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Among its many collections documenting the history of the Far West, the Huntington Library holds the papers of various western historians. Although such collections present certain inherent challenges, they also can offer significant contributions to the study of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comments on the discovery of papers on Soviet socialism written by Leon Trotsky and his son, Lev Sedov, in the Boris I. Nicolaevsky Collection in the Archives of the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace at Stanford University in California. Contribution of Leon Trotsky to the study of Russian history; Other repositories in which Trotsky papers can be found; Content of and period covered by the Hoover Institution papers.

The article introduces the special issue of "Industrial and Corporate Change" focusing on developments in telecommunications policy. The papers included in this issue were presented at the "Bridging Digital Technologies and Regulatory Paradigms" conference held at the University of California at Berkeley in June 1997. These papers reveal the importance of convergence as a fundamental feature of the business and policy landscape. They are also concerned with policy issues that arise as the telecommunications industry moves toward a competitive market structure made possible by technical and political advances.

Presents updates related to the Organization of American Historians (OAH) as of 1984. Recipient of the Louis Pelzer Memorial Award for 1983; Job vacancies at the "The Journal of American History" publication; Details of a survey on OAH members released by Lewis Perry at the business meeting of the OAH in Los Angeles, California on April 6, 1984.

The importance of creating healthier work environments by providing healthy foods and beverages in worksite cafeterias, in on-site vending machines, and at meetings and conferences is drawing increasing attention. Large employers, federal and state governments, and hospital systems are significant purchasers and providers of food and beverages. The American Heart Association, federal government, and other organizations have created procurement standards to guide healthy purchasing by these entities. There is a need to review how procurement standards are currently implemented, to identify important minimum criteria for evaluating health and purchasing outcomes, and to recognize significant barriers and challenges to implementation, along with success stories. The purpose of this policy paper is to describe the role of food-and-beverage environment and procurement policy standards in creating healthier worksite environments; to review recently created national model standards; to identify elements across the standards that are important to consider for incorporation into policies; and to delineate issues to address as standards are implemented across the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experience of rural poverty is in many ways unique from that of urban poverty. In the rural setting, social cohesion creates pressure on the poor to behave in ways that are consistent with local values. This paper, based on qualitative research done in an isolated, rural Northern California community, argues that in this setting the survival strategies of the poor are chosen because they are socially rational rather than economically optimal. The choice of socially acceptable coping strategies is ultimately beneficial because it creates "moral capital," which can be traded for both social capital in the form of community support, and economic capital in the form of job opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Russian-born composer Igor Stravinsky and his four arrangements of the U.S.'s national anthem "The Star-Spangled Banners." It states that after filing his initial papers for U.S. citizenship in August 1940, he turned his attention to the U.S.'s national anthem. Stravinsky led different harmonizations of "The Star-Spangled Banner" at his first and last concerts at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles, California in August 1940 and July 1966. The first arrangement, from 1917, was by Walter Damrosch, which is a man he had met in 1925. In 1966, it was his own arrangement because he was commemorating its 25th anniversary. In July 1941, he acknowledged that "inspiration" and "suggestion" for the arrangements came from his "elderly" student and his son-in-law.

