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This volume is a selection of papers presented at the 10th International Conference on Middle English held at the University of Stavanger, Norway from 31 May to 2 June 2017. The collection bridges the gap between traditional ‘linguistic'and ‘literary'topics and provides a holistic view of current research within Middle English studies. The papers are organized under four main headings: The transmission of Middle English texts, Syntax and morphology, Genre and discourse and Textual afterlives. The contributions deal with materials ranging from canonical works such as Chaucer's Canterbury Tales to little-studied texts such as administrative documents and scientific treatises.

Las investigaciones que articulan este volumen se vinculan con todo aquello que se refiere al monacato femenino en América y en la península ibérica. La pluralidad de perspectivas, que abarcan multitud de disciplinas humanísticas (arte, archivística, arquitectura, cine, historia, literatura, etc.), es el componente esencial de la selección de los trabajos que configuran Desde el clamoroso silencio. Asimismo, la gran variedad de temas abordados revela su importancia aun desde una perspectiva cronotópica, puesto que se analiza el monacato femenino en América, España y Portugal, desde la Edad Media hasta la actualidad. El contenido de este monográfico, pues, evidencia la relevancia y el valor que la vida monacal suponía para las mujeres del ámbito luso-hispano.

This book focuses on the constitutive function of feminist rhetoric, i.e. the process of creating and justifying the movement's existence and the role of power. Feminism, like other ideologies, can often exist rhetorically only in opposition to or at war with something that constitutes a vital ideograph of the movement. How this enemy is created and fought is fundamental for the constitutive feminist rhetoric. The enemy is inseparable to the concept of power and dominance, the latter being a key tool of mental control, which creates possibilities for changing the existing reality or establishing an alternative one. Feminist rhetoric is often based on opposition – a war against something, and (re)constructing an alternative reality on the victory – in the opposition to that enemy.

Polish queen Marie Casimire Sobieska, French by birth, left the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the death of her husband king John III and settled in Rome in 1699. Supported by her son, Prince Aleksander Sobieski, the queen dowager created at her Roman residence in Palazzo Zuccari one of Rome's most important opera theatres. She used music and drama to uphold her social status and political plans, satisfy her aesthetic needs, and provide entertainment for the granddaughter under her care, along with her ever more ailing son. This is the first monograph about Sobieska's music patronage. The book describes works by such eminent artists as Carlo S. Capece, Filippo Juvarra, and Domenico Scarlatti, along with the atmosphere of Rome of that time, the sociopolitical role of the festa, and the music theatre genres it employed.

This book is a comprehensive work on the covert operations of the Spanish secret services throughout the 18th century. It is the fruit of a thorough study of what is known today as the intelligence cycle. The Spain of the 18th century, despite its decline on the European scene, continued to be a geopolitical actor on a global scale. The book presents in detail aspects such as obtaining information, its analysis or the financing of espionage networks.

The book discusses how the most severe abuses of political power, traditionally termed from the ancient times as ‘tyranny', were presented in 16th century political philosophy, propaganda, and literature in Italy, France, England, Scotland, German countries, and Poland-Lithuania. Using a unique interdisciplinary methodology, the book is both timeless and timely as it demonstrates various approaches of acknowledged Renaissance intellectuals to the problem of tyranny and how best to avoid or fight it. The author consciously avoids categories of the classic history of ideas or political thought and instead reveals broader intellectual and cultural connections in the perception of tyranny in the 16th century and its impact on modern debates on different dangers of political abuses of power.

In seinem Traktat de fuga in persecutione bezieht der frühchristliche Theologe Tertullian v. Karthago (ca. 160–220 n. Chr.) Stellung zur Frage, ob es für Christen erlaubt sei, in der Verfolgung zu fliehen. Seine ebenso von der klassischen Rhetorik wie der stoischen Philosophie und dem Kontakt zum Montanismus beeinflusste Argumentation kommt zu einem klaren Ergebnis: Einzig Standhaftigkeit und Martyriumsbereitschaft können die rechte Antwort auf die Verfolgung sein. Die vorliegende Publikation bietet eine Einleitung, Übersetzung und umfassende Kommentierung dieser Schrift und versucht, sie mittels eines multiperspektivischen Ansatzes im historischen und theologischen Kontext ihrer Zeit auszulegen.

