Search

Background: Ureteric stones, characterized by the crystallization of mineral particles in stagnant urine, cause considerable discomfort and pain. Alpha-blockers are employed in the management of ureteric stones to alleviate symptoms by dilating the ureter and facilitating stone passage. Alpha-blockers have proven to be effective in improving the clinical outcomes of patients with ureteric stones, with Silodosin, Alfuzosin, and Tamsulosin emerging as promising options. Aim and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Silodosin, Alfuzosin, and Tamsulosin in treating ureteric stones. It assesses their performance in patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital, aiming to identify the most suitable alpha-blocker for optimum outcomes. Materials and Methods: The study involved 60 patients with ureteral stones treated at the Urology Department of Dhiraj Hospital. Patients' responses to a structured questionnaire assessing variables related to ureteric stone development were collected. Physical examinations, along with radiological confirmation through X-ray, Ultrasound (USG), and CT-scan, were conducted. A 15-day follow-up assessed the efficacy of alpha-blockers. Statistical analysis and paired t-tests were employed to compare the drugs' effectiveness. Results: Silodosin demonstrated the highest stone expulsion rate at 95%, whereas Tamsulosin exhibited a 50% rate, and Alfuzosin recorded a 10% rate. Minimal side effects were observed, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which were typical for patients with ureteric stones. Conclusion: Silodosin emerged as the most effective alpha blocker for promoting stone expulsion and ameliorating ureteric stone symptoms when compared to Tamsulosin and Alfuzosin. It is considered a pharmacologically superior choice for patients with ureteric stones, making it a valuable option in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This observational, prospective cross-sectional study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of metoprolol and bisoprolol in the treatment of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) patients. Materials and Methods: The study received institutional ethics approval and was conducted at a tertiary care private teaching hospital over six months. Ninety CAD patients were included, with demographics and clinical characteristics recorded. Vital signs were measured at baseline, 48 hr, 7 days, and 1 month. Angina severity was assessed using the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Grading Scale and New York Heart Association classification. Statistical analysis compared outcomes between metoprolol and bisoprolol groups. Results: Male patients (72.22%) received metoprolol more frequently, while bisoprolol was preferred among females (28.88%). Age had minimal influence on medication choice. Metoprolol-treated patients had higher Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) values (50.26%) compared to bisoprolol-treated patients (45.78%). Regional Wall Motion Abnormalities (RWMA) was similar between groups. Both medications effectively reduced hypertension severity and vital parameters, with significant reductions in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), and Heart Rate (HR) with metoprolol. The prevalence of chest pain decreased in both groups, with Class III patients achieving complete relief. Breathlessness symptoms improved overall, with some patients experiencing relief while others showed reduced symptoms. Side effects were low in both groups, but metoprolol had a slightly higher incidence. Conclusion: Metoprolol and bisoprolol demonstrated safety and efficacy in managing CAD patients. Metoprolol showed advantages in LVEF improvement and greater reduction in SBP, DBP, and HR, but it had a slightly higher side effect incidence. Both medications effectively alleviated chest pain and breathlessness symptoms. This study provides valuable insights into the clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with metoprolol and bisoprolol in CAD patients, supporting their use in managing cardiac symptoms and hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a sexually transmitted disease that can be passed from partner to partner, mother to child, or through blood exchange using infected syringes. AIDS symptoms might vary depending on characteristics such as age, gender, and physical activity. Headaches, muscle and joint discomfort, rashes, diarrhoea, weight loss, coughing, night sweats, sore throat, stomatitis, swollen lymph nodes, malaise, oral yeast infections, shingles (herpes zoster), and lung infections are all common symptoms. The Food and medication Administration (FDA) of the United States authorised Lenacapavir, a novel AIDS therapy medication, in 2022. Lenacapavir is a capsid inhibitor available in tablet and injection form that directly targets the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Capsid Protein. Various research and papers, like the Capella study, which assessed the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous Lenacapavir, were used to assess the safety and efficacy of Lenacapavir. The Calibrate study shed light on the absence of phenotypic resistance to Lenacapavir in HIV Gag cleavage site mutants and isolates resistant to existing medication classes. These studies also included