This paper describes 3 years of physiological measurements on ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) growing along an ozone concentration gradient in the Sierra Nevada, California, including variables necessary to parameterize, validate and modify photosynthesis and stomatal conductance algorithms used to estimate ozone uptake. At all sites, gas exchange was under tight stomatal control during the growing season. Stomatal conductance was strongly correlated with leaf water potential (R 2 = 0.82), which decreased over the growing season with decreasing soil water content (R 2 = 0.60). Ozone uptake, carbon uptake, and transpirational water loss closely followed the dynamics of stomatal conductance. Peak ozone and CO2 uptake occurred in early summer and declined progressively thereafter. As a result, periods of maximum ozone uptake did not correspond to periods of peak ozone concentration, underscoring the inappropriateness of using current metrics based on concentration (e.g., SUM0, W126 and AOT40) for assessing ozone exposure risk to plants in this climate region. Both J max (maximum CO2-saturated photosynthetic rate, limited by electron transport) and V cmax (maximum rate of Rubisco-limited carboxylation) increased toward the middle of the growing season, then decreased in September. Intrinsic water-use efficiency rose with increasing drought stress, as expected. The ratio of J max to V cmax was similar to literature values of 2.0. Nighttime respiration followed a Q 10 of 2.0, but was significantly higher at the high-ozone site. Respiration rates decreased by the end of the summer as a result of decreased metabolic activity and carbon stores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents news briefs relating to biology and biologists. Awards which were presented to Roger Renvelle of the University of California at San Diego and to Senator John Chafee of Rhode Island; Appointment of Anthony J. Dennis as vice president of biotechnology at Battelle in Columbus, Ohio; Presentation of the Bicentennial Medallion of Distinction from the University of Pittsburgh to Herbert Boyer of the University of California at San Francisco; Scientists who have joined the staff of the American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS), including Patricia Lynn Donaldson, Peter Richard Jackson, and Gillian R. Woollett.

This study measures a spiral of silence in the context of actual opinion change during President George Bush's polarity decline in one of his political strongholds. Willingness of voters to publicly express their inions about Bush were analyzed over three pre-election surveys(N = I,800) sponsored by a prominent local newspaper in Orange County, California. Respondents were asked whether or not they would be willing to be reinterviewed by a reporter and have their names and views published in the paper. The hypothesis that Bush supporters would be less willing than others to agree to be reinterviewed during the period in which the president's ratings were dropping sharply is supported. This trend was most in evidence at the beginning of the presidential campaign, when Bush's ratings were in the steepest decline. These findings indicate the importance of actual opinion shifts in spiral of silence research, and suggest several issues for future research on opinion change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of the California Disability Survey indicate that telephone interviewing is well suited for undertaking disability studies that provide (1) estimates of subgroups of the disabled population, including those that are statistically rare; (2) information on current and anticipated areas of policy concern; and (3) information for geographic areas important in rehabilitation program planning. Although these objectives necessitated a large sample size and a complex instrument, the costs and timeliness of telephone interviewing enabled the survey objectives to be reached. This paper discusses the advantages of telephone interviewing, as well as biases inherent in its use. The magnitude of the bias from the omission of nontelephone households is assessed, and the results confirm that the omission of nontelephone households introduces only minor biases into estimates for the total working-age population. A method of weighting is developed and illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study indicates that public opinion formation tends in large part to be a product of the activation of previous experiences and attitudes. The controversy at the University of California, in Berkeley, California, over the requirement that all faculty members sign an oath affirming that they were not members of the communist party created an opportunity to study the opinion forming process in a comparatively closed environment. University students reacted to a crisis situation largely according to their group affiliations and other background characteristics. Students operating within the intellectual atmosphere of the university may react in more rational ways than the general population. Student members of underprivileged groups may be more inclined to make rational identifications between their own group and other groups under attack, an identification, which underprivileged groups outside the campus may not make. Attitudes toward academic freedom are related to the same variables, which influence attitude formation in other areas of life.

