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Recently there has been much philosophical interest in the analysis of concepts to determine whether they should be removed, revised, or replaced. Enquiry of this kind is referred to as conceptual engineering or conceptual ethics. We will call it revisionary conceptual analysis (RCA). It standardly involves describing the meaning of a concept, evaluating whether it serves its purposes, and prescribing what it should mean. However, this stands in tension with prescriptivism , a metasemantic view which holds that all meaning claims are prescriptions. If prescriptivism is correct, then one is faced with two options: either (1) give up on the possibility of RCA, or (2) come up with a version of RCA that is consistent with the idea that all meaning claims are prescriptive. In this paper we offer an argument for (2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rational belief-change policies are encoded in the so-called AGM revision functions, defined in the prominent work of Alchourrón, Gärdenfors and Makinson. The present article studies an interesting class of well-behaved AGM revision functions, called herein uniform-revision operators (or UR operators, for short). Each UR operator is uniquely defined by means of a single total preorder over all possible worlds, a fact that in turn entails a significantly lower representational cost, relative to an arbitrary AGM revision function, and an embedded solution to the iterated-revision problem, at no extra representational cost. Herein, we first demonstrate how weaker, more expressive—yet, more representationally expensive—types of uniform revision can be defined. Furthermore, we prove that UR operators, essentially, generalize a significant type of belief change, namely, parametrized-difference revision. Lastly, we show that they are (to some extent) relevance-sensitive, as well as that they respect the so-called principle of kinetic consistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Paraphiomys ' simonsi is a phiomorph rodent from the early Oligocene of Egypt (~29–30 Mya) that has historically been aligned with much younger (< ~20 Mya) Miocene species of the genera Paraphiomys and Neosciuromys. Here, we use Bayesian tip-dating analysis of a 109-character morphological matrix containing 57 living and extinct ctenohystricans to test these proposed placements for ' Paraphiomys ' simonsi. Our analyses provide support for the exclusion of ' Paraphiomys ' simonsi from both Paraphiomys and Neosciuromys and justify the establishment of a new genus (Monamys gen. nov.) for this stem thryonomyoid. These analyses also indicate that the divergence of the extant dassie rat Petromus from the extant cane rat Thryonomys (i.e. origin of crown Thryonomyoidea) occurred ~23.7 Mya, close to the Oligocene–Miocene boundary and in close agreement with recent molecular estimates for this split. Miocene Neosciuromys , Paraulacodus , Protohummus and the type species of Paraphiomys are identified as stem thryonomyids, whereas the Namibian species Apodecter stromeri , Tufamys woodi , ' Paraphiomys ' australis and ' Paraphiomys ' roessneri are identified for the first time as stem petromurids, raising the possibility of a long period of endemic petromurid evolution in south-west Africa. Comparison of molecular divergence estimates with our optimal tip-dated topology suggests that stem bathyergoids are most likely to have arisen from late Eocene and early Oligocene 'phiomyids'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phylogeny of the Oriental leafhopper genus Amritodus is reconstructed, for the first time, based on 47 discrete morphological characters and DNA sequence data from one nuclear and two mitochondrial genes. The phylogenetic results show that Amritodus is not monophyletic, and its concept is narrowed here to include four species: Amritodus atkinsoni , Amritodus brevis , Amritodus brevistylus and Amritodus saeedi. The phylogenetic results support establishment of a new genus, Paramritodus gen. nov. , with three new species, Paramritodus triangulus sp. nov. (type species), Paramritodus introflexus sp. nov. , Paramritodus spatiosus sp. nov. and three species previously included in Amritodus : Paramritodus pistacious comb. nov. , Paramritodus flavocapitatus comb. nov. and Paramritodus podocarpus comb. nov. In addition, Amritodus flavoscutatus is transferred from Amritodus to Hyalinocerus as Hyalinocerus flavoscutatus comb. nov. Keys to species of Amritodus and Paramritodus are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parikh's relevance-sensitive axiom (P) for belief revision is open to two different interpretations, i.e. the weak and the strong version of (P), both of which are plausible depending on the context. Given that strong (P) has not received the attention it deserves, in this article, an extended examination of it is conducted. In particular, we point out interesting properties of the semantic characterization of the strong version of (P), as well as a vital feature of it that, potentially, results in a significant drop on the resources required for an implementation of a belief-revision system. Lastly, we shed light on the natural connection between global and local revision functions, via their corresponding semantic characterization, hence, a means for constructing global revision functions from local ones, and vice versa, is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teleosauroidea is a clade of ancient crocodylomorphs that were integral components of coastal marine environments throughout the Jurassic. For nearly two centuries, one of the most familiar genera of teleosauroids has been Steneosaurus , encompassing nearly every teleosauroid species at some point. However, no type species has been designated for Steneosaurus under ICZN Code rules; the type specimen of the presumed type species S. rostromajor Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1825 (MNHN.RJN 134c-d) is a chimera that has been largely neglected in the literature. Moreover, there is confusion as to which teleosauroid species it pertains to, and the genus Steneosaurus is often recovered as paraphyletic or polyphyletic in phylogenetic analyses. As such, the validity of Steneosaurus is uncertain. Here we formally designate S. rostromajor as the type species of Steneosaurus , designate a lectotype and re-evaluate MNHN.RJN 134c-d. We compare it with several well-known teleosauroids, including Lemmysuchus and ' S.' edwardsi. Due to lack of autapomorphic characters, poor preservation and a tortured taxonomic history, we find MNHN.RJN 134c-d to be an undiagnostic and unreliable specimen. Thus, we consider S. rostromajor as a nomen dubium and propose that the genus Steneosaurus is undiagnostic. This has profound implications for teleosauroid phylogenetics, which we will clarify in an upcoming paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neusticomys