data from a proof-of-concept clinical research on HIV patients examining phenotypic resistance to Lenacapavir and its efficacy as a monotherapy. The approval of Lenacapavir represents a viable new therapy option for those living with HIV. Its method of action, as well as promising safety and efficacy results from numerous studies, offer hope for better outcomes in the treatment of this severe disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim/Background: The Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme family, consisting of 57 distinct genes, plays a pivotal role in various biological processes. These genes encode enzymes with multifaceted functions, impacting vital processes like arachidonic acid metabolism, xenobiotic detoxification, eicosanoids production, and drug metabolism. Moreover, CYP enzymes are indispensable for the synthesis of bile acids, steroids, and numerous metabolic pathways. They also participate in the hydroxylation of retinoic acid, illustrating their remarkable versatility. While some CYP enzymes still have undiscovered functions, their role continues to captivate researchers across diverse domains. Additionally, mutations in CYP genes can give rise to inborn metabolic disorders, leading to clinically significant diseases, underscoring the importance of CYP enzymes in maintaining metabolic equilibrium and overall well-being. Beyond their initial association with hepatic drug detoxification, recent research has unveiled a broader spectrum of enzymatic processes undertaken by cytochrome P450. The complexity of CYP enzymes is progressively unfolding, emphasizing their clinical significance and opening new avenues for drug development, precision medicine, and patient care. methodology: This abstract presents a comprehensive overview of the literature on cytochrome P450 enzymes and their diverse functions. The information was gathered from a wide range of sources, including scientific articles, textbooks, and research publications. The analysis covers the genetic basis of CYP enzymes, their roles in various metabolic pathways, and the clinical implications of CYP gene mutations. Additionally, the abstract highlights the recent advances in our understanding of CYP enzymes and their expanding role in maintaining human life. Results: The results of this study showcase the remarkable diversity of functions performed by cytochrome P450 enzymes. They are intricately involved in processes critical to human health, ranging from drug metabolism to the synthesis of vital biomolecules. The study underlines the clinical significance of CYP enzymes, as mutations in these genes can lead to severe metabolic disorders and diseases. Furthermore, it emphasizes the evolving understanding of CYP enzyme complexity and its implications for drug development, precision medicine, and patient care. Conclusion: In conclusion, this abstract sheds light on the exceptional versatility and clinical importance of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Their diverse functions have far-reaching consequences for human health, making them a focal point of research in pharmacology and medicine. The evolving understanding of CYP enzyme complexity paves the way for future advancements in drug development and personalized patient care, offering new possibilities for enhancing the well-being of individuals and populations. This research underscores the significance of CYP enzymes and their potential to revolutionize the fields of medicine and pharmacology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common condition and can happen due to drugs like Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and which can be reversible by discontinuing NSAIDs. This research aims to examine the risk factors and occurrence of AKI in individuals using NSAIDs, while also investigating the potential correlations between AKI and conditions such as hypertension, gout, and emergency medical situations. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive total of 125 patients were included based on specific criteria, encompassing both inclusion and exclusion parameters. The medical histories of these patients were meticulously reviewed, with relevant data duly documented, and concludingly subjected to statistical examination. Results: Among the 125 patients studied, 10 individuals were diagnosed with AKI, resulting in an incidence rate of 8%. Notably, 80% of these AKI cases were observed in the older age group (45-65 years), with 60% being male and 40% female, indicating a higher risk in male patients. Additionally, 40% of the AKI patients had a pre-existing condition of hypertension, which posed a higher susceptibility to AKI development. The diagnosis of AKI was based on laboratory parameter changes, particularly serum creatinine levels, and adhered to the KDIGO scale (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes). Conclusion: Following the examination of NSAID users, it was concluded that the elderly population and individuals with a history of hypertension face the highest risk of developing AKI, leading to elevated serum creatinine levels. Additionally, male patients exhibited a higher frequency of AKI compared to their female counterparts. Notably, a significant number of patients were found to have taken Diclofenac for an extended duration, which correlated with increased