Mental health legislation in California brought about radical changes in commitment procedures. This paper describes the strains mental health personnel experienced in implementing the new law and proposes ways to manage such strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1968 Stockton State Hospital, Stockton, California, decided to close its North Area facilities, which necessitated transferring six hundred geriatric psychiatric patients to other state hospitals or extramural facilities. This paper reports on a study to determine the effect of such transfers on the mortality rate of these patients. Variables studied were age, sex, race, organic or functional diagnosis, length of hospitalization, and whether the patients were ambulatory at the time of transfer. Mortality rates were significantly higher for this group-especially for the older, nonambulatory patients-than for a group of patients who had remained in their "home units." The author emphasizes the need to establish policies that keep the patients' interests firmly in mind and are cognizant of the effects of environmental change, especially on the aged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Condor: Ornithological Applications is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The COVID-19 pandemic spurred some regulators in the USA to require occupational health and safety programs to prevent COVID-19 transmission in workplaces. The objective of this study was to describe such state and federal regulations enacted between January 2020 and January 2022. Regulations, including emergency temporary standards (ETS) and permanent standards, were identified through a search of Nexis Uni and Bloomberg Law and review of US OSHA websites and the Federal Register. Full texts were reviewed for regulatory scope, hazard and exposure definitions, determination of exposure or risk levels, and control strategies. Four state (California, Michigan, Virginia, and Oregon) and two federal regulations were identified. All regulations described respiratory aerosols as the primary source of SARS-CoV-2 and recognized person-to-person transmission by droplet, airborne, and contact routes. Only the US OSHA ETS for healthcare explicitly stated that inhalation of respiratory particles was the most likely method of COVID-19 transmission. The Virginia, Michigan, and Oregon regulations described different categories of risk defined by exposure frequency and duration or specific workplace activities. California described exposure as places and times when employees come into contact or congregate with other people. The US OSHA ETS for healthcare described exposure as involving close contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. While all of the state regulations required strategies from across the hierarchy, only the Virginia regulations specifically incorporated the hierarchy of controls. Only the California and Virginia regulations explicitly linked control strategies to the transmission route, while Virginia demarcated control strategies by risk level. Oregon linked risk level to occupancy levels and physical distancing requirements and referred to the use of a layered approach for transmission control. The US OSHA ETS for healthcare defined droplet and airborne precautions but made no mention of the hierarchy of controls or risk levels. Respirators were discussed in most of the regulations. The first Michigan regulation explicitly required respirators appropriate to exposure risk. The California regulations noted that respirators protect the wearer while face coverings protect people around the wearer. These regulations offer insights for a permanent US OSHA infectious disease regulation, such as the need to consider a range of transmission modes including near- and far-range aerosol inhalation, endemic and novel pathogens, workplaces beyond healthcare settings, factors that contribute to exposure and risk, the hierarchy of controls, the role of vaccination, and the importance of written exposure assessment and infection prevention plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the papers in this symposium were presented at a conference on the economics of information held at Stanford in April 1975, under the auspices of the National Science Foundation—National Bureau of Economic Research (four of the papers, those by Heal, Salop, Spence and Stiglitz, had been submitted to the Review earlier, but because of the similarity of topic, are published with the conference papers). The papers, though all related to the problems arising from costly information, are diverse both with respect to the question addressed, the techniques of analysis employed and the particular markets investigated. A basic theme running through most of the papers is that imperfect information alters, in a fundamental way, the conventional notion of a market, with buyers and sellers coming together to trade; in a full information equilibrium there is a single price, markets clear and all individuals and firms view themselves as price takers. The price charged is independent of the quantity purchased. Although the notion of the market-place is often thought of as an idealization, even when there is not a single market-place at which all transactions occur, the economy behaves as if there were a single market-place; this will be true so long as there are some arbitrageurs to make sure that the "law of single price" prevails. Finally, conventional theory has shown that under fairly weak conditions such a competitive equilibrium exists and is Pareto Optimal. Recent developments in the economics of information, including the papers presented here, have shown that ail of these statements are questionable. In the papers presented here, there is not a single price in equilibrium; firms do not act as price takers; prices do more than just clear markets—they convey information; prices charged may depend on the quantity purchased; competitive equilibrium may not exist and may not be Pareto Optimal. The basic character of how we ought to view the competitive economy is altered if we take seriously imperfections of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines California seed seller Theodosia Shepherd as a case study of how women navigated gender norms to gain acceptance and success in late nineteenth-century commercial horticulture. Shepherd tapped into western boosterism and the women's movement to expand and question limitations on female fruit and flower growers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1861 "Settlers' War" of San Jose illustrates how ideals central to nineteenth- century American political culture undermined Mexican claims to land rights in California. This article argues that the dispossession of Californios must be understood within a larger context of anti-land monopolism and its relationship to race, unionism, and the crisis of secession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

