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Background N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a well-known predictor of acute heart failure (HF). Congestion volume status estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is also associated with adverse cardiovascular events in HF patients. However, it is unclear whether these biomarkers reflecting pathophysiological pathways are different between HF with preserved (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate whether the prognostic value of NT-proBNP and extracellular water/free fat mass (ECW%) assessed by BIA is different between HFrEF and HFpEF in acute HF patients. Methods and results One hundred-and-forty-three patients admitted for acute HF between November 2013 and January 2015 were estimated for NT-proBNP levels and ECW% by BIA on admission. A total of 49 HFrEF (LVEF Conclusion Elevated levels of NT-proBNP in acute HF were predictive for mortality and hospitalisation due to HF in HFrEF but may not be for HFpEF patients, and ECW% had a better predictive value than NT-proBNP in HFpEF patients.