peruviensis is a poorly known sigmodontine rodent of the tribe Ichthyomyini, represented in collections by only five specimens collected in five localities from lowland forests of central and southern Peru. Recent expeditions in Llanchama, in northern Peru, north of the Río Amazonas, and near Allpahuayo Mishana Natural Reserve (Loreto, Peru), were successful in obtaining three specimens of Neusticomys. Based on morphological and meristic data, we found the population at Llanchama is distinct from the allopatric populations of N. peruviensis , and other species of Neusticomys. A species distribution model also shows the population at Llanchama is not highly predicted by the set of variables of the known localities of N. peruviensis. However, sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome- b gene indicate that genetic distinctiveness is low. Because intraspecific variability is important to understand evolutionary and biogeographic processes, and in concordance with the polytypic species concept, we interpret the population at Llanchama to represent a new subspecies of N. peruviensis that we describe in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phylogenetic study of deep-sea dendrobranchiate genera Altelatipes , Benthesicymus and Benthonectes based on four molecular markers and 91 morphological characters is presented. All currently recognized species of these genera, representatives of all other genera and species groups of Benthesicymidae, and three outgroups were included in the analyses. The molecular and morphological methods retrieved similar results, the molecular methods provided better resolution of deeper nodes and higher clade support. Both types of analyses showed paraphyly of Benthesicymus , which encompass five robust clades, four of which are diagnosed as new genera (type species in parentheses): Benthesicymus s.s. (B. crenatus), Bathicaris gen. nov. (Benthesicymus brasiliensis), Dalicaris gen. nov. (Benthesicymus altus), Trichocaris gen. nov. (Benthesicymus bartletti) and Maorrancaris gen. nov. (Benthesicymus investigatoris). Altelatipes was found to be monophyletic. The evolution of the major clades of Benthesicymidae is shown to be linked to trophic specialization, while further divergence at the genus level is mainly related to sexual evolution seen in the elaboration of the copulatory structures. We provide amended diagnoses of the previously recognized and new genera, key to species of each of these genera and include an updated key to genera of Benthesicymidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we present a taxonomic review of a rarely collected subfamily of lace bugs (Vianaidinae: Tingidae: Heteroptera), including the description of nine new species and one new genus, and a phylogenetic analysis targeting its internal relationships. Anommatocoris araguanus sp. nov., A. knudsoni sp. nov., A. schuhi sp. nov., A. serratus sp. nov., A. sucreanus sp. nov., Thaumamannia insolita sp. nov. and T. urucuana sp. nov. are proposed, in addition to the new genus Henryvianaida gen. nov. with its two macropterous species, H. colombiensis sp. nov. and H. machupicchuensis sp. nov. The monophyly of all vianaidine genera is recovered and their synapomorphies are highlighted. Comments on fossil forms and insights on the future of Vianaidinae taxonomy and systematics are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine tidal heterotardigrades (Echiniscoididae) have gained increasing interest owing to their unique adaptations and evolutionary position, bridging marine and limnoterrestrial taxa. Echiniscoididae was established to accommodate the marine genera Anisonyches and Echiniscoides. However, it has become apparent that Anisonyches , with its claw configuration, median cirrus and seminal receptacles, clearly has little or no affinity to tidal echiniscoidids with supernumerary claws. Consequently, we establish Anisonychidae fam. nov. to accommodate Anisonyches in a paraphyletic Arthrotardigrada and discuss its affinity to other heterotardigrade taxa. We recently split Echiniscoides into Isoechiniscoides and Echiniscoides s.l. The latter remains a miscellany of species complexes and undescribed genera, and it has become evident that a larger number of echiniscoidids belonging to Echiniscoides , Isoechiniscoides and undescribed genera coexist in intertidal sediments. Here, we erect Neoechiniscoides aski gen. nov., sp. nov. from Roscoff, France, which has a unique anal system, characterized by prominent lateral lobes with a set of wing-like structures. Phylogenetic analyses based on COI sequences infer a close relationship between N. aski , an undescribed species from Roscoff and unidentified species from Maine, USA. We propose that the new genus includes the former Echiniscoides species Echiniscoides pollocki and Echiniscoides horningi , which we hereby transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarcosuchus hartii was a top predator that inhabited the fluvial and coastal areas of north-eastern Brazil during the Early Cretaceous. Several fossil remains were recovered during the late 19th and early 20th centuries from strata that outcrop in the Recôncavo Basin in the state of Bahia. A re-analysis of this material shows that S. hartii is a valid species. The Brazilian taxon differs from the African Sarcosuchus imperator in the unique pattern of anastomosing ornamentation observed on the enamel surface. The inclusion of S. hartii in a novel phylogenetic analysis recovered it inside Tethysuchia, a large clade comprising South and North American pholidosaurids along Elosuchidae and Dyrosauridae. The evolutionary origin of Sarcosuchus is likely related to a cladogenesis event that resulted from the break-up of Gondwana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phylogenetic study of the deep-sea genus Bentheogennema is based on four molecular markers and 79 morphological characters. All four previously recognized species and two new species of Bentheogennema , representatives of all other genera and species groups of Benthesicymidae, and three outgroups were included in the analyses. We have examined and coded six major groups of morphological characters related to the carapace (three characters), the pleon and the telson (14), the mouthparts (nine), the armature of the pereopods (five), the thelycum (27) and the petasma (21). Results of morphological and molecular analyses were similar. Two species were transferred from Bentheogennema to other genera (for one of them a new genus was erected) and two new species of Bentheogennema were described. Three pelagic genera (Gennadas , Bentheogennema and a new genus) created a robust clade. The divergence of this clade is linked to 'smoothening' of the body (reduction of the branchiostegal spine on the carapace, reduction and loss of the dorsolateral spines and the end-piece on the telson) and elaboration of the copulatory structures. We provide amended diagnoses of these three pelagic genera and key to species of Bentheogennema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Prior to being largely abandoned due to unacceptably high failure rates and the adverse physiologic reactions to metal ions, metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) and hip resurfacing (HR) were in widespread use throughout the USA, and the potential benefit of decreased volumetric wear rates made it of particular interest to those who serve a young active population, such as military surgeons. The aim of our study was to determine the revision rate of metal on metal hip implants performed at our military institution and obtain current patient reported outcomes from this cohort.Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent MoM total hip arthroplasty (THA) or hip resurfacing (HR) at our institution from 2006 to 2012. Revision status and component type were determined, and patients were contacted to obtain current HOOS JR scores.Results: We identified 103 THAs in 88 patients and 38 HRs in 33 patients, with mean follow up of 10.2 years. Average age at time of surgery was 48 years, and 85% of the patients were male. The mean HOOS JR score in the THA and HR groups were 84.9 ± 17.6 and 75.8 ± 24.9, respectively (p = 0.38), and were not significantly lower in those who were revised. Two THA revisions occurred for metallosis and one for aseptic loosening of the femoral component. One HR revision occurred for breach of the anterior femoral neck, and one occurred for heterotopicossification.Conclusions: Revision rates of MoM THA and HR in this young, predominantly male population were 2.9% and 5.3%, respectively, and patients maintained generally good hip-specific outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reorganization of the Registry of the International Criminal Court (ICC) — known as Re Vision — remains the most comprehensive reform exercise undertaken by the Court in its 20-year history. Despite lawyers being at the forefront of calls for such reforms, few have analysed the context, achievements and limitations of this exercise. This article remedies that lack by analysing the context in which Re Vision arose, and the main features of the project. It evaluates the project's claim to have rendered the Registry a more efficient and effective organ. It also looks to Re Vision's impact on the independence of the ICC, as well as on key court participants including staff, victims and accused persons. Evaluating Re Vision along these lines, the article paints a mixed picture of its results. Such ambiguity provides ICC officials and observers with an opportunity to reflect on the inherent value of managerial reform while also asking fundamental questions about the court's priorities when pursuing reforms like Re Vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, the family Plagiopylidae comprises four genera: Plagiopyla, Lechriopyla, Pseudoplagiopyla and Paraplagiopyla. Despite its cosmopolitan distribution, only a few species currently comprise the genus Plagiopyla, and their data are often incomplete, whereas the other genera are monotypic. Indeed, these anaerobic ciliates are a somewhat challenging issue for protistologists: they have a cryptic lifestyle, they are not easily cultivable and they possess few and cryptic taxonomic features, which makes it extremely difficult to identify them at species level. In the present paper we provide a revision of the family Plagiopylidae based on morphological and molecular analyses, together with the description of two novel species of Plagiopyla, P. ramani sp. nov. and P. narasimhamurtii sp. nov. and a redescription of P. nasuta, all collected from the freshwater Kolleru Lake (Andhra Pradesh, India). We applied an integrative taxonomic approach to characterize these organisms, while introducing the description of novel morphological features not recorded in previous works. After critically revising the family Plagiopylidae, we propose the exclusion of the genus Paraplagiopyla from this family and that the genus Lechriopyla should be considered a junior synonym of Plagiopyla. We consequently propose L. mystax as Plagiopyla mystax comb. nov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The monoterpene isolated from Mentha haplocalyx, 3,3,5-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-4-ol, was synthesized according to its proposed structure. However, the NMR data of the synthetic sample were not in agreement with those reported for the natural product. After considerable efforts, the genuine structure was confirmed as (1R*,2R*)-4-(1′-hydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-1-methylycyclohex-3-ene-1,2-diol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We implement an artefactual field experiment in rural Malawi to study revisions of prior choices regarding future income receipts. This allows examination of intertemporal choice revision and its determinants. New tests provide evidence of self‐control problems for some participants. Revisions of money allocations towards the present are positively associated with refined measures of present‐bias from an earlier survey and with the randomly assigned closeness in time to the first possible date of money disbursement. We find little evidence that revisions of allocations towards the present are associated with spousal preferences for such revision, household shocks, or the financial sophistication of respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occlusive complications after a laparoscopic Roux-in Y gastric bypass (LRYGB), appear mainly as fibrous membranes of wounds, internal hernias or intussusception. Intussusception after a bariatric surgery occurs in 0.1–0.3% of the cases. We present a case of intussusception in a pregnant patient after a LRYGB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The meeting held in May 2014 in Würzburg, Germany, discussed the scope of the revision of the 1999 WHO guidelines for iodine thyroid blocking (ITB) by following the WHO handbook for guideline development. This article describes the process and methods of developing the revised, evidence-based WHO guidelines for ITB following nuclear and radiological accidents, the results of the kick-off meeting as well as further steps taken to complete the revision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the upward revision to the gross domestic product (GDP) of Ghana and Nigeria in 2010 and 2011, which has allowed Ghana to be classified as a lower middle income country by the World Bank Group. An overview of the economic development in Nigeria and Ghana, including statistics and the international community's role in development, is provided. An overview of the economic sectors of Nigeria and Ghana, including the agricultural, industrial and services sectors, is also provided.