Como povo marítimo que no século XV iniciou a expansão atlântica europeia, os portugueses entraram cedo em contacto com muitas culturas e línguas diferentes. O contacto entre as línguas fez surgir variações, o que atualmente se traduz numa polifonia no espaço linguístico lusófono e em cujo desenvolvimento ocorreram vários processos de transformação.

Die Studie betrachtet Boten als Medien im Rahmen zentraler Dimensionen der frühmittelalterlichen Kommunikationspraxis. Auf der Grundlage interdisziplinärer Forschungen werden Boten auf breiter Textbasis als körperliche Träger und Vermittler von Kommunikation und Wahrnehmung sowie als Informanten und Zeugen analysiert. Das Buch enthält einen begriffshistorischen Teil, widmet sich der Auswahl von Boten und deren räumlichen Aktionsradien und behandelt agonale Aspekte des Botenwesens. So werden Boten in kulturwissenschaftlich geprägten Themenkreisen verortet, darunter ‹Mündlichkeit und Schriftlichkeit›, ‹Öffentlichkeit› und ‹symbolische Kommunikation› sowie ‹Wissens- und Informationstransfer›. Ein weiterer Fokus liegt auf der Praxis der Mobilität, etwa dem Transport, Reisegeschwindigkeiten, aber auch auf Fragen des Geleits, der Gastlichkeit und Empfänge vor Ort.

Este libro recoge estudios monográficos en homenaje al profesor Emilio Suárez de la Torre, sobre religiosidad y superstición –en particular la magia, pero también la astrología– en la Grecia Antigua. Un grupo de ellos se centran en el estudio de los dioses y héroes griegos, desde la perspectiva mítica y literaria y la cultual. El último apartado se dedica a la cuestión de la religiosidad y el ateísmo en la filosofía y la religión.

700 years of people in Scotland, England, Europe, and the world fighting for freedom, sovereignty, independence and justice are investigated in the essential periods and cultures since the 1320 Declaration of Arbroath: the Middle Ages, the Reformation and Early Modern Age, the English Revolution, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries. Cultural, media, political, and social studies, history, the law, art, philosophy, and literature are used for an analysis of the evolution of human rights, democracy, freedom, individual as well as national independence and justice in connection with past and present threats to them. Threats from politics, the economy, digitalisation, artificial intelligence, people's ignorance. With contributions by Alasdair Allan MSP, Christopher J. Berry, Neil Blain, Alexander Broadie FRSE, Dauvit Broun, Mark P. Bruce, Ewen A. Cameron, Robert Crawford, Ian Duncan, Richard J. Finlay, David Forrest, Edouard Gaudot, Marjory Harper, Sarah Longlands, Ben McConville, David McCrone, Aileen McHarg, John Morrison, Klaus Peter Müller, Hugh O'Donnell, Murray Pittock, Anthony Salamone, David R. Sorensen, Silke Stroh, Christopher A. Whatley and Ben Wray.

This book is a very valuable and timely collection of original essays with brand new and refreshing ideas on alternative solutions for the Cyprus issue from leading experts including academics, policy-makers, politicians, including the current foreign minister and deputy prime minister of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, former foreign minister of Turkey and former MPs, diplomats, bureaucrats and top-ranking military officers. The book also makes a significant contribution to the literature on recent developments including the energy security and hydrocarbon problems in the Eastern Mediterranean. It is also unique in terms of analyzing the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus as a self-proclaimed internationally unrecognized state that is neglected by the international community and scholarly literature. The book has a wide spectrum of readership including, but not limited to, scholars, students, and readers who are interested in Cyprus, Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey, Greece, energy politics, and the hydrocarbon issue.

