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A process has been described for obtaining polymer (polyelectrolyte) microcapsules and polyelectrolyte/magnetite composite microcapsules, as well as silica-based hybrid capsules via silane-type precursor hydrolysis, which gives rise to the formation of silica nanoparticles in the structures of shells containing different numbers of polymer layers. The polymer and nanocomposite microcapsules have been formed by successive adsorption of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes and/or nanoparticles on the surface of microparticles of vaterite, which is a polymorphous modification of calcium carbonate. The obtained shells of microcapsules of all types have been studied by atomic force microscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy before and after sonication. The effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound on the obtained samples of microcapsules has been investigated and the sonication parameters that ensure efficient disruption of their shells in an aqueous medium have been determined. It has been found that composite microcapsules containing magnetite nanoparticles in their shells are most sensitive to sonication. The obtained composite microcapsules are promising for developing new systems for delivery of biologically active substances and multifunctional coatings.

Laser annealing of thin polycrystalline films of CdS x Se1 − x solid solutions has a threshold character, modifies the local topological relief, and produces a jumplike change in the luminescent properties of the material in the processed region. The possibility of creating local regions with sharply modified physical properties on a micron-precise scale makes the proposed technique a promising tool for the production of semi-conductor sensor chips.

We propose a method for stabilizing and modifying the dispersed phase of a liquid crystal-in-water (LC/water) emulsion using the sequential adsorption of polyelectrolytes and magnetite nanoparticles, which leads to the formation of LC-filled nanocomposite microcapsules. The obtained samples were studied by optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It is established that the LC-filled nanocomposite microcapsules can move under the action of an external magnetic field.

Film formation in low-temperature plasma in the pulsed mode was studied. The voltage’s pulse sequence in the sputtering system contained trains of short and long pulses; the short pulse time was chosen shorter than the stabilization time of the glow discharge mode. The formation of the nanoscale composition periodicity in grown films was confirmed by secondary-ion mass spectrometry. Photoluminescence of the films synthesized in the pulsed mode was studied, as well as the possibility of controlling the luminescence behavior and intensity.