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Objectives: A prior study at our institution showed a marked reduction in reoperation for margin reexcision following the development of an intraoperative frozen section evaluation of margins (FSM) practice on lumpectomy specimens from patients undergoing breast-conserving therapy (BCT). This study aimed to examine the frequency of FSM utilization, FSM pathology performance, and outcomes for BCT patients undergoing margin reexcision only. Methods: Consecutive reexcision-only specimens were reviewed from a 40-month period following the development of the FSM practice. Clinicopathologic features and patient outcomes were assessed. Results: FSM was performed in 46 (30.7%) of 150 reexcision-only operations. Of the 46 operations with FSM, there were 28 (60.9%) true-negative, 12 (26.1%) true- positive, six (13.0%) false-negative, and no false-positive cases. There was no difference in further reexcision, total operations, or conversion to mastectomy among patients with and without FSM. Need for further reexcision was significantly associated with tumor multifocality (P = .008). Conclusions: Despite overall good pathology performance for FSM in reexcision-only specimens, use of FSM did not affect patient outcome. Rather, underlying disease biology appeared most significant in predicting whether adequate surgical margins could be attained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]