serum creatinine levels and a potential link to AKI development. Consequently, Diclofenac usage warrants consideration as a drug that may contribute to the onset of AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This novel approach recognizes that healthcare is not a one-size-fits-all endeavor and aims to tailor treatment plans and interventions according to gender and sex. Many people are aware that certain diseases and diagnoses are exclusive to one sex such as ovarian or prostate cancer. While that's true, there are health care issues that affect both sexes but receive different treatment, sometimes radically so. However, there are many subtle and distinct differences in anatomy, physiology, and metabolism in body parts shared with men. Women's hearts, brains, and hormones react differently to diagnostic tests, medications, and other treatments compared to men. The term "Bikini Medicine" describes a cutting-edge method of healthcare delivery that emphasizes tailored and comprehensive care while encouraging patient autonomy and empowerment. This phrase, which takes its name from the well-known bikini, emphasizes the value of embracing uniqueness, self-assurance, and self-expression in the medical community. Women do have diseases, disorders, and diagnoses that are specifically related to female organs like their breasts, ovaries, and uterus. Women's health is not simply the bits that are covered by a bikini. By creating ideas and methods designed to give individuals a more active say in revolutionizing women's healthcare. Even though legislation calls for more females to be included in rigorous pharmaceutical, scientific, and medical device studies, there still are not enough females represented. These differences may cause disability, deformity, and even death for some women. Health forms routinely ask for sex and/or gender right next to the name, birthday, and address. Both sex and gender have an impact on healthcare access and treatment. This approach may involve incorporating complementary and alternative therapies, addressing lifestyle factors, and considering social determinants of the traditional healthcare landscape leading to improved women patient outcomes and satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In hospitalized patients who are elderly and frequently have multiple comorbidities, anemia is very prevalent. The two types of anemia that are most common are iron deficiency anemia and chronic illness anemia. To assess the frequency and causes of different types of anemia in hospitalized patients using a diagnostic parameter. Materials and Methods: According to the inclusion and exclusion parameters, a total of 111 patients were enrolled. Information was gathered from the patient's medical documents after they were examined. Statistical analysis was done. Results: Anemia was most frequently seen in people between the ages of 31 and 45, with 22.03% of men and 40.38% of women, and a mean age of 37.24. years. Of these, 56.75% had anemia of mild severity. It was also found that patients with chronic kidney disease and iron deficiency are the most common causes of anemia, respectively. Anemia due to chronic disease was more prevalent (30.63%), followed by iron deficiency anemia in 27.92%. Malaise (48.64%) and pallor (36.03%) were the most prevalent symptoms and signs, respectively. Conclusion: In hospitalized patients, anemia played a significant role in deciding mortality, morbidity, and outcomes. Early detection, haemoglobin level restoration, and maintenance in these individuals may have a substantial impact on the clinical improvement of various pathological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study was focused on assessing the clinical characteristics which include the symptom profile, triggering factors, prescription pattern, headache-related disability, and its impact on patients' HRQoL. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020 at the Department of Neurology, Dhiraj General Hospital-Vadodara. The data was collected from the prescription prescribed by the respective neurologist and by filling a pre designed questionnaire. All patients who met the inclusion criteria enrolled in a study. Results: In this study, the incidence of migraine is higher in females (78%), than males (23%). The majority of patients were having a severe disability and severe impact on HRQoL with high MIDAS (Migraine Disability Assessment Scale) and HIT-6 (Headache Impact Test-6) scores in opposing MSQoL v2.1 [Migraine Specific Quality of Life (Version 2.1)] where the majority of patients gained less score showing poor quality of life. A higher MIDAS score was observed in chronic migraineurs than episodic migraineurs (32.42 ±18.65 and 30.15 ±18.93) while HIT-6 showed a comparable score (63.98 ±6 and 63.38 ±6.29). Unlike MIDAS and HIT-6, MSQoL v2.1 showed less scores in chronic migraineurs than episodic migraineurs (45.66 ±22.59 and 48.82 ±23.77) which depicts that chronic migraineurs had a poor health-related quality of life than the episodic migraineurs. Conclusion: To conclude, healthcare professionals routinely evaluate the quality of life and related disability to determine whether patients are receiving effective treatment and whether any additional treatment strategies are warranted to enhance QOL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]