogeneity and its modernization, which allows to reflect the real quality of life in the regions;– to develop a comprehensive indicator of sustainable regional development from the standpoint of reproduction of the population in contrast to the priorities of reproduction of means of production in the field of material production, traditional for Russian economic theory;– to improve the three-pronged concept of sustainable ecological, social and economic development by including in the integral indicator of the sustainability of regional development a block of data reflecting the political state of the region, which in modern conditions has a significant impact on the conditions and quality of life of the population;– to develop a matrix of sustainable development management and assess the qualitative changes in the state of the economy of the region (Kurgan region) for 2006-2016.The object of the study is the quality of life of the population, which adequately reflects the degree of stability of regional development in the context of the regions of the Russian Federation of the Ural Federal District.The subject of the research are social relations (social, economic, demographic, environmental, etc.) arising from the organization and monitoring of the object of the study.

The article deals with investigation and grounding the possibility of using relevant mechanisms and tools to pursue policy of sustainable social and economic development of regions in the Russian Federation. From the theoretical and methodological point of view the research presents criteria for substantiation of relevance degree: principles of pursuing policy of sustainable social and economic development (systematic and complex nature, keeping the balance of interests, taking into account continuous changes); typology of Russian Federation regions (locomotives of growth, support regions, depressive regions); scenarios and factors of regions’ strategic development according to the forecast of the long-term social and economic development of the Russian Federation. From the practical point of view the matrix of mechanisms ensuring sustainable social and economic development was designed, on the basis of which it is possible to choose and apply relevant organizational-managerial tools with regard to specificities of social and economic development of the territory.

The article describes ways of calculating economic efficiency of innovation. It shows parameters characterizing the level of innovation activity development at the present stage. The authors demonstrate creation of the innovation environment as a system of steps aimed at building such economy, which would be based on advanced knowledge. They explain the idea of the system of organizing and governing the innovation environment in the region, discuss its main features which are taken into account for building efficient economy. Principles of shaping the efficient innovation environment are given in detail. The necessity to build the innovation environment regionally is proven, which could create favorable climate from innovation and investment point of view on rather large territory. Integral parts of the innovation environment of the region are illustrated.

Author's approach to disclosure of content of economic safety of the region according to which her achievement is result of steady social and economic development of the territory is presented in article. Dynamic interpretation of the main categories characterizing economic security at national and regional level is presented. The problem of ensuring economic security of regions is investigated within a continuum "convergence – divergence". It is proved that the theory of convergence has development potential in relation to a problem of formation of priorities of the state regional policy aimed at ensuring economic security of territories and their sustainable long-term social and economic development. It is proved that calls and threats of economic security of the region under various conditions can act as sources of both divergent, and convergent changes in regional and national economy.

The article analyzes the state and reveals development features of entrepreneurship in two major regions of Tajikistan – Khatlon and Sughd. The problems of entrepreneurship development in the spheres of industry, agriculture, trade, and services are identified. Special attention is paid to such indicators as the gross regional product, industrial and agricultural production, retail turnover, paid services, etc. The research hypothesis is that the level of entrepreneurship development is heterogeneous in the regions of the Republic of Tajikistan and the existing possibilities are not fully used.The theoretical and information basis of the study served the works of Tajik and foreign scientists in the field of entrepreneurship development, statistical compilations and data of the Agency on Statistics under President of the Republic of Tajikistan for the years 1991–2015. The obtained results allowed revealing a number of development features of entrepreneurship in the Khatlon and Sughd regions of Tajikistan. The analysis of the gross regional product shows that its value has increased several times since 2000, which was achieved due to the development of entrepreneurship. In 2015, 60% of the gross regional product was produced in Khatlon and Sughd regions. Despite the increase in the number of operating small enterprises, the number of joint ventures is decreasing. In this direction, it is necessary to intensify the entrepreneurship development through public-private partnerships. There are significant raw material and labor resources in the regions, which are not fully used. This is largely due to the lack of financial resources, the high cost of credit and high taxes. More attention should be given to these issues.It is noted that the entrepreneurship development in the regions of the country primarily depends on the energy development. There are huge hydropower resources in the regions, the use of which will give a significant impulse to the entrepreneurship development. The industries of the Khatlon region, developed in the early 1990s, are practically not working today. The same situation is observed in many branches of industry of the Sughd region. It is necessary to create conditions for the revival of industries.Despite the positive trends in the agriculture, there are different problems in the redistribution of the irrigated land, crop yields and productivity of livestock and poultry.There are still sectoral and regional problems in the more developed sectors of trade and services. Entrepreneurship in the sphere of trade and services is more developed in the Sughd region, as evidenced by the value of retail trade turnover and services rendered. It is necessary to develop a network form of trade in the sphere of trade. It is proposed to pay special attention to the entrepreneurship development in the sphere of tourism.The study shows that, despite the intensification of entrepreneurship development in the regions, there are still many problems. Further analysis of these problems will allow developing more targeted recommendations for the entrepreneurship development in the regions of the Republic of Tajikistan.

