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To test alternative explanations for the comorbidity between fibromyalgia (FM), a medically unexplained syndrome involving widespread pain, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In contrast to a default “risk factor” hypothesis, tested hypotheses were that: A) The association is due to a sampling bias introduced by the study of care-seeking individuals; B) FM is an additive burden that strains coping resources when confronting life stress; and C) Arousal symptoms of PTSD and FM are confounded. Community-dwelling women in the New York/New Jersey metropolitan area (N=1,312) completed a telephone survey regarding FM-like symptoms prior to September 11, 2001. Approximately 6 months after the World Trade Center terrorist attacks, they again completed the survey, to which questions regarding PTSD symptoms were added. The odds of probable PTSD were more than three times greater in women with FM-like symptoms, both assessed after 9/11. The odds ratio was not reduced by controlling for FM-like symptoms before 9/11 or for the potentially confounded symptoms of PTSD specifically related to arousal. These findings lead us to reject alternate explanations for the comorbidity between FM and PTSD. Speculations that FM and PTSD share psychobiological risk factors remain plausible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the history and reception of the opera `Troubled Island,' by William Grant Still in New York. Impact of negative reviews on the composer and associates of the opera; Revisions done in the opera; Opera as an achievement for the African American culture; Influence of cold-war politics in the closure of the opera.

This paper tells the story of events that led up to a septoplasty and the consequences that followed it. The patient is a medical ethicist. After scratching the inside of a nostril in 1976, he suffered with occasional bleeding and irritation for almost two decades. He tried topical treatment. As this failed, he sought help from an ENT specialist. The paper relates the conduct of the patient and others (friends in the medical field, the patient's spouse, nurses and anesthesiologists) vis-à-vis informed consent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the seventeenth annual conference of American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) held from May 17 to 20, 1962 at the Hotel Sagamore in Lake George, New York. The entire conference was dedicated to the memory of Samuel A. Stouffer. At a special general session, Stouffer's former colleagues, Clyde W. Hart, Philip M Hauser, and Herbert H. Hyman, discussed his recently published collected papers, "Social Research to Test Ideas." The conference was organized into eleven formal sessions in addition to the nine round-table meetings. John W. Riley, delivered his presidential address at the annual banquet. At that time also, the newly created AAPOR Award was presented to Angus Campbell of the University of Michigan. The article also presents abstracts that were prepared by the authors of papers presented at the formal sessions. Summaries of the discussion that took place at round-table meetings and at sonic of the formal sessions were written by their chairmen or by persons whom they designated.

Research conducted at the New York State Reformatory for Women at Bedford under the direction of founding superintendent Katharine Bement Davis produced some of the most influential data on prostitution in the Progressive Era. While Davis and Bedford have figured prominently in histories of the women's prison reform movement, historical studies of the social response to prostitution in the Progressive Era, and feminist biographical accounts of women in early twentieth century reform crusades, the relationship between penal reform and the changing social organization of labor has been overlooked. This paper undertakes a critical reexamination of the Bedford data, demonstrating that while Davis advocated a social scientific approach to reform, she systematically displaced the significance of structural factors at two crucial levels: her studies of inmates and her own philosophy and practice of reform. Studies of inmates discounted the role of economic factors for women's entry into prostitution in favor of explanations that emphasized familial and personal weakness. The institutionalization, training, and parole of inmates functioned not simply to place inmates in domestic service but to effectively disqualify them from other sources of respectable employment. Viewed through the lens of a social organization of labor perspective, a previously neglected dimension of the logic and practice of reform is illuminated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper examines the role of congregations in civil society by examining the relationship between religious involvement and volunteering. We draw on a survey and interviews with respondents from upstate New York to analyze a set of inter-related questions: how does congregational involvement lead people into volunteering and influence the meaning of volunteer activity? How do church members choose a volunteer site? What role do congregations play in generating civic engagement and social capital? We find no liberal/conservative differences either in the likelihood of volunteering or in choosing between secular and religious volunteer opportunities. Rather, we find that social networks and impressions of organizational identity draw people into volunteering and into particular organizations, and that there is a competition between congregations and other civic groups for members' time. We conclude that congregations foster both "loose" and strong connections to civic life for members at different stages of the life course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the holding of the First International Conference on Gilles de Bins, dit Binchois at the Graduate School of the City University of New York, New York, from october 31 to November 1, 1995. Number of papers presented; Interpretation of a sign used by Binchois.