California's Mental Health Services Act (MHSA) substantially expanded funding of county mental health services through a state tax, and led to broad prevention efforts and intensive services for individuals experiencing serious mental disorders. We estimated the associations between MHSA and mortality due to suicide, homicide, and acute effects of alcohol. Using annual cause-specific mortality data for each US state and the District of Columbia from 1976–2015, we used a generalization of the quasi-experimental synthetic control method to predict California's mortality rate for each outcome in the absence of MHSA using a weighted combination of comparison states. We calculated the association between MHSA and each outcome as the absolute difference and percentage difference between California's observed and predicted average annual rates over the postintervention years (2007–2015). MHSA was associated with modest decreases in average annual rates of homicide (−0.81/100,000 persons, corresponding to a 13% reduction) and mortality from acute alcohol effects (−0.35/100,000 persons, corresponding to a 12% reduction). Placebo test inference suggested that the associations were unlikely to be due to chance. MHSA was not associated with suicide. Protective associations with mortality due to homicide and acute alcohol effects provide evidence for modest health benefits of MHSA at the population level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1961 American Association for Public Opinion Research Conference was held during May 3-6, 1961 at the Hotel Claremont in Berkeley, California, as of September 1, 1961. The recently formed Pacific Chapter of the Association was responsible for local arrangements and played host at meetings. Ten formal sessions and six round-table meetings were held, in addition to an opening session. There was the awarding of the Julian L. Woodward Award to The Fund for the Republic. The abstracts presented in the September 1, 1961 issue of the periodical "Public Opinion Quarterly" of the papers given at formal sessions were prepared by their authors. Round-table discussion summaries were prepared by session chairmen or individuals appointed by the chairmen. A résumé of the business meeting is appended. The author, also an editor, wishes to thank Howard Mandel, general chairman of round-table sessions, and all session chairmen and speakers for their aid in the preparation of the report.

Presents news briefs relating to biologists and biology. Presentation of the 1987 Lawrence Memorial Award to John V. Freudenstein of Cornell University's L.H. Bailey Hortorium; Microbiologist Thomas Brock, who will receive the 1988 Carski Foundation Distinguished Teaching Award from the American Society for Microbiology; Endowment of the arboretum and agroecology program of the University of California, Santa Cruz by Harry O. Warren.

Presents news briefs relating to biologists and biology. Dedication of an addition to the U.S. National Clonal Repository System in Hilo, Hawaii, which houses the nation's germplasm for tropical, Pacific Basin crops such as acerola, cherry, breadfruit, and guava; Meeting of the New York Academy of Sciences during which awards were presented to James F. Gusella, Frank H. Ruddle, Saul Krugman, and Barbara A. Baird; Creation of the Association of Ecosystem Research Centers; Richard C. Atkinson, chancellor of the University of California at San Diego, who has been named president-elect of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Focuses on biologists and biology. Presentation of the 1987 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award to Susumu Tonegawa, Philip Leder, and Leroy Hood; Appointment of biologist Theodore John Crovello as Dean of Graduate Studies and Research at California State University in Los Angeles; Election of four corresponding members by the Botanical Society of America; Naming of Alan Woolf as director of Southern Illinois University's Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory.