Production infrastructure not only determines the level of social and economic development of a certain region but is a factor of all national economy growth. The article proves the necessity of interconnected use of methods and tools of project-oriented approach and cluster policy to intensify the development of production infrastructure of the region. Tools of state support aimed at cluster development in Moscow were described. In order to resolve problems of innovation development of production infrastructure the author identified organizational and resource components of the project-oriented approach and on this basis advanced a mechanism of administration of production infrastructure to attract private investment.

The article shows the author's approach to defining the key elements of strategy of sustainable social and economic development in the old-industrial region, which could be used as a foundation for its model. The author demonstrates strategy targets and objectives and steps necessary to attain them. The hierarchy of strategy targets is given, which can help decompose the main target - to provide sustainable development of territory in stage targets and objectives. Special attention is paid to characteristics of tools of strategy implementation by using the method of road card. This approach to designing the strategy of providing sustainable development of the old-industrial region can contribute to complete attainment of target priorities of the general strategy of social and economic development of the territory.

The article provides a functional-processional scheme for the economic mechanism of regional logistic cluster functioning based on principles of its building and potential opportunities of Russian Federation regions. The authors propose a classification of principles for forming the economic mechanism of regional logistic cluster functioning, which includes economic, organizational, structural, social and technological groups. They discuss qualitative and quantitative components of the economic mechanism, including security in managing delivery chains and existing risks in logistic activity. All components of the scheme for the economic mechanism of the logistic cluster are accompanied by material, information and finance flows.

In article the local market of services in the field of information technologies as a part of information space of the region including all institutional units and IT infrastructure of the region is considered. Such approach is caused by rather small contribution of this type of activity to a gross regional product in the conditions of economic crisis, reducing by the companies costs and freezing of large infrastructure projects. Development of information society is characterized by tendencies of promotion of mobile services, artificial intelligence, socialization, use of a cloud computing and is followed by involvement of households, state management and business in a common information space. However traditionally market research of IT services and information space represent the isolated researches of the market and humanitarian direction.The purpose of this article is development of a single technique and system of indicators for the analysis of the local market of IT services in information space of the region. Authors determinae components of information space in which there is a configuration of the local market, the demand and supply. Development of an analysis technique of the local market of IT services is preceded by the description of structure of information space of the region as the open system exchanging with the external environment information resources. Basic elements of structure are social and economic system in which the local market of IT services, ICT infrastructure and information resources functions. Information analysis base is the system of statistics which sources can be an official statistics, analytics of Internet resources and data of selective inspections of demand in the local market.The technique of a research represents an analysis algorithm of all components of information space and the market of IT services. For each analysis stage authors proved statistics for the solution of a certain task. At the final stage the temporary periods of the analysis, statistical dependences of result of market development of IT services on factors, conditions and restrictions are proved in the region. In the course of development of a technique the main problems of a research of the market of IT services, including connected, with lack of IT services as separate type of economic activity are revealed. Limitation of data for research of information region space is compensated by development of the universal questionnaire and results of field inspection in the course of accomplishment of a grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. The need for implementation of educational programs in the field of IT technologies for the population is revealed that can serve as a demand growth incentive in the local market of IT services.The practical importance of technique consists in reasons for approaches to regulation of the local market of IT services in the conditions of the current state of information region space.

The article discusses the theoretical foundations of the «region» concept. On the basis of statistical analysis, socio-economic and reproductive tendencies of development of the SFD regions are determined, what brought to lite priority directions of modernization of the regional economy.

The author makes a factorial analysis of a process of cost formation of industrial enterprises, which revealed and systematized sources of its creation in modern Russian conditions of managing. The management mechanism as the main regulator of financial, production, investment and other development processes of an industrial enterprise is considered in aspect of optimization of its condition.