This paper analyzes voting in five 1982 elections in which women ran as major party candidates for high-level offices: Governor in Vermont and Iowa; and U.S. Senator in Missouri, New York, and New Jersey. Results indicate that the sex of the candidate generally has little impact on voting and that solid women candidates can attract cross-over votes, while weaker ones can lose them. The implications of these results are discussed in the concluding section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the response of social settlements to the Great Depression of 1930s. During the depression of the 1930s, only settlements in New York City and Chicago continued the reform activities of the Progressive Era. A social settlement, Chicago Commons, held the first hearing, and many people connected with settlement houses were also deeply involved in the Chicago Workers Committee on Unemployment. Outside New York City and Chicago, virtually no settlement took part in social action to improve economic conditions. The major professional social work organization in the 1930s was the American Association of Social Work. Some of the differences in cities that did and did not have a Community Chest were reflected in attitudes toward various New Deal measures. Until the Social Security Act was passed in August 1935, the New Deal had provided only temporary relief programs, formed in response to the drastic conditions of the depression. The Social Security Act marked a turning point.

From 1913 to 1963 the Republicans held continuous sway over the Board of Supervisors in Dutchess County, New York. In the November election of 1963 party control changed. This paper describes an attempt, by means of interviews with both candidates and voters, to discover the forces motivating voters to abandon their traditional voting habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information about events related to sociology and psychology to be held during June-December, 1960. The Sixty-eighth Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association will be held in Chicago during September 1-7, 1960. The American Sociological Association will convene for its fifty-fifth annual meeting at Statler-Hilton Hotel, New York City, during August 29-31, 1960. The Association for Education in Journalism will hold its 1960 convention at Pennsylvania State University during August 29-September 2, 1960. The program will include sessions on media analysis, for which papers have been solicited from researchers in various fields besides journalism. Further information may be obtained from the Program Chairman, Wayne A. Danielson, School of Journalism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Syracuse University, New York, has announced that the third annual Maxwell Institute on American Overseas Operations would be held at Pinebrook Conference Center, Saranac Lake, New York, during August 14-27, 1960.

The article presents information on the research interview and its measurement. Not only is it the most often used tool in social work practice, the interview is also an essential device in social work research. Information can be gathered by this means when no other method is either adequate or possible, yielding richer qualitative data than many other tools and techniques. However, in spite of its important qualities, the interview as a method for collecting original data in research has one major disadvantage: it fails to provide quantitative data for comparison and measurement of interviews. This paper reports attempts to measure a series of forty-eight recorded interviews together with the methods of question formulation and recording development in an attitude study undertaken by the writer in rehabilitation settings in the New York metropolitan area. The study dealt with two groups of individuals with visible and non-visible physical impairments. The primary purpose of the interviews was to collect data about the subjects' attitudes toward their disability. All forty-eight subjects were male adults of various socioeconomic levels, educational backgrounds, and occupations. Each subject had been interviewed by the same interviewer twice prior to the recorded interview to gather biographical data.