The article discusses changes to the way scientists submit proposals to the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)'s Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO). The author notes the uncertainty within the scientific community regarding how the changes will impact their research programs with some viewing the changes as potentially devastating and others taking a wait-and-see approach. An in-depth overview of the changes made by the BIO in August 2011 for the submission of grant proposals in three of its divisions, including Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (MCB), Divisions of Environmental Biology (DEB), and Integrative Organismal Systems (IOS), is presented. INSETS: What happens when funding goes away?;President Obama's fiscal year 2013 budget.

This article concerns a copy of The Institution of a Christen Man (1537) - the first statement of religious doctrine in England following the break with Rome - which has been heavily revised by an anonymous contemporary reader, seemingly in an attempt to create a more Lutheran replacement. Unfortunately for this annotator, whose notes seem not to have contributed to the official revision process, the replacement formulary issued in 1543 expressed a more conservative, rather than more Lutheran, theology. This study begins with a historical account of The Institution, or Bishops' Book as it became known, before turning to a theological assessment of the annotator's revisions, and finally to a tentative suggestion as to his likely identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a multivariate filter which is an optimal (in the mean-squared error sense) approximation to any absolutely summable and stationary distributed lag of a series of interest containing at most one unit root, e.g. the ideal filter that isolates business cycle fluctuations in macroeconomic time series. This requires knowledge of the true second-order moments of the data. Otherwise these can be estimated and we show empirically that the method still leads to significant improvements of the extracted signal in realtime, i.e. in the end of the sample. Contrary to current practice, we allow an arbitrary number of covariates to be employed in the estimation of the signal. We illustrate the application of the filter by constructing a business cycle indicator for the US economy. The filter can additionally be used in any similar signal extraction problem demanding accurate realtime predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a version of the "Books of Homilies," a book containing sermons of the Church of England, that was printed in 1623. The author discusses how a previous version of the book issued by English queen Elizabeth I was combined with the book "The Second Tome of Homilies" for the 1623 edition. He notes that the 1623 edition includes the preface from the previous Elizabethan edition but contains errors and revisions. Editor John Griffiths observed that many of these revisions were present in a 1582 edition of the book.