The article considers theoretical and methodological provisions of the theory of a sustainable development. On the basis of the analysis of a conceptual framework there is offered an author’s definition of a sustainable development of the region. The review of methods of an assessment of stability of development allowed to carry out their group. On the basis of the conducted research author’s approach to a stability assessment with use of coefficients of elasticity is presented.

The problems of spatial socio-economic development of the region are considered in this article. Special attention is given to transport infrastructure. The authors propose methodical instruments for evaluating the influence of transport infrastructure on spatial development of region based on research of theoretic-methodical aspects of economic growth theory, location of economic activity and development concepts of infrastructural provision.

An approach to assessment of a stability of socio-economic development of the region with use of elasticity coefficients is given in the article. On the basis of correlation and regression analysis the author constructs the dependence equations between the indicators of the region’s development and environment’s conditions. That makes it possible to evaluate the influence of social and economic processes on the ecosystem of the region.

In the article the results of Cluster Analysis of the Central Federal District regions are presented. The use of cluster analysis methods for definition of the resources utilization degree and the improvement of socio-economic development of any region is considered. The article gives the index of socio-economic development of the Yaroslavl region.

The article analyzes the spatial development of agriculture in the region and identified the prospects of the industry in the modern world.

Currently the tools to identify strategicallyimportant objectives of regional development is not enough to build a developmentperspective, relying on something special,what distinguishes each region from therest. The article discusses approaches to the formation of the regional developmentstrategy, which is based on goals set by the results of the analysis of the main factors inthe development of the region. The study is based on the methodology of systems theoryand methods of strategic management. The most important results should include tools tobuild the tree of strategic objectives resultingfrom the implementation of the algorithm forconstructing planes of analysis and development of the region. The results can be used to develop a strategy for the developmentof socio-economic systems of various typesand forms.

The article reveals the essence of the intellectual product, its relationship with research of higher schools in the region, the role of intellectual property in the development of innovative capacity of the region. It also contains the author’s definition of an intellectual product of Higher Education, a classification of intellectual products. Based on the analysis of existing theoretical approaches and regional practices, relations between concepts «intellectual product», «intellectual work», «intellectual capital» and «intellectual property» are especially highlighted by the author.

This paper is devoted to the assessmentof intellectual potential in the SiberianFederal District on the structure and dynamics, identifying factors that have amajor influence on his development interms of integration of regions into a singleinformation space.The study verified the category of intellectual potential of the intellectual potentialof the region, an assessment componentof the intellectual potential, studied factorsof formation and development of the intellectual potential of the SFO, the estimationof the level of intellectual capacity, were calculated and comparative analysis of thedevelopment of the intellectual potentialof the SFO.

The article analyses the term “regional economic capacity” and Russian andinternational approaches to formation of regional economic capacity index.The paper presents a synthesis of the indicators and their consolidatedthematic groups that are used to assess the regional economic capacityand examines the possibility of using estimates of economic capacity andits performance in monitoring the development of small business in theRussian regions.

In the article, the paper classifies the regions of the Central Federal district level indicators of their socio-economic and demographic situation. Defined the typology of the clusters identified problems of the regions and groups of regions on the basis of what identifies key threats to internal development of the Central Federal district.

ARTICLE RETRACTEDIn the article was analyzed conditions for implementation of integrated regional innovation programs and projects at the meso level. Depending on general condition of the regional social and economic system to select the most appropriate functions to support innovative sustainability, including institutional, prognostic, regulative, design, protectionist and anti-crisis. Have been propose steps for process of adaptation of the federal strategy of innovative development in Russia until 2020, at the regional level.

ARTICLE RETRACTEDThis article describes the main characteristics of innovation clusters, analyzed the develop-ment plans of the cluster areas of growth on the basis of innovation in the various subjects of the federation, it proposed the principle of clustering of the «nuclear» type, dened by problems in the functioning of specialized distributed clusters on the basis of the organi-zational and marketing innovations, proposed scheme for sustainable innovation develop-ment of specialized distributed cluster.

The article deals with a continuous integrated system of the professional training of specialists for industrial enterprises in small regions of Russia: school - higher school - enterprise. The system contributes to the development of human capital and production, integration and coordination of intellectual, scientific, technical and technological capacities, anchoring of well - educated young specialist at the enterprise, availability of educational resources, shortening the difference in the economic development of the regions.

The region, as a system, has a complex interconnected structure, which influences a number of factors: institutional, economic, scientific, technical, social, climatic and others. The knowledge of these factors and the impact on them promote to stabilization and adaptation of the existing socio-economic system to changing conditions.