The social and psychological concomitants of cancer are profound and extensive, and a treating physician inevitably needs to grapple with these allied issues. Present medical thinking also holds that it is inadequate to treat a 'disease.' Typically the physician's explanation for restricting his activity to the treatment of disease is that he does not have the time for more than this. It is tacitly assumed thereby that a doctor would have the skillfulness generally to help patients in the broader sense. The authors question this premise and propose that it is rather the other way around. The thinking expressed in this paper is mainly based upon experiences with breast cancer patients attending the tumor clinics of the Bronx Municipal Hospital Center, a New York City general hospital. The authors believe these patients to be representative of the general breast cancer patient population, but this is an inference based upon observation rather than statistical demonstration. Breast cancer patients include women with operable disease as well as patients with advanced inoperable or recurrent postoperative malignancy.

The 1974 American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) Conference was held between May 30-June 2, at the Hotel Sagamore in Bolton Landing, Lake George, New York. It was the twenty-ninth annual conference on public opinion. A stimulating program of twenty-two formal sessions, four methodological open discussions, and eighteen luncheon round-table discussions was organized by conference chairman John P. Robinson under the general theme "Continuities in Public Opinion Research." The AAPOR Award for distinguished achievement was presented this year to Bernard Berelson. The methodological open discussions, a 1974 innovation for AAPOR was developed to encourage critical review of the central methodological issues of public opinion research. While varying in format, they seek to encourage member discussion of short papers presented by the discussion leaders and invited panelists.

This article reports that proceedings of the Annual Conference of the American Association for Public Opinion Research held at Lake George, New York in May 1963, will be published in the winter issue of the journal "Public Opinion Quarterly." This change from the usual practice of including the proceedings in the fall issue was made to allow more time for the assembly and editing of abstracts of papers presented at the conference.

The article discusses the evolution of the State University of New York (SUNY) College at Plattsburgh's history department in relation to the American Historical Association's Tuning the History Discipline in the United States initiative which is designed to provide the history departments at U.S. colleges with guidance on teacher- and learning-related assessments. College student-centered assessments of faculty members and the learning process are examined, along with surveys and assignments.

Background In 2018-2019, large outbreaks of measles occurred in Israel and in New York City, driven in part by travel of unimmunized children between the 2 communities. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted for children tested for measles (March 2018-September 2019) at NYU Langone Health in New York, NY, and in Ramla subdistrict, Israel. Vaccination records were reviewed to determine vaccination status for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) at the time of measles testing and 1-year post-testing. Results A total of 264 children were tested for measles, and 102 (38.6%) had confirmed measles. Only 20 (19.6%) of measles-positive cases received a full 2-dose course of vitamin A. 82.4% of children with measles were ≥1 year at the time of diagnosis and fully eligible for MMR vaccine. Of the 100 measles-positive cases with available vaccine records, 63 were unvaccinated at testing, and 27 remained unimmunized against MMR 1 year later. At testing, measles-negative children were significantly more likely to have received MMR than measles-positive children (65.4% vs 37%, P  < .01). One year later, 70.4% of measles-negative cases and only 57.1% of measles-positive cases had received MMR vaccine (P  = .18). Conclusions The majority of measles cases occurred in unimmunized children eligible for vaccination, and >25% of children in both measles-positive and -negative groups remained unimmunized for MMR 1-year post-outbreak. Our results suggest the need for novel, longitudinal vaccination strategies and increased awareness of the role of vitamin A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses some things we have learned about markets, in the process of designing marketplaces to fix market failures. To work well, marketplaces have to provide thickness, i.e. they need to attract a large enough proportion of the potential participants in the market; they have to overcome the congestion that thickness can bring, by making it possible to consider enough alternative transactions to arrive at good ones; and they need to make it safe and sufficiently simple to participate in the market, as opposed to transacting outside of the market, or having to engage in costly and risky strategic behaviour. I will draw on recent examples of market design ranging from labour markets for doctors and new economists, to kidney exchange, and school choice in New York City and Boston. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the cultural aspects of strikes during 1934 to 1935 in New York City. Details on messages inherent in the strike-drama; Discussions regarding the strikes in Klein's and Ohrbach's stores; Factors causing strikes.