The article discusses hypermetric verse utilized in an Old English charm intended to prevent theft that is included in legal manuscripts at Corpus Christi College and monastic texts. The author notes speculation regarding whether charms should be categorized as poetry and discusses their inclusion in legal texts. He comments on revisions in the form of the charm during its translation from Latin to Old English and how the incantation conforms to aspects of hypermetric versification. Assonance and rhymes used in the charm are also discussed.

The article discusses an editorial change made to the text of the theatrical production "The Changeling," by Thomas Middleton and William Rowley. The author discusses the first performances of the play and notes it was not published until after Middleton and Rowley's deaths, leading to the inclusion of changes to the text. He discusses how editor Charles Wentworth Dilke incorporated additional words into dialogue between the characters of De Flores and Beatrice regarding a murder in the play and comments that Dilke did not make the change to preserve versification in the play.

The theory of belief revision and merging has recently been applied to judgement aggregation. In this article I argue that judgements are best aggregated by merging the evidence on which they are based, rather than by directly merging the judgements themselves. This leads to a three-step strategy for judgement aggregation. First, merge the evidence bases of the various agents using some method of belief merging. Second, determine which degrees of belief one should adopt on the basis of this merged evidence base, by applying objective Bayesian theory. Third, determine which judgements are appropriate given these degrees of belief by applying a decision-theoretic account of rational judgement formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to introduce a class of distance-based iterated revision operators generated by minimizing the geodesic distance on a graph. Such operators correspond bijectively to metrics and have a simple finite presentation. As distance is generated by distinguishability, our framework is appropriate for modelling contexts where distance is generated by threshold, and therefore, when measurement is erroneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the date that the theatrical production "All Fools," by George Chapman was first performed and how the play may have been revised to reflect policies of English king James I. The author notes a reference to the play in the diary of theatrical producer Philip Henslowe suggesting the play was performed in 1599. The play is listed as having been performed in 1605 and includes references to an increase in knighthoods, which suggests Chapman revised the play following the ascension of James I to the throne. An allusion in the play to the theatrical production "Hamlet," by William Shakespeare, supports the theory that the play was revised.

