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Context The effects of intensity-specific physical activity (PA) and its interaction with other lifestyle factors on serum adiponectin are currently unclear. Objective To investigate the effects of replacing sedentary time with either light-intensity PA (LPA) or moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) on total and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin and to examine interactions with smoking, alcohol drinking, coffee consumption, and menopausal status in a general population. Design/Setting Cross-sectional study of 4013 men and 6050 women (40 to 69 years of age). Main Outcome Measures The associations of replacing sedentary time with LPA or MVPA on total and HMW adiponectin were analyzed using an isotemporal substitution model. Results In men, reallocating 60 minutes of sedentary time to 60 minutes of LPA was associated with 9% and 13% higher total and HMW adiponectin levels even after adjusting for confounders, although such associations were not observed for MVPA. A similar pattern of results was also seen in women. The effect of replacing sedentary time with LPA on adiponectin was clearer in middle/high coffee consumers than in low coffee consumers among women. Although increasing the effect of replacing sedentary time with MVPA on adiponectin was clearer in former/current smokers than in never smokers among men, the replacement effect for MVPA on total adiponectin was clearer in premenopausal women than in postmenopausal women. Conclusions Replacing sedentary time with LPA resulted in increased levels of total and HMW adiponectin. The replacement effects for LPA or MVPA were found to be multiply modified by smoking, coffee consumption, and menopausal status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited epidemiological evidence suggests that genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450 (CYP), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and N-acetyltransferase (NAT) may be involved in tobacco-related hepatocarcinogenesis. We conducted a case–control study, including 209 incident cases with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and two different control groups [275 hospital controls and 381 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) without HCC], to investigate whether CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2E1, GSTM1 and NAT2 polymorphisms are related to the risk of HCC with any interaction with cigarette smoking. Overall, no significant associations with HCC were observed for any genotypes against either control group. However, we found a significant interaction (P = 0.0045) between CYP1A2 -3860G>A polymorphism and current smoking on HCC risk when we compared HCC cases with CLD patients; adjusted odds ratios [ORs; and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)] for G/A and A/A genotypes relative to G/G genotype were 0.28 (0.12–0.66) and 0.18 (0.04–0.94), respectively, among current smokers (P trend = 0.002), as compared with 1.28 (0.80–2.06) and 0.76 (0.34–1.71), respectively, among never/former smokers (P trend = 0.96). Similarly, in CYP1A2 G/G genotype, significant risk increase was observed for current smoking (OR = 4.08, 95% CI = 2.02–8.25) or more recent cigarette use (e.g. pack-years during last 5 years, P trend = 0.0003) but not in G/A and A/A genotypes combined (OR for current smoking = 1.39, 95% CI = 0.63–3.03; P trend for pack-years during last 5 years = 0.40). These results suggest that the CYP1A2 -3860G>A polymorphism modifies the smoking-related HCC risk among CLD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) may play a role in the prevention of colon cancer through exercise, while SPARC is considered as a promoter of insulin resistance. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effects of replacing sedentary time with either light-intensity PA (LPA) or moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) on serum SPARC in a general population. Methods The study subjects were 4000 men and 6040 women (40 to 69 years) who participated in baseline surveys of a population-based cohort study. Sedentary time, LPA, and MVPA were objectively measured by an accelerometer. The serum SPARC concentration was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Using an isotemporal substitution model, cross-sectional associations of replacing sedentary time with either LPA or MVPA on serum SPARC levels were analyzed according to sex. Adjustment was made for potential confounding factors. Results In men, replacing 60 min of sedentary time with 60 min of MVPA was associated with 23 ng/mL (confidence interval -43, -2) lower serum SPARC levels even after adjusting for confounders, including the BMI (P = 0.028), while no such association was observed for LPA. Furthermore, no such significant replacement effects were observed in women. Conclusions The current study showed that replacing sedentary time with MVPA results in reduced serum SPARC concentrations in men. Key messages Effect of habitual PA to decrease circulating SPARC is PA intensity-specific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]