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The paper considers the purposes and evolution of Interpretation Acts, including the following points: •  how, as default law, they inform and interact with other legislation; •  their scope as, and interaction with other, interpretation law (including links with interpretation legislation in related jurisdictions); •  ways they can stop being, or fail to be, great law (that is, law that is accessible, fit for purpose, and constitutionally sound); •  ways policy-makers and drafters can meet the challenges (in Te Reo Māori: ngā wero) of making them, and all the other law that interacts with them, great law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) levels in pancreatic adenocarcinoma may predict survival in patients who receive adjuvant gemcitabine after resection. Methods Microarrays from 434 patients randomized to chemotherapy in the ESPAC-3 trial (plus controls from ESPAC-1/3) were stained with the 10D7G2 anti-hENT1 antibody. Patients were classified as having high hENT1 expression if the mean H score for their cores was above the overall median H score (48). High and low hENTl-expressing groups were compared using Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards models. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Three hundred eighty patients (87.6%) and 1808 cores were suitable and included in the final analysis. Median overall survival for gemcitabine-treated patients (n = 176) was 23.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 18.3 to 26.0) months vs 23.5 (95% CI = 19.8 to 27.3) months for 176 patients treated with 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid (χ²1=0.24; P = .62). Median survival for patients treated with gemcitabine was 17.1 (95% CI = 14.3 to 23.8) months for those with low hENT1 expression vs 26.2 (95% CI = 21.2 to 31.4) months for those with high hENT1 expression (χ²1 = 9.87; P=.002). Fortheö-fluorouracil group, median survival was 25.6 (95% CI = 20.1 to 27.9) and 21.9 (95% CI = 16.0 to 28.3) months for those with low and high hENT1 expression, respectively (χ²1 = 0.83; P = .36). hENT1 levels were not predictive of survival for the 28 patients of the observation group (χ²1 = 0.37; P = .54). Multivariable analysis confirmed hENT1 expression as a predictive marker in gemcitabine-treated (Wald χ² = 9.16; P= .003) but not 5-fluorouracil-treated (Wald χ² = 1-22; P= .27) patients. Conclusions Subject to prospective validation, gemcitabine should not be used for patients with low tumor hENT1 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It's main focus is how legislated examples can, and should, feature in statutory interpretation. But it also addresses: (i) whether a drafter can rely on a legislated example to solve significant problems in the provision the operation of which the example illustrates; and (ii) the risks a drafter faces in trying to interpret authoritatively an enactment that he or she has drafted. Risks of that kind arise even if the drafter's life-long involvement with (‘zeal for’) statute law in general, and special knowledge of the relevant Act in particular, means that his or her views deserve the greatest of respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the explanatory provisions in New Zealand legislation. It presents the definition of explanatory provisions and discusses why they are considered operative provisions and their differences from regular operative provisions. Also tackled were the limited purpose of these provisions and the pros and cons of using them.

The article discusses the decision of the New Zealand Court of Appeal on the Tyler v. Attorney-General. The decisions centered on community wage and ministerial directions and highlighted the decisions granted by the Court of Appeals. Three main issues of the decision are discussed including the usage of the word "may," "section headings," which affect the interpretation of an enactment, and effects of the so-called latent Acts.

Presents an outline of the New Zealand Court of Appeal's decision in Tyler v. Attorney-General. Ways and grounds in granting community wage; Application for an emergency hardship benefit; Usage of the term 'marginal notes.'