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What is identity and how do we construct identity? Why do we have to deconstruct identities again? And what is the role that language policy measures and anti-discriminatory actions play in this process? This volume deals with the topic of identity formation in the Slavic region. It opens with an extensive general introduction to the topic of identity. In its core part, measures meant to enable politically correct speech and anti-discriminatory language are presented for different Slavic languages and cultural spheres. Political correctness, antidiscrimination, and antisexism play an important role in the Slavic region when it comes to influencing language and the use of language. Three additional papers concern Ukrainian-Russian mixed speech and textology of literary works in Russian.

This book offers a collection of papers pertaining to the most thought-provoking problems in the areas of theoretical and contrastive linguistics. The contributions are devoted to current developments in morphological and semantic theorizing. The contrastive analyses conducted by the authors examine the structure of English and selected Slavic languages.

This volume is a collection of papers approaching the phenomenon of language from a variety of perspectives. Scholars in phonology, morphology, syntax, lexicology, historical linguistics and translation studies share the results of their research. They invite the reader on a journey into the multifaceted and complex world of human language, moving from the study of sound through the description of structure to the analysis of meaning. The volume has been brought together to honour Professor Piotr Ruszkiewicz from the Institute of Modern Languages of the Pedagogical University of Cracow, a linguist and academic lecturer.

Foundational theories of meaning, and the broader metasemantic projects they contribute to, promise to answer the seemingly simple yet intractable question of what meaning consists in and where it comes from. Naturally, they build upon expressions that we already know and recognize to develop their positions. This focus on language as we know it, however, leaves aside the no less significant matter of language in terms of possible expressions – the strange and distant expanses of language beyond our everyday stock of expressions.This work sets out to explore possibilities in the context of the meaning of simple expressions. In the process, words, phrases, and sentences are thoroughly explicated as types of expressions before being leveraged to engineer unique and unusual possible words. These exotic possibilities are then confronted with two major positions on meaning in philosophy, introducing novel difficulties and suggesting the significance of this otherwise neglected perspective on language.

El presente volumen reúne 11 trabajos que versan sobre los problemas y los retos que tienen que enfrentar los traductores de literatura. Debido a su especificidad, su complejidad y su enorme amplitud en el tiempo y en el espacio, la traducción literaria requiere un continuo proceso de reflexión y autorreflexión, tanto desde punto de vista teórico como desde la práctica concreta. Los estudios recogidos en este monográfico abarcan varios siglos, latitudes y perspectivas, por lo tanto, los hemos agrupado en tres secciones (no marcadas): traducción de poesía, traducción de prosa y reflexiones acerca de obras escritas en judeoespañol. Esperamos que el amplio abanico de temas y problemas presentados por investigadores y traductores procedentes de distintos centros de investigación resulte fascinante e inspirador y que sirva de punto de partida para nuevos desafíos.

Der interdisziplinäre Band postuliert eine Macht des Kontextes und erklärt, was darunter verstanden wird. Die Beiträge beleuchten und hinterfragen die Macht des Kontextes in dessen Relationen zu Sprache(n), Gesellschaft(en) und Medien. Dies geschieht teils aus philologischem, teils aus sozialwissenschaftlich-kommunikationswissenschaftlichem Blickwinkel und schließt jeweils mit Thesen zur Macht des Kontextes. Der Fokus in den Beiträgen lässt sich entlang der sozialwissenschaftlichen Ebenen (Mikroebene, Mesoebene, Makroebene) differenzieren. Mit Blick auf die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse eröffnet sich die Perspektive einer breit verstandenen Kontextlinguistik, und es werden Impulse und Anknüpfungspunkte für weitere Forschung in den Einzeldisziplinen sowie für disziplinenverbindende Forschung geboten.

Dieses Buch beschreibt aus diskurslinguistischer Perspektive die aktuellen Entwicklungen im gesellschaftlichen Diskussionsfeld Familie am Beispiel Frankreichs. Die Autorin zeigt die Vorgänge der sprachlichen Wirklichkeitskonstruktion durch die systematische Untersuchung vom Sprachgebrauch in der französischen Presse auf, um auf dieser Basis semantischen Wandel zu rekonstruieren. Das semantische Feld um Familienbeziehungen scheint relativ geschlossen und überschaubar zu sein. Dennoch lässt gerade dieses lexikalische Feld in den letzten Jahren eine sehr hohe Anzahl an Neologismen verzeichnen, die mit grundlegenden gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen in Verbindung stehen. Das Buch zielt darauf ab zu beschreiben, wie die Diskursakteure neue Sachverhalte begrifflich festhalten beziehungsweise neue Einstellungen zum Ausdruck bringen und überholte Modelle als solche sprachlich markieren.

Due to the increasing lingua-cultural heterogeneity of today's users of English, it has become necessary to examine politeness, translation and transcultural communication from a different perspective. This book proposes a concept for a transdisciplinary methodology to shed some light onto the opaque relationship between the lingua-cultural biographies of users of English and their patterns of perceiving and realizing politeness in speech acts. The methodology incorporates aspects of CAT tools and business intelligence systems, and is designed for long-term research that can serve as a foundation for theoretical studies or practical contexts, such as customer relationship management and marketing.