Die napoleonische «Flurbereinigung» zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts zerstörte vor allem im deutschen Südwesten eine bereits im Spätmittelalter ausgeprägte und in der Frühen Neuzeit weiterentwickelte ordensumfassende Kulturlandschaft. In den zugehörigen Klöstern und Stiften entfalteten sich über Jahrzehnte hinweg in den verschiedensten zivilisatorischen Feldern kulturelle Highlights. Die Beiträge des vorliegenden Bandes präsentieren vielfältige Ansätze zur Untersuchung der sakralen Landschaft Süddeutschlands und der Kulturleistungen geistlicher Institutionen vom späten Mittelalter bis zur Säkularisation und der unmittelbaren Zeit darüber hinaus. Der Bogen der Untersuchungen spannt sich aus über die Themenbereiche Wissenschaft und Bildung, materielle Kultur, Literatur und Kunst sowie Raum und Mobilität.

European culture is rich with diversity and character, developing, maturing, and emerging throughout the course of history. The authors of the book examine the complex nature and multifaceted culture of Europe, developed throughout time, through the lens of philosophy and theology. The authors cover the period from the Persians to the European Union and notice that clashes occurred and reoccurred throughout European history, which had an impact on Europe's identity. Greece clashed against Persia. Islam clashed with Christianity. Christianity clashed within itself during the protestant reformation. The European Union now clashes with Christianity.

Der moderne Zionismus bildete nie eine politische Einheit, sondern vielmehr eine heterogene Bewegung. Wie ihre ZeitgenossInnen waren auch die ZionistInnen in ihrer ideologisch-politischen Entwicklung von gängigen Wissens- und Ideenbeständen beeinflusst und verhandelten in dieser Zeitgebundenheit ihre Vision(en) von einer künftigen jüdischen Heimstätte. Die Beiträge dieses Bandes analysieren AkteurInnen, Agitationsmittel und Diskurse innerhalb der vielseitigen zionistischen Bewegung, die als ‚Zionismen‘ apostrophiert werden. Die AutorInnen hinterfragen herkömmliche Narrative im Hinblick auf individuelle und kollektive Strategien der Identitätsbildung. Sie beleuchten zudem das spannungsreiche Verhältnis der ZionistInnen untereinander sowie ihre ambivalenten Beziehungen zu nichtzionistischen Gruppen.

El presente volumen muestra diversas perspectivas de análisis de la figura del intérprete representadas en el cine. En los doce trabajos que componen el libro se podrá observar que la relación entre el cine, en tanto que arte, y la interpretación, en tanto que profesión, existe desde los inicios del audiovisual. Tanto es así que, en un primer momento, podría pensarse que la representación de figura del intérprete en el cine surgiría a partir de la llegada del cine sonoro, a finales de los años veinte. Sin embargo, como se podrá comprobar en este trabajo, esta representación es anterior a la aparición del sonido en la ficción del séptimo arte.

The last decade was an exceptional period for the Icelandic cinema. The films produced during this time have won many prestigious awards at international festivals. Cinematic images of Iceland eclectically interlace myths, stereotypes and postmodern means of expression. At first glance, the local films obsessively repeat the same themes which might be incomprehensible for a foreign viewer. However, academic research on the most interesting motion pictures creates an opportunity to study the birth and development of small, but energetic and ambitious cinematography. Such an experience also allows analyzing problems related to the system of film production in this sparsely populated country and helps identify challenges during the process of introducing a local culture abroad. Finally, studying Icelandic cinema gives a chance to go on the audiovisual journey through the fascinating culture and unique landscapes. The author of the book analyses popular topics and narrative strategies in Icelandic films. The research covers local versions of black comedies, road movies and crime stories as well as different figures connected with the motif of struggle between tradition and modernity.

