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Low temperature has become a major abiotic stress factor that can reduce maize yield and cause a number of economic loss. This study was designed to identify key genes and pathways associated with coldresistance of maize. The gene expression profile GSE46704, including 4 control temperature treated plants and 4 low temperature treated plants, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by limma package. Then, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module selection were constructed using Cytoscape. Moreover, the DEGs were re-matched based on the Zea mays L. gene ID and symbol data from PlantRegMap. Finally, the re-matched DEGs were performed functional and pathway enrichment analyses by the DAVID online tool. A total of 750 DEGs were screened (including 387 up-regulated and 363 down-regulated genes) In the PPI network, GRMZM2G070837_P01 and GRMZM2G114578_P01 had higher degrees. Besides, carbohydrate metabolic process, starch and sucrose metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were significantly enriched in functional and pathway enrichment analysis. GRMZM2G070837_P01 and GRMZM2G114578_P01 might play a critical role in cold-resistance of maize. Meanwhile, carbohydrate metabolic process, starch and sucrose metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites might function in cold-resistance of maize.

A single three-level atom interacting with a two-mode cavity is studied. The generation of output entanglement and output squeezing is investigated. It shows that this system can serve as an output-entanglement source. By tuning the pump field or the detuning, strong entanglement can be generated.

We study the quantum correlation of a coherently foul-level atomic system coupled by two coherent driven fields. Used the wave function technique, an explicit expression of the photon-photon correlation function is derived. The influence of the driven field as well as the detuning on the second correlation function are investigated. We find that the second correlation function can be controlled by the driven field or the detuning of two coupling lasers. So we can control the magnitude of the joint detection probability by the driving fields. More importantly, we show that this correlated photon states can serve as atomic memory.