Focuses on teaching the undergraduate seminar for history majors at the State University of New York in Binghamton which rewarded students' efforts with publication of their term projects on the course Web site. Use of Web-based technology in the seminar; Features of the model employed for the 1997 seminar; Project guides.

Focuses on the cultural history distance course on the 2000 Sydney Olympics and African-American athletes offered at the Plattsburgh State University in New York. Information on the designated assignment called Olympic Viewing Assignment; Dynamics of the online classroom; Results of research undertaken by the students.

In response to the threat of school shootings, lockdown drills have become commonplace in K–12 schools throughout the United States. Educators, parents, and others continue to debate the potential disruptive and traumatizing impact drills have on children. A small number of quantitative studies have examined the effects of lockdown drills on students' perceptions of safety, preparedness for crises, and fear and anxiety. Less is known about children's actual lived experiences of lockdown drills. This pilot child-centered qualitative study explored how children ages eight to 11 thought and felt about their experiences of school lockdown drills. Fear was found to be their common emotional response to the drill and, to a lesser extent, so were feelings of safety, annoyance, and excitement. Although children were found to have good understanding of what to do in lockdown drills, they were not always clear about what the purpose of the drills was and what threats the drills were intended to protect against. These findings support professional and advocacy groups' recommendations for planning and implementing lockdown drills and offer original recommendations from children's points of view on ways to mitigate negative outcomes of drills for students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probes the policing tactic of law enforcement for minor offenses called zero tolerance in New York City, New York. Role of policing strategy in the fluctuations of drug-related crime rates; Impact of law enforcement on crack cocaine epidemic; Police contribution to the decline in crime rates; Development of zero tolerance in Great Britain.

Discusses some surveys showing where the public learns about science and the environment, some efforts journalists and the media are taking to improve the public's knowledge in these areas and some of the pressures journalists face in writing about these issues. Roper survey; Scientists' Institute for Public Information; Center for Media and Public Affairs; Executive Trend Watch; Public interest in the environment.

Presents news briefs concerning biologists and biology. Presentation of the National Medal of Science to 20 U.S. researchers by President Ronald Reagan, including biologists Konrad E. Bloch, Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein, Stanley N. Cohen, and Maurice R. Hilleman; Naming of biochemist Richard E. McCarty as director of the Cornell Biotechnology Program; Appointment of Eric A. Fischer, an evolutionary biologist, as deputy director of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama; Appointment of Thomas L. Poulos as director of the Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology at the University of Maryland, and the naming of Walter J. Stevens as associated director.

Examines the implications of the paper ballot election regarding the issuance of licenses for the retail sale of liquors in New York in 1846. Authority of issuing permits to taverns and public houses to serve liquor; Limitations of the law; Opposition of temperance men on the prohibition of liquor sales.

Offers a pragmatic, common sense approach to mounting a successful conference on ethnicity, as seen from the Pace University experience. Committee formation; Funding; Program planning; Publicity; Food.

Seeks to shatter historical infatuations with overly abstract, ideologically driven and institutionally focused treatments of communism and labor in Schenectady, New York. Abandoning of the Communist Party by Dante `Danny' DeCesare, a young trade-union Communist working at the local General Electric plant; Economic interests of white native and ethnic males in establishing unionism.

Focuses on the economic aspects of manorial society in the Hudson Valley area of New York between 1780 to 1850. Nature of landlord-tenant relationships; Problems of leasing manors; Examination of the land lease; Tenant resistance.

Comments on the rise and fall of the American Art-Union in the context of the social role of art and artists in the antebellum North. Management of the organization; Other institutions in New York City for promotion and exhibition of fine art; Reasons for the downfall of the American Art-Union.

Analyzes the factors that contributed to the hyper coverage of suicide stories in `The New York Times' between 1910 and 1920. Monthly coverage of suicide stories; Combination of institutional and human factors; Editor as moral entrepreneur; Suicide as a threat to urban civilization; Relationship with actual suicide figures.

