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This article discusses the utility of surveillance peritoneal dialysis (PD) effluent cultures following the completion of PD peritonitis treatment. Peritonitis is a common complication of PD and can lead to relapsing or repeating episodes. The current practice recommends follow-up PD effluent leukocyte count and culture to ensure sterilization of the PD effluent. However, this study found that the yield of surveillance cultures and cell count following treatment is extremely low, with only 1% of successfully treated episodes showing positive cultures. The authors suggest that further research is needed to determine the utility of repeat peritoneal effluent culture sampling after treatment. [Extracted from the article]