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Purpose: To evaluate the refractive results in patients with intraocular lenses fixated in the sulcus of posterior chamber. Sulcus fixation causes a more anterior position of IOL than had been intended during the preoperative power calculation. A lack of correction of the IOL's power results in a myopic shift., Material and Methods: 27 patients (27 eyes) who underwent cataract surgery by phacoemulsification and foldable IOL MA60BM sulcus fixation due to a posterior capsule rupture at the Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw. The position of the IOL was confirmed by ultrabiomicroscopy. The study included patients with axial lengths ranging from 22 to 25 mm. Patients who suffered from a corneal astigmatism of > 1,00 Dcyl prior to the surgery were excluded from the study. The study also excluded patients with vitreous loss as this causes the anterior chamber to become deeper after vitrectomy, and consequently the IOL might sit in a more posterior position. The difference between the predicted and the postoperative refraction was evaluated., Results: The mean visual acuity was significantly better after cataract surgery. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.0, which occurred in 19 cases (70%). The myopic shift, which was assessed as a mean difference between the predicted and the postoperative refraction after sulcus fixation, was 1.25 D., Conclusions: In order to avoid a myopic shift in the case of sulcus fixation, the IOL power calculation should be adjusted accordingly. The authors recommend that the IOL power should be reduced by approximately 1.25 to 1.50 D in emetropic eyes.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the postoperative refractive oucomes following phacotrabeculectomy and phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation., Materials and Methods: The study involved the patients who underwent surgical pocedures: phacotrabeculectomy and phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in Department of Ophthalmology Medical University of Warsaw since June 2005 to June 2006. A retrospective randomised review of postoperative refractive outcomes of 126 eyes (110 patients): 52 eyes (49 patients) that underwent phacotrabeculectomy and 74 eyes (61 patients) that underwent phacoemulsification in the same time was done. Sex and mean age was simillar in both groups of patients. We analysed the difference between preoperative predicted refractive outcome and the actual postoperative refraction. All surgery procedures were performed by two qualified optical surgeons and biometry measurements were performed by two qualified doctors., Results and Conclusions: No significant difference was found between predicted errors following phacotrabeculectomy and phacoemulsification.

Diabetes is associated with a hypercoagulable state. Eighty percent of patients with diabetes mellitus die due to various thrombotic vascular complications. Disorder of coagulation and fibrynolysis is associated with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. Angiogenesis requires degradation of vascular basement membrane prior to migration and proliferation of endothelial cells. Various serine proteases play important role in this process. The homeostatic system is also the source of endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis. Human serum contains various factors able to induce or suppress formation of new blood vessels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the activity of some angiogenesis inhibitors, anti-proteases, anti-thrombin III, a1 anti-trypsin and a2 anti-plasmin in sera of patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 and non-proliferative retinopathy, and to correlate this activity to total angiogenic potential of these sera, measured by mice cutaneous test. Sera of 22 persons with DM1, aged 33-70 years, 35 persons with DM2, aged 37-79 years, and 51 healthy people, aged 22-80 years (as control group) were studied. Direct serum-induced cutaneous angiogenesis test in mice (SIA) was applied. Berichrom (ade Behring) tests and immunoturbidimetric method were used for evaluation of anti-proteases activity. Angiogenic activity of DM1 patients sera was statistically lower than this parameter in DM2 patients and in control group. Levels of anti-proteases were similar in DM1, DM2 and control group, with one exception: anti-thrombin level was lower in DM2 patients' sera than this in the control group. Analysis of correlation revealed important difference in behaviour of DM1 sera, as compared to other groups. Significant negative correlation was observed between angiogenic activity and anti-thrombin, as well as anti-trypsin level of DM1 patients' sera. On the other hand, correlation analysis performed for the sera of control group revealed significant positive correlation between their angiogenic activity and anti-thrombin level. No other correlations were found.

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common causes of blindness. The majority of studies concerning this problem were performed in patients with late stage of disease, demonstrating proliferative retinopathy, when malformations of retinal vessels became irreversible. Numerous angiogenic factors related to retinal angiogenesis have been described. Among them, VEGF is thought to be the major mediator of proliferative retinopathy. Our present study was performed on sera collected from patients with earlier stage of ocular complications, manifested as background retinopathy. We have believed that the knowledge of the earliest events leading to pathological angiogenesis may be valuable for establishing some prophylactic regimens. Sera of 22 persons with DM1, aged 33-70 years, 37 persons with DM2, aged 37-79 years, 51 healthy people, aged 22-80 years (as controls) were studied. Direct serum-induced cutaneous angiogenesis test in mice (SIA) was applied. VEGF concentration in sera was mesured by ELISA (R & D Systems) test. Angiogenic activity and VEGF concentration of DM1 patients sera were highly statistically lower than these parameters in DM2 patients and controls.

Purpose: Research was aimed at comparison of isolation methods as well as determination of growth and differentiation dynamics of rabbit corneal epithelium (CE) in vitro. Adhesion, growth and differentiation of CE cells growing on collagen membranes were evaluated., Material and Methods: Research was performed on the cells of rabbit corneal epithelium isolated mechanically or enzymatically (Dispase II) from comeas excised at the edge of limbus. CE cells were cultured in media with high or low contents of calcium, with addition of FCS, insulin, cholera toxin and EGF., Results: In comparison with mechanical isolation, enzymatic isolation yielded 4-5 times more living undifferentiated (CE) cells. The highest dynamics of in vitro growth was observed in primary cultures in low-calcium medium supplemented with the above substances. After 20 population doublings cells were differentiated and died. Only few cells on collagen membranes adhered to the collagen but did not enter division., Conclusions: Current research allowed for determination of methodology for CE excision and isolation. Optimal conditions for in vitro growth have been established. Growth dynamics and proliferation of CE in vitro have been evaluated. Growth of CE on standard collagen membrane has not been observed.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to find a correlation between fluorophotometric data, diabetes duration and patient's age., Materials and Methods: A group of 19 patients (38 eyes) aged 11-23 years with juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes, treated for 2-17 years were examined using ocular fluorophotometry. Visual acuity, anterior segment and fundus as well as IOP, fluoroangiography and opacimetry were also examined., Results: Anterior Chamber (AC) and Posterior Vitreous (PV) fluorescein concentration was higher in the group with mild background retinopathy (10 eyes) than in group with normal fundi (28 eyes)., Conclusions: Diabetes duration over 15 years increases the risk of the development of diabetic retinopathy and increases fluorescein leakage through the blood-retinal barrier in juvenile insulin-dependent diabetes patients.

Purpose: Morphological characteristics of established cell line (RtCE) derived from rat anterior corneal epithelium., Material and Methods: Morphology of cultured RtCE cells was evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Anterior corneal epithelium of rat served as control., Results: Both in light and electron microscope we observed morphological similarity with anterior corneal epithelium (several layers of cells, numerous desmosomal connections). Moreover, similar morphological changes were observed in relation to the control material, i.e. degeneration and flattening of cells in superficial layers., Conclusions: The morphological analysis of RtCE cell line proves its usefulness for further cytomorphological, cytogenetical and functional analyses, as well as for evaluation of influence of different physico-chemical and biological factors on growth and regeneration of corneal epithelium in vitro.

The conjunctiva's materials from patients with cicatricial pemphigoid were examined histopathologically and ultrastructurally. Non specific changes were shown at the cellular level: leukocytes infiltrations and increase in the amount of connective tissue which cause the scars. Ultrastructurally increase in the number of collagen fibres and disorders in the structure of basal membrane of epithelium were shown. Pathological changes were located mostly in lamina propria of tunica mucosae.