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With the aim to explore the use of tree pruning waste as replacement material in papermaking, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of soda pulping concentration on the tear resistance and surface morphology of the fabricated papers. By varying the sodium hydroxide concentration from 5% to 25%, tree pruning waste papers with different tear resistance and surface morphology were fabricated. The tree pruning waste papers with the optimum tear resistance (73049.68 mN) was produced when the pulping medium was prepared at 20% sodium hydroxide concentration. As confirmed by the morphology study, the pulp fibres with improved interlocking surface morphology was produced at 20% sodium hydroxide concentration. Beyond that, fibre fibrillation had took place and exerted negative impact on the tear resistance of the papers. The present study confirms the use of tree pruning waste as an alternative in papermaking. Nonetheless, the soda pulping concentration must be properly regulated in order to maximize the performance of the fabricated paper products.&nbsp

With the aim to explore the use of tree pruning waste as replacement material in papermaking, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of soda pulping concentration on the tear resistance and surface morphology of the fabricated papers. By varying the sodium hydroxide concentration from 5% to 25%, tree pruning waste papers with different tear resistance and surface morphology were fabricated. The tree pruning waste papers with the optimum tear resistance (73049.68 mN) was produced when the pulping medium was prepared at 20% sodium hydroxide concentration. As confirmed by the morphology study, the pulp fibres with improved interlocking surface morphology was produced at 20% sodium hydroxide concentration. Beyond that, fibre fibrillation had took place and exerted negative impact on the tear resistance of the papers. The present study confirms the use of tree pruning waste as an alternative in papermaking. Nonetheless, the soda pulping concentration must be properly regulated in order to maximize the performance of the fabricated paper products.&nbsp

A Nd:YAG pulsed laser with wavelength of 1.06 mm can cause a tremendous damage when interacts with material. In this study the effects of Nd:YAG laser interactions onto paper are reported. A combination lens technique was used with different focal length of lens. The target material that is a photographic paper was positioned at a focal spot of the laser beam. IR laser pulsed with peak power up to megawatt (MW) is brought to focus thus interacts with the photographic paper. This high-power impact of the laser pulsed shockwave caused a tremendeous damage on the photographic paper. Measurement of the impact was base on the surface size of the damage. From the observation result it shows that the maximum damage diameter for short lens system is 0.613 mm at peak power of 21.93 MW, whereas the maximum damage diameter for long lens system is 1.224 mm at 22.25 MW peak power.

A Nd:YAG pulsed laser with wavelength of 1.06 mm can cause a tremendous damage when interacts with material. In this study the effects of Nd:YAG laser interactions onto paper are reported. A combination lens technique was used with different focal length of lens. The target material that is a photographic paper was positioned at a focal spot of the laser beam. IR laser pulsed with peak power up to megawatt (MW) is brought to focus thus interacts with the photographic paper. This high-power impact of the laser pulsed shockwave caused a tremendeous damage on the photographic paper. Measurement of the impact was base on the surface size of the damage. From the observation result it shows that the maximum damage diameter for short lens system is 0.613 mm at peak power of 21.93 MW, whereas the maximum damage diameter for long lens system is 1.224 mm at 22.25 MW peak power.

A Nd:YAG pulsed laser with wavelength of 1.06 mm can cause a tremendous damage when interacts with material. In this study the effects of Nd:YAG laser interactions onto paper are reported. A combination lens technique was used with different focal length of lens. The target material that is a photographic paper was positioned at a focal spot of the laser beam. IR laser pulsed with peak power up to megawatt (MW) is brought to focus thus interacts with the photographic paper. This high-power impact of the laser pulsed shockwave caused a tremendeous damage on the photographic paper. Measurement of the impact was base on the surface size of the damage. From the observation result it shows that the maximum damage diameter for short lens system is 0.613 mm at peak power of 21.93 MW, whereas the maximum damage diameter for long lens system is 1.224 mm at 22.25 MW peak power.