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Competing Interests: Dr McNoe reports grants from The Cancer Society of NZ Inc (which provided grant funding for part of Dr McNoe’s salary, administers the SunSmart Schools programme and raises funds from the sale of sunscreen products) during the conduct of this study.

Aim: To assess sun protection policies and practices in New Zealand primary schools., Methods: Principals at 1,243 schools (62% of eligible primary schools) completed a survey about school: 1) provision of personal and environmental sun protection, 2) sun protection practices., Results: Virtually all schools (94%) had a sun protection policy/procedure about which their community was informed (96%). Nearly three-quarters (72%) allowed only sun-protective hats, 28% allowed caps. Almost all schools either enforced or encouraged student hat wearing outdoors. Three-quarters of schools encouraged students to wear broad-spectrum sunscreen of at least SPF30 and most (93%) provided sunscreen at least some of the time. Three-quarters of schools (74%) had at least sufficient shade for passive activities like eating lunch., Conclusions: A substantial improvement in sun protection in primary school settings was observed since a previous survey, but sun protection remains inadequate in many schools and vulnerable students throughout New Zealand deserve equitable protection. Skin cancer is New Zealand's most common cancer, but also highly preventable, yet primary prevention in school settings is not resourced from public funds. Appropriate school sun protection policies and practices can potentially reduce students' exposure to excessive UVR and ultimately reduce skin cancer risk., Competing Interests: Authors report grants and non-financial support from Cancer Society of NZ Inc. during the conduct of the study; grants and non-financial support from Cancer Society of NZ Inc. outside the submitted work.

Aim: Sustained health inequities are experienced by indigenous and minority populations. Accurate ethnicity data are fundamental to healthcare planning and provision and monitoring of health outcomes to address such inequities. This study investigated the accuracy of ethnicity data in a large clinical registry of end-stage kidney disease patients (the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry; ANZDATA) and hospital-based patient clinical records compared with self-reported ethnicity data collected in the 'Dialysis Outcomes in those aged ≥65 years' (DOS65+) study., Methods: Self-reported ethnicity data were collected, as per national guidelines, from DOS65+ participants and compared with ethnicity data recorded for these participants in ANZDATA and hospital-based patient clinical records. Ethnicities were first prioritised and then grouped into one of the following: European, Māori, Pacific, Asian and Other. Cohen's Kappa statistics were calculated to determine overall non-random agreement. Concordances for ethnic group categories were calculated., Results: There was high concordance between self-reported ethnicity and ethnicity recorded in both the ANZDATA (κ=0.95) and hospital-based patient clinical records (κ=0.93). Concordances for ethnic group categories between datasets ranged from 86% to 100%., Conclusion: Our findings show a high level of agreement for ethnicity recorded for end-stage kidney disease patients between the three datasets, suggesting robust data to support health planning and research. Despite this, alignment of ethnicity data collection methods, as per national guidelines, should occur for all databases used for research and clinical practice in New Zealand., Competing Interests: Dr Derrett reports grants, personal fees and non-financial support from EuroQol Group outside the submitted work. Mr Page reports affiliation with Otago Medical Research Foundation—Lions Club of Dunedin South Summer Scholarship during the conduct of the study. Ms Walker reports grants from NZ Lotteries Health Research, grants from Baxter Health Care Research Programme, grants from University of Sydney APA Scholarship outside the submitted work. Mark Marshall is a full employee of Baxter Healthcare (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore.

Aims: In the context of possible regulation, to quantify and describe: (1) indoor tanning businesses in New Zealand; (2) sunbeds available for sale on Trade Me©., Method: In January 2016, we conducted a national audit of businesses potentially providing sunbed services (solariums, beauty-salons, hairdressers, gyms and fitness centres) to assess the availability and cost of indoor tanning services (sunbeds and spray tanning). In addition, Trade Me©, New Zealand's largest auction site for second-hand goods, was monitored for one year to determine whether ex-commercial sunbeds were being sold in the domestic market., Results: Overall, 176 businesses were currently providing sunbeds, which for most (92.4%), were supplementary to other 'non-tanning' services. Of 168 sunbeds for sale on TradeMe©, 42 were ex-commercial., Conclusion: Given scientific evidence that there is no safe level of sunbed use for individuals of any age, a ban on commercial sunbed services would have a significant positive impact on skin cancer incidence. Since few New Zealand businesses depend on providing sunbed services, a ban would have minimal negative economic impact, affecting only a small number of businesses. There should be a total ban on the importation, manufacture, sale and rental of sunbeds for commercial or private use in New Zealand.

Objectives: To estimate the extent of bystander work-related traffic fatal injury for New Zealand as well as the contribution of all bystander events to the total burden of work-related fatal traffic injury and work-related fatal injury in general., Methods: Potential cases were identified from national administrative databases. The circumstances of the deaths in each incident were reviewed directly from coronial files to determine work-relatedness., Results: For 1985-1998 we identified 1447 people whose death was associated with another person's work activity on a public road and who were not working at the time. This compares with 241 "working" and 192 "commuting" deaths on a public road for the same period. Bystanders thus represented approximately 75% of the work-related fatal traffic crash injury problem. We estimate that (on average) approximately 115 bystanders were killed each year and this represents approximately 52% of the total work-related fatality problem., Conclusions: Work-related bystander deaths are a major contributor to work-related injury in New Zealand, the majority occurring in the context of road traffic crashes. These deaths deserve more attention than they have received to date.

Aim: To identify and describe all work-related traffic fatalities in New Zealand between 1985 and 1998 inclusive., Methods: Potential cases were identified from databases held by three national agencies. The circumstances of the deaths in each fatal incident were reviewed directly from coronial files to determine work-relatedness., Results: The rate of work-related fatal injury involving vehicles on a public road was 2.01 per 100,000 workers per year. The rate for worker deaths was 1.11 and that for commuting deaths was 0.89 per 100,000 workers per year., Conclusions: There is a substantial number of work-related crash fatalities each year and these represent a sizeable portion of the total burden of work-related fatalities.