Using data from a longitudinal study in Alameda County, California, this paper examines the relevance of the individual deficit and the institutional resource frameworks in understanding homeless-domicile transitions of female family heads, single women and single men. The study employs two analytic strategies. First, by pooling data from the three groups, we examine the extent to which variables derived from the two frameworks account for cross-group differences in homeless-domicile transitions. Second, by conducting separate analyses for the three subgroups, we explore whether the effects of individual deficit and institutional resource factors vary according to homeless individuals' gender and family status. Our pooled sample analysis provides more support for the institutional resource than for the individual deficit framework. Our findings from within-subsample analyses, however, suggest that both individual deficit and institutional resource variables are linked to homeless-domicile transitions of the three groups. The absence of consistent effects of individual deficit and institutional resource variables for exits from and returns to homeless spells, as well as across the three groups, points to the possible interactions between the two frameworks in affecting homeless-domicile transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the politics of the new immigration restrictionism as manifest in Proposition 187, passed by California voters in 1994. Ifirst show that restrictionist sentiment and immigrant scapegoating have a long history in U.S. immigration politics, briefly reviewing three periods of early nativism: 1870s to the 1890s; 1900 to World War I; and World War I and its aftermath. I then make two principal arguments. First, I argue that the new nativism embodied in Proposition 187 - which would bar undocumented immigrants in California from receiving social services, including public schooling - corresponds to specific features of the late twentieth-century political-economic landscape. In particular, 1 link the focus on the alleged tax burden of immigrants and their costly use of social services to ongoing economic transformations, the retrenchment of the welfare state, and what Plotkin and Scheuerman (1994) call "balanced-budget conservatism." Second, following Edelman (1977), I show that Proposition 187 is symbolic in that it derives from and evokes beliefs about immigrants' responsibility and blame for the current economic and fiscal crisis, in addition, I suggest that Proposition 187 may represent a new kind of symbolic politics in which alienated voters - those who bother to vote at all - use their ballot symbolically to express anger and "send a message." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the racial aspect of the differential fertility in California in 1930. In California, problems connected with the racial differential are particularly significant. The racial minorities are numerically important. They form rather distinct cultural groups and are, in the main, clearly set off from the majority by skin color. Many of them are denied the privilege of citizenship, and miscegenation is either prohibited by law or enforced by custom. And they are markedly differentiated from the white majority in another respect: they are not only guaranteeing the stability of their numbers in the future but were, in 1930, reproducing at a rate so high that they might be expected, when their age distribution becomes stabilized, to double in numbers in little more than a generation, while the reproductive level of the whites was, under the same conditions, at so low a level that a decline in numbers by about a third per generation might have been expected. The aim of this paper is to uncover some of the factors underlying this differential.

Building community understanding of racial problems and their amelioration is currently one of social work's most perplexing tasks. It is a chore that should he done, but is often shirked, a problem tickled but not tackled, an obligation assumed, but not fulfilled. This presentation will examine some of the current community pressures affecting social agends, the effect of those pressures and that social agencies might do in this field. The first White Ctizens's Council was formed in Indianola, Mississippi, to maintain segregation following the decision of the court, and the movement spread. One group called Project Big Four, has as its avowed purpose the removal of the tax-exempt status be four national organizations. The group has been organized in California and plans have been under way to form a coalition between the White Citizens' Councils and the interests of Project Big Four in main taming and. furthering segregation. During the past three teams, increasing pressures have been applied to some agencies in the group work-recreation field, to welfare councils, and to Urban League-community chest relationships.

The author has attempted to categorize a set of suicide notes according to their formal aspects. The perspective adopted is that of the actor, what he must experience, how he must view these experiences, the social constraints restraining him from suicide, how he succeeds in overcoming them, and finally, the precautions he takes to prevent the recurrence of a similar set of circumstances after his death. The paper is based primarily on an analysis of 112 suicide notes of persons who succeeded in suicide in the Los Angeles area. Insights gained by the author through his work with adolescent suicide attempters and their parents also aided in the formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on various conferences related to biological sciences in the U.S. The Central and Midwestern State Simulation Council's symposium on simulation in medicine and biology will be held during January 17-18, 1967, in Rochester, Minnesota. International Symposium on Drug Research will be held during June 12-14, 1967, in Montreal, Quebec. The 10th national Wilderness Conference will be held during April 7-9, 1967, in San Francisco, California. The annual meeting of the Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) was held in Vancouver, British Columbia, during June 17-24, 1966. At the meeting, there was discussion about the longevity and germination requirements of various seeds.

