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Objective: To explore the significant referents of safety perceptions among permanent and temporary employees in order to identify the boundaries of safety climate in a heterogeneous workforce., Method: Collection of data from semi-structured interviews with employees in manufacturing organizations, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to identify basic safety perceptions. Independent raters used content analysis to examine the data., Results: Analysis of the data revealed differences between safety themes at organization, group and individual levels. Themes relating to the individual were more prevalent among temporary employees, while those relating to the group and the organization prevailed among permanent employees., Conclusions: Permanent employees view organizational and group levels as significant referents of safety perceptions, while temporary employees focus on the individual level. The results challenge the current view of safety climate as a uniform concept for all employees and prescribe boundary conditions for safety climate. It is suggested that organizations should implement "tailor-made" safety-climate practices according to the referents of employee sub-groups., (2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The study compares young and older drivers' motives for compliance with traffic laws. Instrumental motives, such as perceived danger of violations, and normative motives, such as a sense of obligation to obey the law, were explored. A questionnaire was administered to 693 male drivers in the Israeli army. The results support previous findings, showing that young drivers' motives for compliance with traffic laws, both instrumental and normative, are weaker than those of older drivers. The differences between the two age groups are larger with regard to normative than to instrumental motives. The commission of traffic violations by young drivers is predicted by the normative motives of a sense of obligation to obey traffic laws and perceived fairness of punishment. The commission of driving violation by older drivers is predicted by the instrumental motive of perceived danger of violations. The differences between young and older drivers' motives are discussed.