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This paper discussed the design–functionality and application of Flexible Electrical Capacitance Tomography sensor (FlexiECT). The sensors consist of 12 electrodes allocated surrounding the outer layer of the pipeline. The sensor is designed in such that the flexibility features suit the applications in the pipeline of multiple size. This paper also discussed the preliminary result of FlexiECT applications in fluid imaging by identifying the percentage of two mixing fluids.

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) system is useful to obtain information on spatial distribution of dielectric material mixture inside a vessel. This paper discusses a sixteen-electrode mobile ECT sensing system which is developed non-invasively and non-intrusively. Emphases on the software development aspects are presented in several sections; initialization part, normalization part, calibration part, hardware communication part and the image reconstruction part. Thus, the liquid-gas concentration profile of the ECT system is successfully acquired using the software developed.

Optical Tomography (OT) is a form of computed tomography using a digital model of the volume of an object by reconstructing an image of the light transmitted and scattered by the object. OT is used mostly as a form of research in medical imaging. OT depends on the reference object being at least partially light transmitting or translucent, so it works best on soft tissue, such as breast and brain tissue. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a new technology for performing high-resolution cross-sectional imaging. OCT is similar to ultrasound imaging, but uses different types of light instead of sound. OCT can provide cross-sectional images of tissue structure on the micrometer scale and in real time. OCT serves as a kind of optical biopsy and is used as a medical diagnostic imaging technology because, unlike conventional histopathology, it does not require the removal and processing of tissue specimens for microscopic examination. The study was carried out to see how the two types of optical imaging and the use of concepts and components used in the system. The light source is used to show different levels of penetration and resolution for both methods is used. The use of an interferometer in optical imaging applications is discussed along with examples of commonly used methods. The optical imaging method contributes significantly to the diversity of tomography systems.

The inspection system is crucial to ensure the system is always in a good condition. A technique that can be used for inspection system is process tomography. By promising non-destructive approach; various types of process tomography applied in civil, manufacturing and electrical applications. The purpose of this paper is to review the types of process tomography such as ultrasonic tomography, x-ray tomography, optical tomography, electrical resistance tomography, and electrical impedance tomography that had been applied to the inspection system. Variety techniques of inspection based on those sensors briefly discussed in this paper. The result showed that the process tomography expanded tremendously in the inspection system. Finally, a potential future research on the inspection system in the civil application proposed in this paper.

The advantage of using a tomography system is that it provides visualization of component distributions inside a pipe or a process vessel. Tomography is widely used in the medical field. Due to its non-intrusive nature, tomography has caught the interest of various researchers in process applications. There is an extensive research using ultrasonic tomography for various applications. This paper is a review which expounds the principles of ultrasonic tomography systems, the hardware, and the software used in such systems.

Tomography is a method that has been used for image reconstruction in the medical and engineering fields. Optical tomography is one of the various methods applied in tomography systems. This tomography method is widely used in the medical and processing industries fields because of its special characteristics, such as immunity to electrical noise and interference, high resolution and its hard field sensors. The basic principle of the optical tomography system in measuring an object is based on its wave and radiation source. This article is a review of the characteristics of light and its interaction with matter, the types of optical tomography system, the basic construction of an optical tomography system, types of optoelectronic sensors and image reconstruction.

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is one of process tomography technique which is developed rapidly in recent years. ECT is an imaging technique to obtain the internal permittivity distribution of a vessel or pipe by using capacitance electrodes sensor. This method has been integrated with ultrasonic tomography as multimodality system to perform multiphase flow measurement such as crude oil separation and oil process industry. In the present paper, a novel type of ECT sensor was developed using copper FR4 material. The electrode sensors can be flexibly bend or curve to fit the pipe surface for optimum measurement. Thus, every single sensor strip is designed to be functioned independently. Such system has lower sensing capability in the central of the sensing area which often contributes to poor imaging result. This problem can be overcome by combining the ECT with ultrasonic tomography to form a dual modality tomography system. By implementing the new ECT sensor, multiphase flow measurement image results can be achieved. The reconstructed image results are presented in this paper.