We look at the problem in belief revision of trying to make inferences about what an agent believed-or will believe-at a given moment, based on an observation of how the agent has responded to some sequence of previous belief revision inputs over time. We adopt a 'reverse engineering' approach to this problem. Assuming a framework for iterated belief revision which is based on sequences, we construct a model of the agent that 'best explains' the observation. Further considerations on this best-explaining model then allow inferences about the agent's epistemic behaviour to be made. We also provide an algorithm which computes this best explanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the use of the discovery of the notebooks by theologians Brooke Foss Westcott in the English revision of the Bible authorized version. The regeneration of the Bible becomes the center of the politicized debates and conflict between the committee members responsible for the New Testament revisions. The discovery of the notebook helps the members in solving their arguments about the revision. The notebook contains the detailed account of the debate that aligns the English biblical scholarship.

The article compares two editions of the Middle English "Lambeth Homilies." It is reported that editor Richard Morris, who edited the homilies in the 19th century, was more conservative in his emendation of the text than Sarah O'Brien, who has compiled a more recent edition of some of the homilies. Details of both Morris and O'Brien's revisions are offered and the author suggests that scholars should continue to study Morris' edition of the "Lambeth Homilies" as it is truer to the manuscript.

This article presents a brief overview of developments relating to the International Court of Justice during 2006 and reports on certain revisions and additions that were introduced to the Practice Directions and on the latest changes in the Court's composition. Finally, a brief outlook is presented on the basis of the status of the Court's docket as on 31 December 2006. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the emendation of he þis in "York Plays XXX 112." Also cited are the move by Richard Beadle to emend he þis in an extant manuscript, the decision by Toulmin Smith to retain the manuscript reading in his edition, and the use of a combination of anglicana ling r and e in the plays.

Numerous prior studies have documented follow up on the success and failure rates of inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) surgery for patients with erectile dysfunction. We additionally collected information on the time from most recent penile implant to revision surgery, etiology of revision, and whether the patient had a prior failed revision surgery. Of the entire patient cohort, the two most common reasons for revision surgery were prosthesis leak and infection at 25 patients (44%) and 8 patients (14%) respectively. [Extracted from the article]

The WHO Health Promotion Glossary was written to facilitate understanding, communication and cooperation among those engaged in health promotion at the local, regional, national and global levels. Two editions of the Glossary have been released, the first in 1986 and the second in 1998, and continued revision of the document is necessary to promote consensus regarding meanings and to take account of developments in thinking and practice. In this update 10 new terms that are to be included in the Glossary are presented. Criteria for the inclusion of terms in the Glossary are that they differentiate health promotion from other health concepts, or have a specific application or meaning when used in relation to health promotion. The terms defined here are: burden of disease; capacity building; evidence-based health promotion; global health; health impact assessment; needs assessment; self-efficacy; social marketing; sustainable health promotion strategies, and; wellness. WHO will continue to periodically update the Health Promotion Glossary to ensure its relevance to the international health promotion community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports developments regarding the activities of AOAC International in the U.S. A national sample collection procedure for visible powders suspected of being biological threat agents has been developed and approved by the association. The methods found in the Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International are being reviewed and updated for users to connect online to OMA's latest revisions. General Referees play a role in the association's peer review process for collaborative study protocols and reports.

The US Department of Energy, Office of Environment, Safety and Health, Office of Health is responsible for maintaining the Department of Energy's occupational radiation protection rule, Title 10 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 835, Occupational Radiation Protection. The Department of Energy is evaluating amending its rule to include the dose assessment methodology recommended in International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publications 60 and 68. On 21 June 2004 the ICRP posted their draft, Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection 2005, which included revisions to the recommended dose assessment methodology. The Department of Energy compared the draft recommendations to determine their effect on the changes the Department of Energy is currently considering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to historicize director Douglas Sirk's use of formal devices and their presumably subversive effects through the particular conditions of Nazi cinema and to problematize assumptions about ideology, genre and authorship as coherent and stable systems. It also explores the use of stylization in the politics of excess and its ideological containment. The existing controversies are driven by the double identities of Detlef Sierck and Sirk, and changing views on melodrama in the context of feminist revisions of the genre. In light of such a complicated structure of rereadings and revisions, a formative work like "Final Chord" seems ideally appropriated to a symptomatic reading.

