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Summary: Background: Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) has become one of the most common causes of cicatricial alopecia worldwide. However, there is a lack of clear aetiology and robust clinical trial evidence for the efficacy and safety of agents currently used for treatment. Objectives: To enable data to be collected worldwide on FFA using common criteria and assessment methods. Methods: A multicentre, international group of experts in hair loss was convened by email to create consensus recommendations for clinical trials. Consensus was defined at > 90% agreement on each recommended part of these guidelines. Results: Standardized diagnostic criteria, severity rating, staging, and investigator and patient assessment of scalp hair loss and other clinical features of FFA were created. Conclusions: These guidelines should allow the collection of reliable aggregate data on FFA and advance efforts in both clinical and basic research to close knowledge gaps in this condition. What is already known about this topic? Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a common psychologically debilitating progressive type of hair loss without a clear aetiology or treatments vetted by well‐controlled clinical trials. What does this study add? This paper provides methods for collecting meaningful data on FFA in clinical trials, databases and registries across the globe.These guidelines will promote clinical and basic research on well‐defined populations of patients affected with FFA and provide the means to assess the efficacy and safety of individual treatments. Linked Comment: M. Kinoshita‐Ise. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185: 1092–1093. Plain language summary available online [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Question: Are the concentrations of five criteria air pollutants associated with probabilities of biochemical pregnancy loss and intrauterine pregnancy in women?Summary Answer: Increased concentrations of ambient particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) and after embryo transfer were associated with a decreased probability of intrauterine pregnancy.What Is Known Already: Exposure to high ambient air pollution was suggested to be associated with low fertility and high early pregnancy loss in women.Study Design, Size, Duration: Using a retrospective cohort study design, we analysed 6621 cycles of 4581 patients who underwent one or more fresh IVF cycles at a fertility centre from January 2006 to December 2014, and lived in Seoul at the time of IVF treatment.Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: To estimate patients' individual exposure to air pollution, we computed averages of hourly concentrations of five air pollutants including PM10, NO2, CO, sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) measured at 40 regulatory monitoring sites in Seoul for each of the four exposure periods: period 1 (start of COS to oocyte retrieval), period 2 (oocyte retrieval to embryo transfer), period 3 (embryo transfer to hCG test), and period 4 (start of COS to hCG test). Hazard ratios (HRs) from the time-varying Cox-proportional hazards model were used to estimate probabilities of biochemical pregnancy loss and intrauterine pregnancy for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in each air pollutant concentration during each period, after adjusting for individual characteristics. We tested the robustness of the result using generalised linear mixed model, accounting for within-woman correlation.Main Results and the Role Of Chance: Mean age of the women was 35 years. Average BMI was 20.9 kg/m2 and the study population underwent 1.4 IVF cycles on average. Cumulative pregnancy rate in multiple IVF cycles was 51.3% per person. Survival analysis showed that air pollution during periods 1 and 3 was generally associated with IVF outcomes. Increased NO2 (adjusted HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.99) and CO (0.94, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.00) during period 1 were associated with decreased probability of intrauterine pregnancy. PM10 (0.92, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.99), NO2 (0.93, 95% CI = 0.86, 1.00) and CO (0.93, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.00) levels during period 3 were also inversely associated with intrauterine pregnancy. Both PM10 (1.17, 95% CI: 1.04 1.33) and NO2 (1.18, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.34) during period 3 showed positive associations with biochemical pregnancy loss.Limitations, Reasons For Caution: The district-specific ambient air pollution treated as an individual exposure may not represent the actual level of each woman's exposure to air pollution. Smoking, working status, parity or gravidity of women, and semen analysis data were not included in the analysis.Wider Implications Of the Findings: This study provided evidence of an association between increased ambient concentrations of PM10, NO2 and CO and reduced probabilities for achieving intrauterine pregnancy using multiple IVF cycle data. Specifically, our results indicated that lower intrauterine pregnancy rates in IVF cycles may be linked to ambient air pollution during COS and the post-transfer period.Study Funding/competing Interest(s): This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2013 R1A6A3A04059017, 2016 R1D1A1B03933410 and 2018 R1A2B6004608) and the National Cancer Center of Korea (NCC-1810220-01). The authors report no conflicts of interest.Trial Registration Number: N/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the impact of rice prolamin extract ( RPE) on lipopolysaccharide ( LPS)-induced nuclear factor ( NF)-κ B signalling in intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages, and determined the therapeutic efficacy of RPE in acute murine colitis. The effect of RPE on LPS-induced NF-κ B signalling and proinflammatory gene expression was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT- PCR), Western