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Aims Infective endocarditis is a complex and highly mortal disease requiring lengthy treatment. Physical and mental deconditioning is common. Nonetheless, rehabilitation is virtually unexplored in this population. The aim of this trial was therefore to investigate the effects of cardiac rehabilitation in patients following endocarditis. Methods and results In a randomized trial, adults with left-sided or cardiac device endocarditis were randomized 1:1 to 12 weeks of physical exercise training and five psycho-educational consultations (cardiac rehabilitation) vs. usual care without rehabilitation (control). Primary outcome was mental health measured by SF-36 Mental Component Summary (MCS) at 6 months. Secondary outcome was physical capacity measured by peak oxygen uptake (VO2) at 4 months. Exploratory outcomes were investigated. Low inclusion rate resulted in trial termination before reaching the target sample size. A total of 117 participants (mean age: 60 years, 81% male) were randomized to cardiac rehabilitation (n  = 58) or to control (n  = 59). Mental health and physical capacity at baseline were generally poor (MCS: 38.9–42.2 points, VO2 peak: 16.1–16.6 mL/kg/min). Cardiac rehabilitation compared with control showed no effect on mental health (MCS: 44.6 points vs. 48.8 points, P  = 0.41) or physical capacity (VO2 peak: 19.9 mL/kg/min vs. 18.0 mL/kg/min, P  = 0.09). Effects favouring the intervention were identified in exploratory outcomes including general fatigue (P  = 0.005), and physical capacity as maximal power (W) (P  = 0.005). Adherence to the intervention was 28%. Conclusions Results indicate no effect of cardiac rehabilitation in patients following endocarditis; however, lack of statistical power and poor adherence render findings inconclusive. Valuable insight into patients' capabilities and safety was gained, and further investigations into rehabilitation needs and modes of delivery in this high-need population should be a future priority. Registration The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01512615 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Increased physical capacity after comprehensive rehabilitation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing ablation has been found in the CopenHeartRFA trial. The purpose of this study was to investigate: (a) sex differences in health status, psychological distress and quality of life, (b) sex differences in rehabilitation outcomes and (c) predictors of effect of rehabilitation. Methods: We conducted an exploratory analysis of data from the randomized CopenHeartRFA trial, where patients treated with ablation were randomized with 1:1 to comprehensive rehabilitation consisting of a physical exercise program and psycho-educational consultations versus usual care. Sex disparities in health status were tested using Chi-square and t-tests. Results: Included were: 151 men (median age 59.25 years) and 59 women (median age 62.5 years). At hospital discharge, women reported lower physical health status compared with men. Among women, significant differences were found in the 6-min walk test [rehabilitation: 496.8 meters (SD 98.5) versus 559.3meters (SD 55.5) and usual care: 521.9 meters (SD 97.8) versus 530.9 meters (SD 102.2), p = 0.01] and exercise time [rehabilitation: 387.6 s (SD 126.0) versus 463.2 s (SD 121.8) and usual care: 353.4 s (SD 145.2) versus 355.8 s (SD 154.8), p < 0.004] and among men in the sit-to-stand test. Significant differences were found in mental health outcomes among men and in quality of life scores among women. Patients with a European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) score I-II had a positive effect of rehabilitation. Conclusion: The results suggest that sex differences exist in self-reported health after rehabilitation in patients ablated for AF. Patients with an I–II EHRA score seem more likely to gain from the rehabilitation programme compared with those with a III–IV score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To quantify the provision of standard cardiac rehabilitation to Danish survivors of cardiac arrest at a programme level, and to analyse whether organizational factors influenced the provision. Method We mapped the provision of cardiac rehabilitation core components to survivors of cardiac arrest and compared this with a reference group of patients after acute myocardial infarction using data from a cross-sectional programme-level survey among all hospitals (n = 34) and municipalities (n = 98) in Denmark. Organizational factors of potential importance to service provision were considered: health care region, size of catchment area/population, type of department/municipality and socioeconomic index. Results Response rates for the provision of each core component of cardiac rehabilitation ranged from 64% to 98%. All hospitals and municipalities provided some aspect of cardiac rehabilitation to survivors of cardiac arrest. Across hospitals, provision of four core components of cardiac rehabilitation to survivors of cardiac arrest was lower compared with post acute myocardial infarction patients: patient education (relative risk (RR) = 0.45 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.27 to 0.75)), exercise training (RR = 0.69 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.98)), screening for anxiety and depression (RR = 0.64 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.90) and nutritional counselling RR = 0.76 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.93)). No difference was found in the provision of core components across municipalities. Overall, the provision of cardiac rehabilitation to survivors of cardiac arrest was not affected by organizational factors. Conclusion This study indicates a need for future research to inform the development, adoption and implementation of equal access to all components of cardiac rehabilitation for survivors of cardiac arrest in Denmark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]