This paper uses census data to examine the distinction between ethnic economy effects and industry effects in the New York SMSA. Focusing only on employees, I compare the attainments of "insiders," that is, of ethnics within their ethnic economy industries, with the attainment of "outsiders" in the same industries. I find little difference. I then examine whether the industries in which ethnic economies are embedded offer all incumbents significantly different outcomes than do non-ethnic economy industries. In slightly over half the industries associated with an ethnic economy, earnings were significantly higher than average; no effect on occupational status was uncovered. These results suggest that industrial location is more consequential than being an "insider." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper describes and analyzes the ongoing process of interaction between proposed budget increases and the margin of voter support involved in annual school budget referenda. The referendum procedures in New York State are described, and proposed budgets and referendum outcomes in 49 districts over 10 years (1971-80) are analyzed. The findings indicate that voters influence subsequently proposed budgets through the referendum process. The analysis shows a positive association between voter support and subsequently proposed budget increases, and a negative association between proposed budget increases and the voter support that they receive. A simple formal model of the ongoing democratic process of budget setting and ratification is developed based on the "cobweb" models of economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper explores the connection between employment trends and state mental hospital admissions first presented by Brenner in Mental Illness and the Economy The analysis is based on employment data for the Buffalo SMSA and admissions to the SMSAs only major public psychiatric hospital for the years 1914 to 1955. We employ a series of specifications in time-series analyses. Our findings contrast with Brenner's; unlike his analysis, ours indicates that employment is positively related to admissions. Consistent with other previous research, hospital capacity is also found to be important in predicting admissions. We offer a number of interpretations for the results, in particular noting the need for the examination of the stressful effects of work itself, not merely its loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents some of the conclusions drawn from a study in the persistence of a social group, much of whose original rationale has been dissipated. The specific organization is that of the Air Wardens in a New York City sector and the time of study is the winter of 1943-44. The sector lies in mid-Manhattan. The inhabitants are predominantly middle class, by any of the usual criteria. Most of them are clerical and professional people, the others are small merchants and artisans. The wardens provide a fairly representative sample of the local population, slightly weighted in favor of the professional group. The number of nominal Air Wardens is between seventy-five and eighty. Of these, thirty or forty can be counted on for regular attendance at meetings and for two hours a week of "sector duty" at headquarters. The differential prestige of the "Old Guard" and the "new wardens" was formalized to some extent in October 1943, when wardens who had served 500 hours or more were awarded service ribbons.

From novelists, poets and historians have come stories steeped in pathos, the romance and the high courage of the people of the South as they fought the devastating effects of the Civil War. Some letters, reports, telegrams, are contained in Governor Jonathan Worth's papers in the North Carolina. Historical Commission at Raleigh, but when the work became very heavy Governor Worth asked the assistance of a committee made up of Daniel M. Barringer and pastors of four leading churches of Raleigh after which the correspondence decreased and soon ceased. The actual distress of the white people in North Carolina can hardly be overestimated. The land owners and business men had the problem of labor, but the poor faced starvation. When news of the distress began to penetrate to the outside world people began to respond in various ways and from many sections. Furthermore assistance of very substantial nature came from the Federal government. New York took up the cause early and made generous contributions to the needy.

Though times have changed since the following statement was included in the "Introductory Remarks" to the Constitution of the New York Typographical Society that "Scarcely any employment can be more laborious than that of publishing a daily morning newspaper.... It requires the united exercise of the mental and bodily labor of the persons employed, for nearly the whole night, and a considerable portion of the day; being seldom able to allot more than seven hours to rest and refreshment," nevertheless, it still remains true that there is perhaps no industry today in which pressure of work is more conspicuously the daily routine of mechanics and staff. In the production of a product, the perishability of which is a matter of a few hours, not only has a high degree of cooperation been imperative, but the necessity of speed has made the newspaper industry one of the most difficult and expensive manufacturing processes. Moreover, no industry except the automobile industry has shown such rapid advance in technique to meet the demands of modem life.

