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Aims: The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on prevalence of microorganisms and their viability/activity in endodontic periapical lesions., Design: Literature research was performed on five electronic biomedical databases from their start dates to June 2020. Only studies evaluating the presence of microorganisms in periapical lesions in human permanent teeth with secondary/persistent infection were included. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility for inclusion, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias. Meta-analysis and binominal tests were used to analyse the resulting data., Results: From the 1,313 records found, 23 full-texts were included for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The prevalence of microorganisms in endodontic periapical lesions was 87 % (95 % CI, 75-94) and the prevalence of viable/active microorganisms was 82 % (95 % CI, 66-91). There were statistical differences in the geographic area subgroup and between viable bacteria and active viruses. The most common detection method of microorganisms was the molecular one (69 %), and the most prevalent bacteria were the species Actinomyces, Fusobacterium and Prevotella (40 %). Most of the included studies had moderate risk of bias., Conclusions: The prevalence of microorganisms in endodontic periapical lesions was 87 % and the prevalence of viable/active microorganisms was 82 %., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Aims: This systematic review aimed to analyse: a) the presence and the abundance of Fusobacterium; b) the Fusobacterium species most often found, and c) the most common methods used for their identification in oral/head and neck cancer samples., Design: A protocol was registered on PROSPERO database. This review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Literature search was performed on five electronic biomedical databases, namely Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane from their start dates to 30 August 2018. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility for inclusion; extracted the data; and evaluated the risk of bias., Results: From 118 unique abstract records, 88 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 publications were included in this review. Meta-analysis showed an increased prevalence of 6 % (95 % CI, 3-9) of Fusobacterium in tumour lesions than in non-tumour lesions (Fusobacterium prevalence of 16 % in tumour lesions and of 10 % in non-tumour lesions), and a 2.93 higher chance of Fusobacterium being present in tumour lesions (95 % CI, 1.47-5.81). The most common detection methods were based on molecular evidence (64.70 %) (95 % CI, 37.7-84.7). F. nucleatum was the most prevalent species (47.06 %) (95 % CI, 23.5-72)., Conclusion: In conclusion, Fusobacterium is present and in higher abundance in oral/head and neck cancer samples when compared to non-cancer samples, suggesting that Fusobacterium may contribute to oral/head and neck cancer development., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of the crude extracts obtained from Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. (Jucá), Cinnamomum cassia B. (Cinnamon), Mallow sylvestris L. (Mallow), Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary), Aeolanthus suaveolens (Als.) Spreng. (Macassá), Sysygium aromaticum L. (Clove), and Tamarindus indica L. (Tamarind) against oral microorganisms (e.g., Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Parvimonas micra) that produce volatile sulfur compounds (VSC). The pure extracts were placed in culture medium for the diffusion test in agar. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by the microdilution method, and microbial growth was assayed with resazurin. Total polyphenols in the extracts were measured by using the Prussian Blue Method. For the salivary sediment test, the sediments were exposed to the Jucá and Pomegranate extracts, which was followed by incubation and organoleptic measurements with a monitor (Halimeter®) at 1-, 2-, 4-, and 24 -h intervals. The diffusion test revealed mixed results for the extracts. When the zone of inhibition was present, it ranged from 1.6-10.3 mm. The Pomegranate extract was the only extract that inhibited all the evaluated microorganisms; the MIC values ranged from 50 to 400 μg/mL. The Pomegranate and Jucá extracts presented higher levels of polyphenols, 7.3 % and 3.9 %, respectively, and less VSC formation as compared to the negative control. In conclusion, the extracts display antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms. The investigated plants have the potential to reduce the main substances related to halitosis of oral origin., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)