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Objectives Hydrolysable tannin fraction (HTF) derived from Terminalia chebula fruit pericarps was assessed for its anti-inflammatory potential in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Its molecular mechanism was also established and compared with individual tannins – chebulagic acid (CH) and corilagin (CO). Methods The effect of HTF on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was studied by estimating the release of NO, ROS, cytokines and changes in nuclear morphology by DAPI staining. Furthermore, the effect of HTF, CO and CH was compared with the expression of p65, p38 and pERK proteins by immunoblotting and the mRNA transcript level of COX-2, iNOS and TNF-α by quantitative PCR. The in-silico interactions of various hydrolysable tannins present in HTF with molecular targets of inflammation were studied using Maestro software. Key findings HTF at the dose levels of 25, 50 and 100 µg/ml was able to decrease the release of NO, ROS and cytokines from LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells without disturbing the cell nuclear morphology. Investigation of molecular mechanism revealed that inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways was responsible for its anti-inflammatory action. The effect of HTF was higher than the individual tannins CH and CO. Conclusion HTF can be developed as an effective anti-inflammatory agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Over past decades, investigation on bioactive polysaccharides extracted from mushroom by heated water reflux has been an emerging field of biomedicine especially in the area of immune stimulation. While studies with macromolecules isolated from remainder residue of aqueous extraction are scarce. In this context, crude polysaccharide from a traditionally edible macrofungus, Russula senecis, was prepared (RuseCap) by alkaline solvent using leftover residue of that conventional process and its structural along with therapeutic properties were evaluated. Key findings Investigation by FT- IR, HPTLC, GC- MS and spectrophotometry showed that the fraction was mainly consisted of carbohydrate with backbone of xylose, rhamnose, mannose and glucose (mostly β-glucan). Besides, RuseCap exhibited strong antioxidant activity evident by radical scavenging (superoxide, hydroxyl, DPPH, ABTS), chelating ability and reduction power where EC50 values ranged from 257 to 4068 μg/ml concentration. In addition, it also exhibited immune-boosting potentiality as the treatment effectively induced proliferation, phagocytosis, nitric oxide production, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, morphological changes and increased transcription level of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6 genes in macrophage cells. Conclusions Overall, the study provided blueprint for extended utilization of R. senecis basidiocarps beyond hot water process and defined use of RuseCap as potent therapeutic agent against free radicals as well as deprived immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactobacilli in the human gastrointestinal tract have beneficial effects on the health of their host. To enhance these effects, the bioactivity of lactobacilli can be fortified through exogenous dietary or pharmacological agents, such as glycoproteins. To elucidate the inductive effect of Zanthoxylum piperitum DC ( ZPDC) glycoprotein on Lactobacillus plantarum L67, we evaluated the radical-scavenging activity, anti-oxidative enzymes ( SOD, GPx and CAT), growth rate, ATPase activity and β-galactosidase activity of this strain. When Lact. plantarum L67 was treated with ZPDC glycoprotein at different concentrations, the intensities of a few SDS- PAGE bands were slightly changed. The amount of a 23 kDa protein was increased upon treatment with increasing concentrations of ZPDC glycoprotein. The results of this study indicate that the radical-scavenging activity for [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which aims to observe the anti-inflammatory effect of cordycepin using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Topics include the incubation and pretreatment of RAW 264.7 cells with cordycepin, adenosine, and LPS concentrations, determining the role of adenosine receptor to cordycepin, and exploring the association of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling in cordycepin's anti-inflammatory activity.

The article focuses on the essential oils (KEO) of Lindera umbellata that can inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells, a mouse leukaemic monocyte macrophage cell line. It analyzes the anti-inflammatory effect of KEO and states that it suppresses LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and can also be used as anti-inflammatory therapeutic products.