This article presents a report on the queries discussed in the conference of reading development that took place in New York City from January 20-21, and featured social scientists and representatives of the publishing industry. What is the role of the serious or creative book in the social process? This and many other questions formed the agenda of the conference. In this report on the conference the author discusses available research findings on the role of the book and indicates areas where further research is needed. Other questions discussed were, What influence is exerted by the institutional organization of publication (the whole complex of publisher, writer, critic, agent, book-seller, etc.) upon what is published and what is read? How does the publisher select what the public shall have access to? How important is the present system of publicity and distribution in promoting or inhibiting serious reading? What factors in the book itself format, price, content-affect readership?

This article evaluates the general effectiveness of personalizing questionnaire correspondence for New York State Lottery winners. Conversations with lottery officials and comments from respondents indicated that lottery winners are subject to considerable high-pressure selling by sales agents of various kinds subsequent to the announcement of their winnings in the general news media. It seemed possible, therefore, that lottery winners might have an unusual interest in maintaining anonymity in a mail questionnaire study since this would seem to protect them from the danger of further harassment of this kind. In the first mailing the least and most personal forms of correspondence were somewhat superior in securing responses than was the intermediate form, although the finding is not statistically significant and the intermediate form does seem to recover somewhat after the follow-up mailings. The over-all effects of handwritten versus mimeographed follow-up letters were equally inconclusive. Independent of the type of original cover letter, the more personalized handwritten form of correspondence is somewhat less effective in generating response. Furthermore, when the personalized follow-up letter is encountered following the most personalized original letter, it occasions a substantial decline in returns.

In this article, the author discusses new methods of working with disturbed children without parental involvement. Many parents are so burdened with severe economic and health problems, and the care of many children, that researchers find them unable to involve themselves in a lengthy treatment process on behalf of one child. Often the child's problem is not even apparent to his parents, for he may be compliant at home when subjected to harsh treatment. This has been and continues to be a pressing problem for workers in the field, One is aware of the excellent reaching-out efforts many agencies are making all over the country to help the "hard-core cases." The article discusses some efforts to cope with this problem within the Bureau of Child Guidance in New York City. The study has been covered over a two-year period included two days of service in a 1,500-pupil elementary school in a slum section of Brooklyn, a borough of New York. In trying to work with the parents of the children referred, it became apparent that only a small number of them kept appointments, though they lived near the school. Pressing financial, work, housing, and acculturation problems, as well as the size of their families, prevented these mothers from paying so much attention to the one troubled child.

The article discusses the importance of group process in the New York State Training School for Boys in Warwick, New York. From its opening in 1938, the Warwick treatment program had used a clinical team for diagnosis, treatment, interpretation, consultation and staff training. According to the American Psychiatric Association, for every 150 youngsters in residential treatment centers, there should be provided one psychiatrist and one psychologist and for every 30 children, there should be one psychiatric caseworker. Since most of the state training schools have populations of 800 or more, the basic staff required would be two psychiatrists, two psychologists and ten caseworkers. In addition, two case-work supervisors should be added. The clinical personnel at the program fell below these standards. In this connection, it is necessary to face the realities of public budgeting. Public institutions caring for larger populations of children have a per capita of $2,600 to $2,800 at present, without the full complement of professional staff. Even assuming that funds are available, trained staff are not available to meet these requirements.

