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The frequent pairing of electrical machines and Native American spirits in nineteenth-century Spiritualism was a topic first addressed by Werner Sollors in a 1983 article for American Quarterly. Building on Sollors’ observations, this article suggests that the juxtaposition of machines and Indian spirits reflects an alchemical worldview, one that framed Spiritualist conceptions of materiality and spiritual progression. As an industrializing America transformed nature into a modern infrastructure, Andrew Jackson Davis and John Murray Spear spiritualized technology, likening electricity and electrical machines to the rarefied matter of the spirit world. By the same alchemical logic, the rarefication of an Indian-inscribed nature was thought to yield Native American spirits, who circulated in and through the nation's new machines. This narrative has continued to shape the metaphysical imaginary, even as the popularity of Spiritualism has declined, reflecting a sustained meditation on the ultimate meaning of industrialization in America. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents the analytical review of the international and domestic policy of the US government by George Kennan. He feels that the problems of modern living of the American society are to be dealt with first before aiming at a leadership position in world affairs, and there is nothing to seek other countries diplomatically and no greater military effort to defend the country. He feels that the domestic policy was biased and over reacted to fears of Russian domination earlier.

The article discusses an essay by Adna Ferrin Weber on urbanization in the U.S. Weber has compiled and analyzed statistics on urban concentration. He believes that urbanization is a global phenomenon. Webber's European statistics revealed that urbanization did not begin with the nineteenth century. Also, Webber has pointed at industrialization as the principal source of rapid urbanization. It is believed that new forms of industrial production could lead to the development of urban life. Also, there is a lingering notion suggesting that the 19th century urban revolution and the ensuing industrial revolution in the U.S. is international in nature, since a revolution of a similar kind also existed elsewhere and since U.S. industries and cities were linked with other economies.