Reports on the 84th annual meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists to be held from June 12 to 16, 2004 at Humboldt State University in Arcata, California. Registration fee; Accommodations; Social programs of the meeting.

Groundwater depletion is a worldwide phenomenon that has prompted calls for improved policy and management. A prominent policy recommendation, especially among economists, is the establishment of well-defined transferable groundwater rights and the promotion of water transfers or markets. Modelled effects and actual results in limited sites show promising potential, but progress has been slow, even in areas of significant need and capacity such as the western United States. This article identifies some of the complexities associated with defining groundwater rights and with managing groundwater aquifers. Those complexities may account to some degree for the incremental and limited progress toward transferable rights. Recent groundwater policy developments in California and other western states are reviewed briefly in light of those complexities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Apgar scores are commonly used as proxy outcomes, little evidence exists in support of the most common cutpoints (<7, <4). We used 2 data sets to explore this issue: one contained planned community births from across the United States (n = 52,877; 2012–2016), and the other contained hospital births from California (n = 428,877; 2010). We treated 5-minute Apgars as clinical "tests," compared against 18 known outcomes; we calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for each. We used 3 different criteria to determine optimal cutpoints. Results were very consistent across data sets, outcomes, and all subgroups: The cutpoint that maximizes the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity is universally <9. However, extremely low positive predictive values for all outcomes at <9 indicate more misclassification than is acceptable for research. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (which treat Apgars as quasicontinuous) were generally indicative of adequate discrimination between infants destined to experience poor outcomes and those not; comparing median Apgars between groups might be an analytical alternative to dichotomizing. Nonetheless, because Apgar scores are not clearly on any causal pathway of interest, we discourage researchers from using them unless the motivation for doing so is clear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States, hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission is rising among people who inject drugs (PWID). Many regions have insufficient prevention intervention coverage. Using modeling, we investigated the impact of scaling up prevention and treatment interventions on HCV transmission among PWID in Perry County, Kentucky, and San Francisco, California, where HCV seroprevalence among PWID is >50%. A greater proportion of PWID access medication-assisted treatment (MAT) or syringe service programs (SSP) in urban San Francisco (established community) than in rural Perry County (young, expanding community). We modeled the proportion of HCV-infected PWID needing HCV treatment annually to reduce HCV incidence by 90% by 2030, with and without MAT scale-up (50% coverage, both settings) and SSP scale-up (Perry County only) from 2017. With current MAT and SSP coverage during 2017–2030, HCV incidence would increase in Perry County (from 21.3 to 22.6 per 100 person-years) and decrease in San Francisco (from 12.9 to 11.9 per 100 person-years). With concurrent MAT and SSP scale-up, 5% per year of HCV-infected PWID would need HCV treatment in Perry County to achieve incidence targets—13% per year without MAT and SSP scale-up. In San Francisco, a similar proportion would need HCV treatment (10% per year) irrespective of MAT scale-up. Reaching the same impact by 2025 would require increases in treatment rates of 45%–82%. Achievable provision of HCV treatment, alongside MAT and SSP scale-up (Perry County) and MAT scale-up (San Francisco), could reduce HCV incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes the differences in the success of Silicon Valley and Route 128 firms which have been the centers of innovation and commercialization for the electronics, computer and data communication industries in the postwar period. Path-dependent and dominant design explanations of technical and industrial change; Differences in the technological trajectories of the industries underlying the two regions.

Comments on the claims of Martin Kenney and Urs von Burg regarding entrepreneurship and path dependence. Flawed view that the divergent performance of the Silicon Valley and Route 128 economies can be explained by the path-dependence trajectories of their leading industries; Erroneous argument that these regional dynamics are best understood through an analytical separation between established firms.

