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The aim of this study is to analyze the volatile composition and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of Polytrichum commune and Antitrichia curtipendula. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) from each species were identified by GC-MS/FID. The main components were biformene (13.06%), α-pinene (6.53%), and bornyl acetate (8.10%) in P. commune. Nonanal and tetradecanal as major compounds were 19.96% and 20.23% in A. curtipendula essential oils, respectively. Antioxidant activity of obtained essential oils was evaluated using in-vitro antioxidant models. There was no significant difference within the groups according to DPPH activity. Also, the essential oil from P. commune showed higher metal-ion chelating activities than that of the essential oil of A. curtipendula. Metal-ion chelating activities varied between 4.1% and 67.4% at the 800 μg/mL concentration, respectively. The antimicrobial activity was tested by a minimal inhibition concentration test. Each moss species showed good antimicrobial activity against microorganisms according to the results of minimal inhibition concentration experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]