Previous studies have shown that Tetrahymena citrate synthase and the Tetrahymena 14-nm filament protein are encoded by a single gene and translated from one species of mRNA, and that they are identical in terms of molecular weight, antigenicity, and some enzymatic properties. In this study, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we demonstrated that the citrate synthase comprised pI 7.7 and 8.0 isoforms, while the 14-nm filament protein comprised three isoforms with isoelectric points of 7.7, 8.0, and 8.4. The amino acid sequences of the NH2-terminal portions of all isoforms were identical and the peptide maps with V8 protease were almost the same. In addition, when the citrate synthase activity of each isoform was measured after separation by non-urea isoelectric focusing without denaturing treatment, the pI 7.7 and/or pI 8.0 isoforms exhibited the citrate synthase activity, but the pI 8.4 isoform only found for the 14-nm filament protein did not possess this activity. These results suggest that the polymorphism of these isoforms is caused by some posttranslational modifications, and that it may have resulted in the different compartmentalization and functions of Tetrahymena citrate synthase and the 14-nm filament protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State constitutional amendment and revision procedures differ substantially from formal procedures for amending the U.S. Constitution. Popular participation and frequent change in state constitutions contribute to significant differences between state and national constitutional politics. State constitutions are widely perceived to be "political" documents, whose amendment is not much different from ordinary legislative and electoral politics. The U.S. Constitution is regarded as relatively permanent and "above politics." Neither perception is wholly accurate. Differences bet ween state and national procedures and politics are at issue in the recent revival of state constitutions as sources of civil rights and liberties. An analysis of constitutional amendments suggests that use of the ballot proposition, which is unique to the states, tends to restrict civil rights somewhat in criminal justice while somewhat expanding support for new rights in other areas, including those not fully protected by the national government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the legislation drafting and reader expectation theory. It mentions that author George Gopen has published various works with legislative drafting subject based on reader expectation theory. It state that Gopen has used the reader expectation theory in his revision of provisions in the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). It adds that the article of Gopen is a valuable contribution in the progress of legislative drafting.

The article focuses on the book "The Anatomy of Melancholy," by Robert Burton. It is well known that when Burton came to revise "The Anatomy of Melancholy" for the second edition of 1624, he very considerably expanded the chapter "Satyricall Preface," bringing into it matter found in the first edition in the chapter "The Conclusion of the Author to the Reader"--which disappeared--and adding much new material. He gives no indication why he chose to do this, and it is perhaps idle to speculate about his reasons. Critically, however, the change was of some importance. The effect of this second enlargement of the text was thus to align the book more clearly with the tradition of consolation books, which aimed to assist and sustain the potential victim of religious despair.

In this article the author discusses undergraduate biology education. She argues that in many colleges across the U.S., undergraduate biology does not reflect the advances made in biological research, which have produced a body of biological knowledge that has continued to grow exponentially, or education research, which has revealed insights about effective teaching strategies. An in-depth discussion on three initiatives for improving the undergraduate biology experience for students, including revisions to the Advanced Placement (AP) Biology course and exam by the U.S. College Entrance Examination Board, is presented.

The article focuses on previously unrecorded variants of Alexander Pope's "Epistle to Cobham," which were contained within a volume held in Winchester College library. The author states that these variants suggest Pope's meticulousness in his revisions, especially in regard to his poetry's satire of English Queen Caroline and the defense of satirist Jonathan Swift. Article topics include the difficulty in verifying the variants' authenticity, and a comparison of lines 116-121 of the "Epistle of Cobham" from the 1736 volume and the volume in the Winchester College library.

The article claims that Aaron Hill was the source of an untraced erotic verse quotation cited in the book "Clarissa; or, The History of a Young Lady," by Samuel Richardson. The quotation consists of six lines drawn from Hill's book "Picture of Love." The fact that the quotation stands in subsequent editions could be associated to the vagaries of Richardson's revisions.

An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editor discusses several papers on similarity analysis and iterated revision, aggregating judgments by merging evidence and investigates the problem of judgment aggregation.