Search

The aim of the study is to detect the presence of esophageal motor disorders in type I and II diabetic patients, and to establish whether there is any difference between patients with and without neuropathy. 118 diabetic patients (34 type / and 84 type //) were investigated by water-perfused stationary esophageal manometry. Data were correlated with the presence of peripheral neuropathy. As a result 71% of patients affected by peripheral neuropathy showed manometric abnormalities against the 37% of the patients without neuropathy. Our experience has shown that patients with diabetes mellitus frequently present esophageal symptoms and manometric abnormalities. Manometric study of the esophagus has to be considered a useful investigative tool to manage and monitorize the gastrointestinal abnormalities in patients affected by diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy deficit is a common and serious problem in major surgical patients and is associated with increased rates of complications, length of stay, and mortality. Parenteral nutrition (PN), either alone or in combination with enteral nutrition, can improve nutrient delivery to this kind of patients. Lipids provide a key source of calories within PN formulations, preventing or correcting energy deficits and improving outcomes. In this article, we review the role of parenteral lipid emulsions (LEs) in the management of patients undergone to major surgical procedures and highlight important biologic activities associated with lipids. Soybean-oil-based LEs with high contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were the first widely used formulations in the surgical setting. More recently developed parenteral LEs employ partial substitution of soybean oil with oils providing medium-chain triglycerides, omega-9 monounsaturated fatty acids or omega-3 PUFA. Many of these LEs have demonstrated reduced effects on oxidative stress, immune responses, and inflammation. Ongoing research using adequately designed and well-controlled studies that characterize the biological properties of LEs should assist clinicians in selecting LEs within the surgical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]