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Objectives 3D printed polymeric film intended for topical delivery of berberine (BBR) was developed using stereolithography (SLA) to enhance its local concentrations. PEGDMA was utilized as photopolymerizing resin, with PEG 400 as an inert component to facilitate BBR solubilization and permeation. Methods Three batches of topical films were printed by varying resin and PEG 400 compositions. In-vitro physicochemical characterizations of the 3D printed films were performed using several analytical techniques including ex-vivo drug permeation studies. In-vivo skin irritation studies were also conducted to assess the skin irritation potential. Key findings Films were 3D printed according to design specifications with minimal variations. Microscopic analysis confirmed 3D architecture, while thermal and X-ray diffraction studies revealed amorphous BBR entrapment. Drug permeation study showed effective ex-vivo diffusion up to 344.32 ± 61.20 µg/cm2 after 24.0 h possessing a higher ratio of PEG 400. In-vivo skin irritation studies have suggested the non-irritant nature of printed films. Conclusions Results indicated the suitability of SLA 3D printing for topical application in the treatment of skin diseases. The presence of PEG 400 in the printed 3D films facilitated BBR diffusion, resulting in an improved flux in ex-vivo model and non-irritant properties in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farnesol (FAR) is a sesquiterpene molecule with high lipophilicity that has antibacterial and other pharmacological properties along with broad nutritional values with high commercial values. Although having potential, FAR stability behavior and degradation kinetics are not available in the literature. Hence, it is very essential to develop a simple, rapid, accurate, precise, robust, cheap UHPLC-DAD method for FAR. It was also proposed to study mechanistic insights into FAR under different degradation conditions. Therefore, we hypothesized to do systematic stability studies along with degradation kinetic and accelerated stability studies. The developed method was validated. FAR was studied for stress studies, degradation kinetics and ADMET prediction of degradants. Degradation products were characterized using LC-QTOF-ESI-MS. Developed method consists of an isocratic mobile phase with a wavelength of 215 nm. The percent recoveries for FAR were observed within the acceptance limit of 98–102%. The eight major degradation products were formed during stress studies. FAR follows first-order degradation kinetics. FAR and all degradants were found to have more than 75% good human oral absorption, and are non-toxic. FAR UHPLC-DAD method was developed, validated and performed stability studies to know the possible degradation pattern along with degradation kinetic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]