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The article discusses the findings of a time course analysis conducted on fertilized eggs of the devil stinger, Inimicus japonicus fish. It suggests several factors that cause the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by devil stinger larvae including egg quality, temperature, salinity, and micro-organism contamination. Researchers suggested through analysis that the presence of ROS may be a cause of mass mortality of Inimicus japonicus under an artificial rearing environment.

The article discusses the findings of a study which determined the bioactivity of ascophyllan on splenic natural killer (NK) cells and RAW264.7 cells. It notes that the effects of ascophyllan were tested in vivo for NK cells, while it was in vitro cytotoxic analysis was done for the mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. The experiment confirmed ascophyllan's immunopotentiating characteristic through inducement of high nitric oxide (NO) levels in macrophages.

This study examines how politically interested Internet users perceive blogs as a credible source of news and information. More specifically, this study aims to identify a new possible factor that has a moderating impact on blog credibility assessment in the collaborative nature of digital media circumstances. This study found that blog credibility was predicted by the interaction between blog reliance and online news activity, indicating that those who more actively interact with news and with other users judge blogs as more credible than those who do less so. Implications of the findings were discussed for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the study on the possible toxic effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by Cochlodinium polykrikoides on damselfish. The study conducted bioassays of damselfish using a strand of C. polykrikoides dinoflagellate, which demonstrated high mortality exposure after all the fishes died in 90 minutes. It also mentions that the exact toxic mechanism is not yet determined although possibilities of fish killing activity of C. polykrikoides was affirmed by the experiments.

The article examines the discrepancy between two methods, electron spin resonance (ESR)-spin trapping method and luminol analog (L-012)-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) method, to determine the effect of ferric-protein complexes on superoxide scavenging activity. Results indicate that the presence of such a ferric-protein complex is a causative factor in the discrepancy between the ESR and the luminol CL methods when determining superoxide scavenging activity.

The article investigates the superoxide-scavenging activity of aqueous extracts obtained from dinophycean red tide flagellates by a luminol analog L-012-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) method and an electron spin resonance (ESR)-spin trapping method. The authors compared the activity to that of raphidophycean red tide flagellates. They found that both aqueous extracts from raphidophycean and dinophycean red tide flagellates showed superoxide-scavenging activity in both methods.

Olisthodiscus sp. is classified in the class Raphidophycea of the division Chrysophyta. Other raphidophytes, Heterosigma spp. and Chattonella spp., are well known as the causative organisms of red tides, and are highly toxic to fish. However, the toxic potential of Olisthodiscus spp. has not been established. Recent studies demonstrated that Heterosigma spp. and Chattonella spp. generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2- and H2O2. In this study, we found that Olisthodiscus luteus also produces O2- and H2O2 under normal growth conditions. The levels of O2- and H2O2 produced by O.luteus were comparable to those of Heterosigma akashiwo. We therefore speculated that O.luteus also exerts ROS-mediated harmful effects on surrounding living organisms. In fact, O.luteus inhibited the proliferation of marine bacteria, Vibrio alginolyticus, in a plankton/bacteria co-culture system. Furthermore, the toxic effect of O.luteus on V.alginolyticus was suppressed by the addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Although the detailed mechanism of the production of ROS by O.luteus is still unclear, O2- production was increased by treatment with lectins such as wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), castor bean hemagglutinin (CBH) and concanavalin A (Con A), suggesting that cell surface redox enzymes may be responsible for the production of ROS. This hypothesis was supported by the finding that proteinase K inhibited O2- generation by O.luteus. In conclusion, our results suggest that O.luteus exhibits ROS-mediated harmful effects on surrounding living organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]