Research has shown that taxi drivers are at risk for numerous health concerns, such as low back and leg pain, linked to their highly sedentary occupation, long work hours and stressors related to the job (e.g. low income, safety threats). The goal of this study was to explore occupational health risks and opportunities for health interventions with taxi drivers using community-based participatory research (CBPR) methods. A mixed methods approach included first a convenience sample of 19 East African taxi drivers participating in focus group discussions. Second, a convenience sample of 75 current taxi drivers (M age = 45.7 years) and 25 non-driver comparison participants (M age = 40.3 years) were recruited to complete a structured self-reported questionnaire and objective measures of health. Health education was provided alongside the research to address common health concerns and to ensure mutual benefit and an action orientation. The focus groups described numerous health concerns that drivers attributed to their occupation, including chronic pain, sleep deprivation, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, kidney disease and eye problems, as the most common. Participants offered ideas for health interventions that include workplace reform and driver education. Quantitative data indicate that 44% of drivers reported their health as 'fair' or 'poor'. Drivers were more likely to report musculoskeletal pain, less sleep, more fatigue and less physical activity as compared to non-drivers. The majority of drivers reported financial and job dissatisfaction. The research provides data to inform targeted health interventions that support the health and safety of taxi drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the climate policies in California and New York. It mentions the role played by politicians in the two states why their policies were considered as stronger in the U.S. along with the usefulness of the process and structural theories in the policy adoption of the two states. It discusses certain structural advantages and constraints that contributes to development of strong climate policies in California and New York. It highlights the similarities of the climate policies of the states and the reason why California's policy was stronger compared with New York's.

Examines the organizational changes on employment relations among young, high technology firms in California. Conditions affecting high technology companies; Cause for deterioration of alignment of employment relations and business strategies; Implications for imprinting and inertia in organizations.

The article presents information related to several developments in the world of Dermatology. An International Course on Porphyrias and Porphyrins will be held in Barcelona, Spain. The 12th Paediatric Dermatology Seminar will convene at the luxurious Doral Beach Hotel, Miami Beach, Florida. The International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin will be holding its 5th International Symposium in San Francisco between August 29, to September 2, 1985. The meeting will include paper presentations, workshops and poster sessions as well as the General Meeting of the Society.

Presents an abstract of the study `The Evolutionary Psychology of Hollywood Movies: Marketable Able Plots Reflect Human-Specific Fitness Assessment,' by R. Edwards submitted for presentation during the 1996 Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology Annual Meeting.

The Tenth Annual Meeting of the Pacific Sociological Society was held at the University of California, Berkeley, December 28 to 30, 1938. The conference opened with a luncheon at noon Wednesday, when Constantine Panunzio, University of California at Los Angeles, spoke of his experiences in Italy. Prepared papers and discussions given at the four sessions devoted to the program were, Elon H. Moore, University of Oregon, "Patterns of Age, Sex and Direction in Net White Mobility Streams," discussions by Carl F. Reuss, State College of Washington and Paul Walter, University of New Mexico. Papers will be published in the March-April issue of the journal "Sociology and Social Research," as volume 10 the Proceedings of the Pacific Sociological Society. Glenn B. Hoover, Mills College was elected president for the year 1939. Other newly elected officers are Richard T. LaPiere, Stanford University, first vice-president, David E. Henley, Whittier College, second vice-president; Carl E. Dent, State College of Washington, Third vice-president, Paul H. Landis, State College of Washington, Secretary-Treasurer and Emory S. Bogardus, University of Southern California.

Copyright of Condor: Ornithological Applications is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Condor: Ornithological Applications is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Condor: Ornithological Applications is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