blotting, immunofluorescence and electrophoretic mobility shift assay ( EMSA). The in-vivo efficacy of RPE was assessed in mice with 3% dextran sulphate sodium ( DSS)-induced colitis. Apoptotic and cellular proliferative activities were evaluated by immunostaining with cleaved caspase-3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA) antibodies. RPE inhibited LPS-induced expression of monocyte chemotactic protein ( MCP)-1, interleukin ( IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor ( TNF)-alpha and LPS-induced NF-κ B signalling in intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages. RPE-fed, DSS-exposed mice showed less weight loss, longer colon length and lower histological score compared to control diet-fed, DSS-exposed mice. Immunostaining analysis revealed a significant decrease of cleaved caspase-3 positive cells in RPE-fed, DSS-exposed mice compared to DSS-exposed mice. Also, the number of PCNA-positive cells within intact colonic crypts decreased significantly in RPE-fed, DSS-exposed mice compared to control diet-fed, DSS-exposed mice. DSS-induced NF-κ B signalling was inhibited by RPE. RPE ameliorates intestinal inflammation by inhibiting NF-κ B activation and modulating intestinal apoptosis and cell proliferation in an acute murine colitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared the performance of female Holstein calves fed either whole milk (WM) or milk replacer (MR) having similar gross compositidn to WM. Calves (n = 20) were separated from their mothers within 2 h of birth, weighed, moved into individual pens, and fed colostrurn (10% of their BW over 2 feed- ings daily) for the first 3 d. Calves were alternately assigned to either WM (n = 10) or MR (n = 10) and were fed using mobile plastic bottles. At each feeding, diluted MR was prepared in buckets by mixing 0.143 kg of MR powder (as-is basis) in 1 L of lukewarm water. Calves on both treatments were fed (1.8 L/feeding) for 4 times daily for the first 25 d of age. Feeding frequency was reduced to 3 times daily for next 5 d, then to 2 times daily for next 14 d, and then to once daily during the last 5 d of the preweaning period. Feed intake, growth, and health variables were monitored until calves were 70 d of age. Mean daily consumption of WM and MR was similar in both treatment groups (P = 0.74). Initial BW of calves fed either WM or MR was similar (42.1 ± 3.3 vs. 41.9 ± 2.9 kg, respectively; P = 0.83). Calves fed WM or MR daily consumed similar amounts of calf starter (1,019 vs. 1,056 g, respectively; P = 0.32), hay (121.5 vs. 126.3 g, respectively; P = 0.30), and water (5.2 vs. 5.0 kg, respectively; P = 0.54). At weaning (d 49) and postweaning (d 70), BW was greater (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively) in calves fed WM than in those fed MR. Mean DM1 from both solid and liquid feeds was not affected by the treatments during the preweaning (P = 0.21) and postweaning (P = 0.16) periods. Body weight gain efficiency during preweaning and overall was improved (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively) in calves fed WM than in those fed MR. Health (days scoured, recta,1 temperature, respiratory score, and general appearance score) and serum chemistry variables (glucose, total protein, urea N, nonesterified fatty acids, and creatinine) in calves were not affected (P ≥ 0.12 and P ≥ 0.12, respectively) by the treatments. Even though gross composition of the MR and WM was similar, growth was greater in calves fed WM. Calves fed WM consumed similar amounts of DM and were heavier than those fed MR, probably because of better bioavailability (digestion and assimilation) of nutrients and availability of some unknown growth factors from WM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a letter to the editor about the use of cyclosporin in treating discoid lupus erythematosus.

Summary Trichosporon cutaneum , a saprophytic fungal organism normally found in the soil, has been increasingly recognized as a cause of life-threatening systemic illness in immunosuppressed patients including those with leukaemia. Cutaneous involvement occurs in about 30% of patients with T. cutaneum septicaemia although disseminated folliculitis has not been described to our knowledge. We now describe a case of T. cutaneum follicultis due to fungaemia in a neutropenic patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nodular cystic fat necrosis shows a distinctive spectrum of clinical and histological features. Most of the lesions are mobile subcutaneous nodules in regions vulnerable to trauma, such as the elbows, knees, and shins. There have been no reports of an association with other conditions. The histology is characterized by encapsulated fat necrosis in which multiple, non-viable adipocytes are surrounded by condensed fibrous tissue. We report a case of early stage nodular cystic fat necrosis associated with erythema nodosum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a case of cutaneous tuberculosis presenting as cellulitis. The patient was a 63-year-old Korean woman who also had diabetes mellitus and a 20-year-history of oral corticosteroid medication prescribed for arthralgia. In addition, she had had pulmonary tuberculosis 20-year previously for which she received systemic treatment for 1 year. Her clinical cellulitis failed to respond to antibiotic therapy. Subsequent investigations, using histopathology and polymerase chain reaction, established an alternative diagnosis of cutaneous tuberculosis. The skin eruption cleared after treatment with isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide. This case represents a most unusual presentation of tuberculosis in the skin. The atypical features may reflect the patient's general medical state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a child with tuberous sclerosis and nevus sebaceus. Findings on the physical examination of the child; Observation of brief bursts of spike and slow waves maximal in the left temporo-occipital area; Assessment on the magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.