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Radon, prevalent in underground spaces, requires continuous monitoring due to health risks. Traditional detectors are often expensive, bulky, and ill-suited for humid environments in underground spaces. This study presents a compact, cost-effective radon detector designed for long-term, online monitoring. It uses a small ionization chamber with natural airflow, avoiding the need for fans or pumps, and includes noise filtering and humidity mitigation. Featuring multi-point networking and easy integration capabilities, this detector significantly enhances radon monitoring in challenging, underground conditions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In this paper, a comprehensive overview on the achievements and generated research results beyond the state-of-the-art is given based on the working structure of the joint metrology research project MetroRADON. The results of the project have been targeted at the implementation of the European Council Directive 2013/59/EURATOM on radiation protection (EU BSS) and benefit European and international standards on radon monitoring, radon measurement and calibration, geographical radon mapping, and guidelines on radiological protection, construction products, radiation instrumentation and nuclear data., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Hannah Wiedner reports financial support was provided by EURAMET European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research. Hannah Wiedner reports a relationship with EURAMET European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research that includes: funding grants., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

In this study, indoor (air) and tap water Radon ( 222 Rn) measurements were performed at various campus areas of Giresun University. The measurement and analysis results were compared with the values recommended by international and national organizations and those reported in literature studies. The measured and calculated values were found to be under the recommended limits. Also, annual effective dose values were evaluated to determine the annual radon exposure of an individual working in the measurement area. Indoor radon concentration values measured by CR-39 detectors were in the range of 76 Bq/m 3 -504 Bq/m 3 and the mean concentration value was obtained as 193.7 Bq/m 3 . The radon concentrations in tap water samples were found to be in the range of 0.98 Bq/L-27.28 Bq/L. The annual mean effective doses (E Wig ) of drinking water samples were calculated in the range of 9.9-150.4 (μSv/y) for ingestion and 0.97-14.84 (μSv/y) for inhalation calculations. Excess life time cancer risk (ELCR) was estimated as 0.54%. Radon dose rate in terms of mean annual working level month was calculated as 0.246 WLM/year. The study was performed with a view to contribute to further studies in the related field and constitute a basis for the measurements conducted in this area., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The present paper describes the prototype of a calibration standard system for radon concentrations to be used in establishing the traceability of radon concentration measurements in dwellings. Radon gas was generated with a radium-226 solid source in a certified volume as a closed system. The activity of the radon that was released in the closed system was determined from the difference between the absolute activity of the standard radium solid source and the residual radon decay products ( 214 Bi or 214 Pb). A high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector, which was calibrated using gamma reference standard sources, was used to measure the activity of a radium solid source and radon decay products ( 214 Bi or 214 Pb). The emanation factor of the 226 Ra source was controlled online with the HPGe detector. Radon activity was achieved at ~1500±45Bq from the radium source at 3.95±0.2kBq under equilibrium conditions. After this activity, the radon gas was transferred into the closed system producing radon activity concentrations of 31.1±0.3kBq/m 3 . Systematic errors were found of less than 4% with a random error around 0.5%. The random error is generally associated with the estimation of the count rate of the measured radon progenies ( 214 Po and 214 Po for alpha measurements or 214 Pb and 214 Bi for gamma measurements), but systematic errors are associated with the errors introduced by the instrumentation and measurement technique. The system that was developed has a high degree of accuracy and can be recommended as a national or regional prototype standard of radon activity concentration to calibrate different working radon measurement devices., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Radon concentration and annual effective doses were measured in drinking water in the Southern Part of West Bank - Palestine, by using both passive and active techniques. 184 samples were collected from various sources i.e. tap water, groundwater, rain waters and mineral waters. It is found that the annual effective dose resulting from inhalation and ingestion of radon emanated from all types of drinking water is negligible compared to the total annual effective dose from indoor radon in the region. Results reveal that there is no significant public health risk from radon ingested and inhalation with drinking water in the study region., (Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)