I estimate the impact of employment opportunities on recidivism among 1.7 million offenders released from a California prison between 1993 and 2008. The institutional structure of the California criminal justice system as well as location, skill, and industry‐specific job accession data provide a unique framework for identifying a causal effect of job availability on criminal behaviour. I find that increases in construction and manufacturing opportunities at the time of release are associated with significant reductions in recidivism. Other types of opportunities, including those characterised by lower wages that are typically accessible to individuals with criminal records, do not influence recidivism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent school segregation may allow advantaged groups to hoard educational opportunities and consign minority students to lower-quality educational experiences. Although minority students are concentrated in low-achieving schools, relatively little previous research directly links segregation to measures of school quality based on student achievement growth, which more plausibly reflect learning opportunities. Using a dataset of public elementary schools in California, this study provides the first analysis detailing the distribution of a growth-based measure of school quality using standard inequality indices, allowing disparities to be decomposed across geographic and organizational scales. We find mixed support for the school opportunity hoarding hypothesis. We find small White and Asian advantages in access to high-growth schools, but most of the inequality in exposure to school growth is within racial groups. Growth-based disparities both between and within groups tend to be on a more local scale than disparities in absolute achievement levels, focusing attention on within-district policies to mitigate school-based inequalities in opportunities to learn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demographic changes in populations, such as skewed sex ratios, are of concern to conservationists, especially in small populations in which stochastic and other events can produce declines leading to extirpation. We documented a decline in one of the few remaining populations of Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) in southern California, USA, which dropped from 40 to 5 adults between 2000 and 2015. Declines were unequal between sexes (94% for males, 82% for females). Adult sex ratios were female-biased in 10 of 16 yr. The proportion of paired males that were polygynous ranged from 0% to 100%, depending on the ratio of females to males in the adult population. Some males paired with up to 5 females simultaneously. We investigated the role of nestling sex ratio in the female-biased adult sex ratio by using genetic techniques to determine sex from blood samples collected from 162 nestlings in 72 nests from 2002 to 2009. Both population-level and within-brood nestling sex ratios were female-biased, and were not influenced by nest order (first or subsequent), parental mating type (monogamous or polygynous), or year. Disproportionately more females than males were recruited into the breeding population, mirroring nestling and fledgling sex ratios. It thus appears that a skewed nestling sex ratio has contributed to a female-biased adult population, which in turn has influenced mating behavior. We propose that the capacity for polygyny, which generally occurs at low levels in Southwestern Willow Flycatchers, has allowed this population to persist through a decline that might otherwise have resulted in extinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer centers, particularly those supported by the National Cancer Institute, are charged with reducing the cancer burden in their catchment area. However, methods to define both the catchment area and the cancer burden are diverse and range in complexity often based on data availability, staff resources, or confusion about what is required. This article presents a review of the current literature identifying 4 studies that have defined various aspects of the cancer burden in a defined geographical area and highlights examples of how some cancer centers and other health institutions have defined their catchment area and characterized the cancer burden within it. We then present a detailed case study of an approach applied by the University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center to define its catchment area and its population cancer burden. We cite examples of how the Cancer Center research portfolio addresses the defined cancer burden. Our case study outlines a systematic approach to using publicly available data, such as cancer registry data, that are accessible by all cancer centers. By identifying gaps and formulating future research directions based on the needs of the population within the catchment area, epidemiologic studies and other types of cancer research can be directed to the population served. This review can help guide cancer centers in developing an approach to defining their own catchment area as mandated and applying research findings to this defined population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employed a Multi-Attribute Utility (MAU) model to examine the Pap test decisionmaking process among Pacific Islanders (PI) residing in Southern California. A total of 585 PI women were recruited through social networks from Samoan and Tongan churches, and Chamorro family clans. A questionnaire assessed Pap test knowledge, beliefs and past behaviour. The three MAU parameters of subjective value, subjective probability and momentary salience were measured for eight anticipated consequences of having a Pap test (e.g., feeling embarrassed, spending money). Logistic regression indicated that women who had a Pap test (Pap women) had higher total MAU utility scores compared to women who had not had a Pap test within the past three years (No Pap women) (adjusted Odds Ratio=1.10). In particular, Pap women had higher utilities for the positive consequences 'Detecting cervical cancer early, Peace of mind, and Protecting my family', compared to No Pap women. It is concluded that the connection between utility and behaviour offers a promising pathway toward a better understanding of the decision to undergo Pap testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]