As soon as the Spectator model spread from England to continental Europe and began to be incorporated in French, Dutch and German translations and adaptions, the respective journalistic networks and negotiations regularly exceeded local, regional, and even national boundaries and took on international dimensions. The contributions of the present volume outline the historical development and the intricate literary, artistic, journalistic and scientific communication and distribution networks of the moral weeklies and periodical essays inspired by the Spectator prototype in Europe and North America. Thus, these periodicals become visible as parts and products of ramified learned and creative negotiations on genres, writing techniques and topics.

Wer Geschichte in ihrem Wesen begriffen hat, der weiß, dass der Gegenwart immer eine Zukunft, dass dem Heute immer ein Morgen folgt. Jörn Rüsen hat sich mit dem einmal Erreichten nie zufrieden gegeben, sondern hat in den vergangenen fünf Jahrzehnten seit seiner Promotion an der Universität zu Köln immer wieder zentrale wissenschaftliche Beiträge zum besseren Begreifen der Geschichte vorgelegt. Weggefährten sowie Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler aus dem In- und Ausland, die seinen Weg weiter verfolgen, knüpfen in diesem Band an Rüsens Œuvre an und setzen sich mit seinen geschichtstheoretischen, geschichtsdidaktischen und kulturwissenschaftlichen Positionen produktiv auseinander.

Mio Cid e D. Sebastião são figuras centrais no discurso identitário da Península Ibérica. Sobretudo no século XX, marcado por transformações políticas, servem para tomar posição relativamente à situação nacional. O estudo investiga, de uma perspectiva ibérica, o recurso às figuras míticas nas literaturas espanhola e portuguesa do século XX. Exploram-se, por um lado, as construções mútuas de identidade e alteridade e, por outro, os temas que se discutem mediante estas figuras. Situada na intersecção dos Estudos Literários com a Sociologia, a análise centra-se na manifestação literária do discurso mitológico, na sua relação com outros temas e no seu posicionamento no contexto sociopolítico.

Das Buch präsentiert zwei sehr unterschiedliche Textformate: eine Forschungsarbeit von 1974 zur «Patriotischen Gesellschaft in Bern», die jetzt erstmalig gedruckt vorliegt, und eine vorläufige Dokumentation zum Anteil des Basler Ratsherrn Isaak Iselin (1728–1782) an der europäischen Geschichtsphilosophie. Iselin war Gründungsmitglied der Berner Gesellschaft und Autor der ersten deutschsprachigen Geschichtsphilosophie. Die gegenseitige Bezugnahme der beiden Studien zum «Ursprung» des geschichtsphilosophischen Denkens und dem simultanen Beginn der Patriotischen Gesellschaften am Beispiel der Berner zeigt vor allem eins: Sie macht den Anspruch jener Aufklärer plausibel, die theoretische Entwürfe mit der sozioökonomischen Praxis im Bestreben um politische Reformen verbunden wissen wollten.

Die Autorin legt erstmals in einer editionsnahen Form die Protokolle vor, die für ProselytInnen und RevertitInnen beim Eintritt ins Judentum angelegt wurden, nachdem das Interkonfessionelle Gesetz von 1868 den Juden in Österreich die volle Gleichberechtigung brachte. Von nun an war ein Übertritt von Christen und Konfessionslosen zum Judentum möglich und auch Konvertiten zum Christentum konnten zum Judentum zurückkehren. Erforderlich war hierzu lediglich eine amtliche Austrittserklärung aus jener Religionsgemeinschaft, der man zuvor angehört hatte. Der Eintritt ins Judentum erfolgte jedoch nicht bei der politischen Behörde, sondern bei einer Kultusgemeinde, welche die Proselytenprotokolle anlegte. Ergänzt werden die Protokolle durch eine Fülle weiterer Quellen, welche in nicht wenigen Fällen das Motiv der Liebe zu einem Mitglied der jüdischen Gemeinde offenlegen.

