Search

Context: There are relatively few data on noncardiovascular (non-CV) long-term clinical outcomes of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4i) treatment. Objective: We aimed to evaluate some non-CV effects of DPP4is in patients with diabetes. Methods: Based on data from the National Health Insurance Service database in Korea (2007-2018), we conducted 3 pairwise comparisons of metformin-combined antidiabetic therapies in adult patients with diabetes: DPP4is vs (1) all other oral antidiabetic agents, (2) sulfonylureas/glinides, and (3) thiazolidinediones (TZDs). Major outcomes were liver cirrhosis, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and cancers in the liver, kidney, and pancreas. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the outcomes were estimated using an adjusted Cox model. Results: Of the 747 124 patients included, 628 217 had received DPP4i therapy for a mean duration of 33.8±25.0 months. Compared with TZD therapy, DPP4i therapy was associated with higher adjusted HRs [95% CIs] for liver cirrhosis (1.267 [1.108-1.449]), ESRD (1.596 [1.139-2.236]), liver cancer (1.117 [1.011-1.235]), and pancreatic cancer (1.158 [1.040-1.290]). Furthermore, apart from liver cirrhosis, a higher risk of each of these outcomes was associated with DPP4i use than with non-DPP4i use. The higher adjusted HRs associated with DPP4i use further increased when patients with long-term exposure to DPP4is were analyzed. Conclusion: DPP4i therapy in patients with diabetes was associated with a higher risk of liver cirrhosis and cancer, ESRD, and pancreatic cancer than TZD therapy and, except for liver cirrhosis, the risk of these outcomes was greater with DPP4i treatment than with non-DPP4i treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study that aims to assess the inhibitory activity of methoxsalen against acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in rats. It notes that the brain tissues of the rats were dissected following the passive avoidance and Y-maze behavioral test for biochemical analysis. Results that methoxsalen is a potent AchE inhibitor, significant in treating and in suppressing the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

The article presents a study on the effects of kaempferol against amyloid beta peptide-induced neurotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) and Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. The study showed that kaempferol have protective effects against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells with the use of in vitro assays. Moreover, in a Y-maze test, administration of kaempferol also reversed amyloid beta peptide-induced impaired performance.

The article presents a study of native Korean plants to find an effective acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor that can be used in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study isolated the AChE inhibitor from the Poncirus trifoliate by solvent partition, open column chromatography, and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The results show that P. trifoliate extract, which has the highest inhibitory activity of 47.31%, can have beneficial effects for neurodegenerative disorders treatment.

The article reports on results of a study designed to clarify the ameliorative effects of zeatin, a development hormone in plants. A description of the experimental set-up and measurement methods is presented. The study concluded that zeatin administration attenuated scopolamine-induced memory damage and decreased AChE activity in the mice.

The article explains the ameliorative effects of ferulic acid on cognitive deficits and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activation in trimethyltin (TMT) induced, memory injured mice following a 28-day ferulic acid treatment. According to the authors, ferulic acid administration attenuated TMT-induced memory injury and a decline in ChAT activity in the mice. They add that ferulic acid might be useful for preventing cognitive dysfunction as well as for boosting the activation of ChAT in dementia.

The article focuses on the demonstration of potent choline acetyltransferase (ChaAT) activating activity among 30 screened Korean edible plants by an ethanolic extract of Allium tuberosum. The ChAT activator was purified and identified as ferulic acid via silica-gel open-column chromatography. The ChAT activity was exhibited in a dose-dependent manner.

The article cites a study that investigated the effects of daidzein from Pueraria thunbergiana on scopolamine-induced impairments of learning and memory. Administration of daidzein to mice was shown to reverse scopolamine-induced amnesia. Injections of scopolamine into mice resulted in impaired performance on Y-maze tests. By way of contrast, mice treated with daidzein prior to the scopolamine injections were noticeably protected from this performance impairment.

Investigates the effects of oleamide on choline acetyltransferase and cognitive activities. Effects of oleamide in Zizyphus jujuba on ChAT activity and isolation of oleamide; Effect of oleamide on scopolamine-induced memory impairment.