Dieser Band sammelt Ergebnisse der sprachwissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen einer französisch-polnisch-deutschen Forschungsgruppe. Die Beiträge behandeln theoretische Probleme und empirische Beobachtungen der Textlinguistik. Der Band ist den semantischen Aspekten von Textanfängen gewidmet und thematisiert verschiedene Texttypen und -sorten. Dazu gehören literarische Texte, ältere Rechtstexte, narrative Erzählungen und Pressetexte. Die Beiträge beinhalten neben den textlinguistischen Ansätzen auch theoretische Überlegungen aus den Bereichen der Phraseologie und der Kognitiven Linguistik.

This book analyzes events and narratives from the points of view of literature, grammar, discourse, and semantics. The contributors explore the issues related to the ways of portraying stories and their events within a cultural and literary framework. They also examine the role of prefixes in construing events and asymmetries that exist in time-creating event markers from a contrastive perspective. The contributions focus on narrativity as a semantic category, and on how events are described in signed languages. They place the event and narrative categories at the center of interest and their specific goals are pursued by applying different, both qualitative and quantitative, research methods.

Der Autor weist in seiner Analyse nach, dass die Textsemantik des Antezedenten die semantische Funktion des Relativsatzes bestimmt und sich erst daraus ableiten lässt, ob ein Relativsatz «identifizierend» oder «prädizierend» ist. Das Buch thematisiert darüber hinaus die Zusammenhänge zwischen der Morphosyntax des Relativsatzes und der semantischen Funktion des Relativsatzes. Hierbei analysiert der Autor die Kasus des Antezedenten und des Relativpronomens sowie die Kontakt- oder Distanzposition des Relativsatzes. Er stellt heraus, welche spezifischen Charakteristika für die Zwischenelemente vor dem Relativsatz bei Distanzposition sowie für die Restelemente nach dem Relativsatz bei Kontaktposition in Frage kommen.

The classification of words in terms of parts of speech is frequently problematic. This book examines the classification of conjunctions and similar words of other classes. It reviews work done from the 19th century to the present on a wide range of languages, including English, German, French, Latin, Ancient Greek, Welsh, Persian, Chinese, Japanese, Ute, and Abun. Most chapters treat conjunctions as opposed to one of the other traditionally recognized parts of speech: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, adpositions, and interjections. The book's major focus is on the terminology used to describe words on or near the borders between conjunctions and other parts of speech, such as «deverbal conjunctions», «conjunctional adverbs», «prepositional conjunctions», and «so-called conjunctions».

Current developments of the Minimalist Program in generative linguistics put the procedure of labeling syntactic objects at the center of the syntax–semantics transition. This book provides a discussion of consequences of such proposals for a proper analysis of different varieties of the operation Merge and their interpretive reflexes, as well as for the general theory of the syntax–semantics relationship. It argues that the absence of substitutional operations in Narrow Syntax should restrict the range of admissible interpretive operations on adjunction structures in the conceptual-intentional component. It also debates that syntactic chains are subject to interpretive procedures properly analyzed with the help of counterpart-theoretic concepts.

The volume contains a selection of articles on current theoretical issues in Translation Studies and literary translation. The authors are experts in their fields from renowned universities in the world. The book will be an indispensable aid for trainers and researchers, but may be of interest to anyone interested or active in translation and interpreting. A companion volume in this series contains articles on audiovisual translation, translator training and domain-specific issues.

The author researches selected synonyms of ‘skinny'and ‘fatty'in the history of the English language from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. The method employed in grouping the analytical material has been dictated by the nature of the processes of semantic change. The author subdivided the quantum of the analysed lexical items into the following type-groups: zoosemy (animal metaphor), foodsemy (food metaphor), plantosemy (plant metaphor), metonymy, reification, eponymy, onomatopoeia, rhyming slang and varia. Surveying a collection of English dictionaries the author makes an attempt to determine the status of a given synonym in present-day English.

The volume contains a selection of articles on current theoretical issues in audiovisual translation, translator training and domain-specific issues. The authors are experts in their fields from renowned universities in the world. The book will be an indispensable aid for trainers and researchers, but may be of interest to anyone interested or active in translation and interpreting. A companion volume in this series contains articles on Translation Studies and literary translation.

The nature of communicative practices today, particularly in the context of digitalized media, has revealed that earlier paradigms on language contact do not prove to be fully satisfactory. Based on 1,507 Facebook posts of German university students participating in the Erasmus exchange program, the analysis aims at exploring how posters draw on their entire repertoire of local and «translocal» semiotic resources in interactions among speakers with diverse language backgrounds. The students under examination participate in actual processes of meaning-making by refashioning the semiotic potential of various features. As a result, the interlocutors create heteroglossic and polycentric posts to decollapse collided and fuzzy contexts and to negotiate potentially large and multiple audiences.