Lange Zeit fristete der kulturelle Nationalismus ein Schattendasein in der Forschung. Zu Unrecht, denn der kulturelle Nationalismus spielt eine entscheidende Rolle in der Ausbildung einer nationalen Identität. Indem er die Menschen mit ihrer eigenen Vergangenheit und Kultur konfrontiert, gelingt es den kulturellen Nationalisten, die Nationalität zu etwas Greifbarem zu machen. Dass der Religion in einem solchen Prozess ebenfalls eine entscheidende Bedeutung zukommen konnte, wird anhand Irlands und mit Vergleichen zu Preussisch-Polen deutlich. Dank der Histoire croisée kann dargelegt werden, wie eng das Wirken der kulturellen Nationalisten und der katholischen Geistlichen miteinander verknüpft war und wie stark diese beiden Akteure die nationalen Identitäten Irlands und Polens prägten.

The Soviet Union and the United States were involved in a complicate interplay of ideological, political, social and cultural factors, which wavered between open rivalry and cautious cooperation. Their relationship was fluctuating. Antagonism was accompanied with developing convergence. The main issue of this anthology is to discuss the attractiveness of polarity. Differing from Europe as well as from other parts of the world, both powers were provided with their history to expand their frontiers in the 19th century. Territorial expansion and the discovery of new ideas and ideologies laid the foundation for their geopolitical hegemony in the 20th century. International authoritative scholars from the United States, Switzerland and Germany give fresh insights in a new understanding of 20th-century geopolitics.

«The book offers an opportunity to look at the genesis of national identity as it was constructed in a specific stateless and multicultural context through cultural transfer and the impact of the contemporary media. It explores Polish reactions to the Italian Risorgimento which at the time represented the quintessential struggle for national freedom and offered hope for other oppressed nationalities. The Polish intellectuals were inflamed by the Italian movement, mostly as supporters, but also as its fierce opponents. They took on the Risorgimento's political and civilizational dilemmas, adjusting them to suit their own agendas. By vividly discussing Italy's political prospects they were filling in the half-empty vessel of Polish national identity. As the result of this dialogue, they placed Poland firmly within Western civilization, determined which factors legitimized their nation and defined its religious outlook. The book allows us to discern the external foundations of such empowering national images as the ‘revolutionary Pole'and the ‘Pole Catholic.'» Marta Petrusewicz, City University of New York, Università della Calabria.

In recent years, India has become a favorite metaphor to describe developments and phenomena considered characteristic of globalization. Rapid economic and population growth, environmental degradation, geostrategic rivalries, mega cities, global cultural production: India has it all. A transnational perspective on the 65 years of India's independence has much to offer and some to add to existing studies. The argument is based on the observation that India has a rich history of transnational connections and exchanges, and that it is important to contextualize India's current developments in its transnational history. Much of what has been happening in the past twenty years has roots which reach back much farther. Only if we study India in the world since 1947 we can understand India in the world today and tomorrow.

In Estonia, as in other Eastern European countries, the Stalinist era remains in the center of attention of historians. Politics, repression and resistance dominate the historiography, while everyday life is definitely under-represented. This book attempts to close the gap and focuses on different aspects of everyday life in Stalinist Estonia.

The purpose of this volume is to address the notion of cultural recycling by assessing its applicability to various modes of cultural and theoretical discourse. The word «recycling» is here used collectively to denote phenomena such as cyclicity, repetition, recurrence, renewal, reuse, reproduction, etc., which seem to be inalienable from basic cultural processes. Part of our purpose in proposing this theme is a desire to trace, confront, interrogate, and theorise the surviving phantoms of newness and paradigms of creativity or dreams of originality, and to consider the need, a necessity perhaps, to overcome or sustain them, and, further, to estimate the possibility of cultural survival if it turns out, as it may, that culture is forever to remain an endless recurrence of the same.