This paper utilizes opinion poll data to examine the social characteristics of Negroes oriented to violence and nonviolence in New York's Bedford-Stuyvesant ghetto after the 1964 riot there. Although violence-oriented Negroes were found in all segments of the community, the young, recent newcomers to the area, and males were more likely than the old, long-term residents, and females to be violence oriented. Negroes in the lowest income groups were more likely to be violence oriented than those in the highest income group. With the exception of the college- educated group the proportion oriented to violence was found to increase as educational level decreased. Indices of communal participation were examined; regular churchgoers were less likely than irregular attenders to be violence oriented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the forty-second annual conference of the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR). Sixty-five percent of the presenters were from academic positions, a ratio somewhat higher than the membership but not seriously disproportionate in view of the greater motivation that an academic career provides for sharing of findings. The conference committee was divided into two sections, one meeting in New York and one in Chapel Hill, a plan designed to broaden geographical representation and to increase the variety of ideas. To encourage student participation, the Association paid the hotel expenses of persons who helped with registration and book exhibits. Contemporary desktop publishing technology was used to produce an easier-to-read program and an accompanying pocket agenda. Sylvana Smith, an M.A. student at the University of North Carolina, designed and produced both documents. Advertising space was sold in the program. Computer-printed large-type name badges were also introduced, and a computer program kept the log of registrants.

In New York City, between 1880 and 1920, young, unmarried, working-class women experimented with new forms of sexuality and new types of relationships with men very much at odds with our stereotypes of Victorian sexuality and also with middle-class notions of respectability. These New York working women frequented amusements in which familiarity and intermingling among strangers, not decorum, defined normal public behavior between the sexes. Underlying this relaxed sexual style and heterosocial interaction of working-class youth was the custom of treating. Financially unable to reciprocate in kind, women offered sexual favors of varying degrees, ranging from flirtatious companionship to sexual intercourse, in exchange for men's treats.

Reports on the proceedings of the Biennial Conference of the Mozart Society of America at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York in March 2003. Topics at the conference; Participants; Conference activities.

For the past seven months, "International Research Associates," in collaboration with the New York "Herald Tribune," has been engaged in producing the "World Poll," a syndicated weekly feature appearing in some twenty-five newspapers here, and an additional twenty-five in nineteen other countries around the world. The survey findings each week are based on polls conducted in from ten to fifteen countries. The individual problems relating to putting out a feature of this type for public consumption can be broken down into five major areas. Problems vis-a-vis the client newspapers. Here the issues center on such sensitive areas as the announced politics of the subscribing paper, the interests of advertisers, the editor's convictions about audience interest, timing, and newsworthiness. Problems vis-a-vis the readers, such as the relationship of text to figures and other pictorial materials, the use of individual comments, the analysis of sub-groups, the length of the column, the sequence in which the countries are presented, the completeness of the reported tabulations, provision of local contexts and coverage.

The article offers information on the climate policies in California and New York. It mentions the role played by politicians in the two states why their policies were considered as stronger in the U.S. along with the usefulness of the process and structural theories in the policy adoption of the two states. It discusses certain structural advantages and constraints that contributes to development of strong climate policies in California and New York. It highlights the similarities of the climate policies of the states and the reason why California's policy was stronger compared with New York's.

The article offers information on the Medicaid politics in New York. Topics include the benefits offered by Medicaid to labor unions in terms of blocking retrenchment, the study of the politics of the state's public policy, and the importance of expanding conceptual tools in policy-focused political science. Also mentioned are the theory of vested interests by political science professor Terry Moe, the need for incorporating the theory with the Schattschneider approach of professors Jacob Hacker and Paul Pierson, and the role played by interest groups in politics of public policy.

Discusses the cultural context of music during the Bach Festival at Cornell University on February 1999 in Ithaca, New York. Importance of blending musicology and performance; Discussion on the clavichord and other keyboard techniques; Views of the speakers on musical issues.

This article evaluates a multipronged community development initiative in Buffalo, NY, United States. Specifically, the city's community-based 'clean sweep' programme deploys teams of public servants to distressed neighbourhoods to enhance public spaces and engage residents in discussion and/or action. Statistical analyses of a pivotal year of the programme show that property owners on targeted city blocks appeared significantly less likely to violate property codes after the intervention, relative to remaining owners in two separate study areas. These results suggest that the actions that constitute a 'clean sweep' might make for effective community development in some distressed urban locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]