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This paper explores epistemological and historical relationships between "instincts" and "intuition". First, it discusses epistemological connotations of the instinct concept, specifically the implication of a kind of innate knowledge imbedded in the assumption of unlearned behavior as this emerges in evolutionary theory and 19th century comparative psychology. Second, it claims that while the intuition concept foreshadows (in some ways) the appeal to instinct, the instinct concept in turn contributes to changes in the concept of intuition.

Many senior American and British psychologists between c1890 and c1925 were engaged in an attempt to settle on a unified definition of the term "instinct" as a psychological construct. Whilst this enterprise failed, some of its basic concepts underpin today's project of evolutionary psychology. This claim is substantiated by an analysis of the similarities between William McDougall's "Social Psychology" (1908), in which he articulated his theory of instincts, and John Tooby's and Leda Cosmides' "The Psychological Foundations of Culture" (1992). It is argued that Tooby's and Cosmides' approach faces similar problems as were faced by McDougall's theory of instincts.

In this paper, a historical approach to the influence of Pavlov on American psychology is presented. After consider what we call the "received view": Pavlov's influence on American psychology is seen mainly, perhaps solely, as related to behaviorism, we present an alternative view in which the influence of the Russian is interpreted in relation to Florence Edna Mateer (1887-1961), William Horsley Gantt (1892-1980) and Howard Scott Liddell (1895-1962).

This paper centers on the project of the Hungarian psychoanalyst, Imre Hermann, to establish a complete theory of instincts on the basis of a concept of a "clinging instinct." In addition to providing an outline of this concept, I will explore the combined impacts on Hermann's work of both key principles of classical Freudian psychoanalytic theory and local historical conditions.

A study of two conflicts between psychology and Catholic thinking in the twentieth century in the United States suggests that between psychology and religion there are intrinsic contradictions. In the mid-1890s, Edward A. Pace defended the new experimental psychology against attacks by Thomas Hughes, who argued that psychology abandons the soul and encourages utilitarianism in education. In the late 1940s, Fulton J. Sheen attacked psychoanalysis for its reductionism and he asserted the superiority of the sacrament of confession. His critics, mainly Catholic psychoanalysts, claimed that Sheen misrepresented what occurred in psychiatry. Underlying both conflicts were conflicting conceptions of human subjectivity.

In this paper I argue that while McDougall's theory of instincts is widely regarded as having been discarded by mid-1920's psychologists, it in fact continued to be influential in the work of some later psychologists. A case-study is presented which analyzes the development of E.C. Tolman's concept of "demand" (purpose, determining adjustment, instinct) out of McDougall's earlier notion of "instinct".

The split between the theoretical branch and the practice--oriented art of memory psychology has existed for centuries. Whereas the theory of memory involved creation of elaborate models to elucidate the structure and processes of memory, in contrast the art of memory embraced techniques to enhance memory performance. One might expect a close relationship between practice and theory. This is, however, not the case. Theorists and memory artists criticized, fought, or ignored each other, as is demonstrated by examples from the 16th to the 19th century.