Almost everything that one claims about meaning is likely to be questioned or disputed. Translation studies also abound in numerous controversies. However, there is no doubt that translations entail a transfer of meaning, even if the exact sense of the word'meaning'remains vague. The same applies to the term'translation equivalence'. This book is an attempt to cope with conceptual, terminological, theoretical, and practical difficulties resulting from this nebula of issues. Numerous examples of translated legal, religious and artistic texts are provided to substantiate the claim that translation equivalence, except in the most trivial sense of the term, is indeed a delusion. The book is addressed to all those persons who are interested in mutual relations between semantics and translation studies.

The book offers a novel exploration into the semantic development of English terms concerning the concept of ‘joy'(«bliss», «cheer», «delight», «dream», «game», «gladness», «glee», «joy», and «mirth»). The analysis, carried out within the framework of cognitive and historical linguistics, employs the notions of cognitive domains, profiling, and categorisation. The author adopts a panchronic perspective, according to which language reflects the way speakers experience the world. This allows her to provide a new insight into the intrinsic nature of semantic change.

This book contains a selection of articles on new developments in translation and interpreting studies. It offers a wealth of new and innovative approaches to the didactics of translation and interpreting that may well change the way in which translators and interpreters are trained. They include such issues of current debate as assessment methods and criteria, assessment of competences, graduate employability, placements, skills labs, the perceived skills gap between training and profession, the teaching of terminology, and curriculum design. The authors are experts in their fields from renowned universities in Europe, Africa and North-America. The book will be an indispensable help for trainers and researchers, but may also be of interest to translators and interpreters.

This book treats the faculty of language as part of the Universe subject to physical laws. It presents phenomena from syntax and semantics in the interdisciplinary context. The author analyses the origin of syntax and semantics as autonomous modules (asymmetry), even though they display parallelisms (symmetry). He presents linguistic phenomena in the interdisciplinary context where spontaneous symmetry breaking has a central explanatory role, as it is the case in the physical world.

The book offers an interdisciplinary account of linguistic research. It covers the repertoire of such fields of study as cognitive linguistics, translation studies and glottodidactics. Primarily, it throws light on different aspects concerning modern linguistics research; the reader will become acquainted specifically with the developments in the area of conceptual semantics, humour in translation and quality in foreign language education. The book includes a wide range of topics and aims to reach a broad audience.

Öffentlichkeit gilt als inhomogener Entfaltungsraum gesamtgesellschaftlicher Kommunikation, in welchem das Emotionspotenzial von Texten eine dominierende Rolle einnehmen kann. Die Buchbeiträge verdeutlichen, dass thematisch-semantische Kämpfe heute stärker auf dem Feld des Emotionspotenzials ausgetragen werden, dass das Emotionspotenzial gegenwärtig medienstrategisch wirksam eingesetzt wird, um Rezipienten in ihren Wertvorstellungen zu beeinflussen, dass sich Textsorten aufgrund eines veränderten Verhältnisses von Privatem und Öffentlichem aktuellen Sprachgebrauchsbedingungen anpassen und dass sich neue oder modifizierte Kommunikationsräume auf das Verhältnis von Sprache der Nähe und Sprache der Distanz auswirken. Die Autorinnen/Autoren fokussieren entweder Elemente des Emotionspotenzials oder die textuell-ganzheitliche Emotionskodierung innerhalb von Sprachgebrauchsdomänen, Textsorten und Diskursen.

Den Untersuchungsgegenstand dieser typologischen Studie bildet die Semantik der Körperteilbenennungen (Somatismen) in elf Sprachen, die zu fünf verschiedenen Sprachfamilien gehören. Hierbei geht es insbesondere darum, die Semantik der Körperteilbezeichnungen aus der Perspektive der Universalienforschung zu analysieren. Anhand des Vergleichs werden anschließend typologische Verallgemeinerungen formuliert. Um eine umfassende Darstellung des semantischen Potenzials der Somatismen aufzeigen zu können, werden die entsprechenden lexikalischen Einheiten in diachronen Varianten, im Slang und im Bereich der Fachlexik germanischer und slawischer Sprachen erforscht. Die Klassifikationsgrundlage des Buches bilden konkrete empirische Daten.

This book addresses some methodological problems in the study of tense, aspect and action: How should linguists go about describing these categories and with what terminology? How does our work in this area relate to descriptions of language(s) in general? What research strategies should be explored? Bache discusses the interaction between language-specific grammars and universal grammar, including the problems of analytic directionality, semantic minimalism, and the general metalanguage of universal grammar. The book has several sources of inspiration: generative linguistics, structuralist phonology, glossematics, functional grammar, cognitive semantics and prototype theory. Bache argues strongly for the inclusion of a paradigmatic dimension in the study of the semantics of morphosyntactic categories. Rather than adhering to one particular linguistic school, Bache provides a general description of tense, aspect and action in the form of generalizations that should be accommodated in any theory.