Search

Why are the black brownstone owners in Harlem and Brooklyn disproportionately West Indian? The landlords, West Indian-American? The tenants African-American? These are tough questions. For students of housing discrimination, West Indian Americans have long presented a quandary. If it is reasonable to assume that racial exclusions are being consistently applied to persons who are dark-skinned, one would expect to find that housing discrimination has had similar effects on West IndianAmericans and African-Americans. Yet this is not the case: West IndianAmericans generally own and rent higher quality housing than AfricanAmericans. Moreover, these advantages began long ago. For example, when racial covenants, that is, restrictions barring racial and ethnic groups from owning real property in particular neighborhoods were rife in New York, they were not consistently applied against West Indians, who were sometimes able to * Eleanor Marie Lawrence Brown, GWIPP Fellow (2013) and Associate Professor of Law (with tenure), George Washington University Law School; J.D., Yale Law School (1999); M.Phil. Politics, Oxford (1997) (Rhodes Scholar). Former Schwartz Fellow, New America Foundation; Former Chairman of the Jamaica Trade Board; Former Reginald Lewis Fellow, Harvard Law School; Former Law Clerk to the Honorable Patricia Wald (ret.), U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit; Former Law Clerk to the Honorable Keith Ellison, U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas. I have benefited from the Property colloquium at George Mason Law School. Comments received at the Lutie Lytle Conference for Black Female Legal Scholars were particularly helpful. I have also benefited from conversations with or comments from Kendall Thomas, Olati Johnson, Dorothy Roberts, Bernadette Atuahene, Lee Fennell, Guido Calabresi, Frank Upham, Sonya Katyal, Dan Kelly, Paul Butler, Marcella David, Dan Sharfstein, Paulette Caldwell, Mary Dudziak, Nestor Davidson, Ruth Okediji, Jill Hasday, Scott Kieff, Hari Osofsky, Dan Sokol, Camille Gear, Karen Brown, Kevin Johnson, Charles Ogletree, Ken Mack, Steve Legomsky, Beverly Moran, Jim Coleman, Nicole Garnett, Kimani Paul-Emile, Brad Snyder, Devon Carbado, Aubrey Bonnett, Calvin Holder, Eduardo Penalver, Joe Singer, Henry Smith, Richard Brooks, David Martin, Peter Henry, Angela Banks, Angela OnwuachiWillig, Tomiko Brown-Nagin, Audrey McFarlane, Lant Pritchett, Dillon Alleyne, Neville Lewis, Tony Harriott, Richard Bernal, Eric Posner, Sylvia Lazos, Alison Tirres, Deep Gulasekaram, Naomi Cahn, David Fontana, Carol Rose, Robert Ellickson, Claire Priest, Rose Villazor, Wendy Greene, Ernesto Hernandez-Lopez, Renee Lerner, Jackie Ross, Maximo Langer, Kim Lane Scheppele, Eric Claeys, Jerry Davila, Daniel Hamilton, and Bob Cottrol. I am grateful to the librarians and/or archivists at the University of the West Indies. Finally, I am grateful for the aid of my research assistants, Jared Stipelman, Shanellah Verna and Jenna Brofsky.

Between 1930 and 1954 Mary Dorothy George wrote catalogue entries for 12,553 ‘Golden Age’ satirical prints, entries that have become foundational to the historiography of British History in the long eighteenth century. This article examines George as a curatorial voice, an interlocutor between the archived past and her readers. It examines the labour processes that produced George’s contributions to the British Museum’s Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum, her writing as a corpus, and her interpretations therein. It is argued that focusing attention on linguistic and procedural choices requires us to rethink the legacy of both this remarkable catalogue and other comparable systems of knowledge organization.

The fight for social justice and diversity in medicine stems from racial inequalities and discrimination that have permeated our society for centuries. As America has become more diverse in recent years, African American physicians remain largely underrepresented in the healthcare workforce and academic medicine. In the field of infectious diseases, one man, George W. Counts, has shouldered the struggle to end disparities in education, training, research, and academic advancement. This article celebrates his legacy and rekindles the discussion about inclusion, diversity, access, and equity in infectious diseases.

Mired as we are in many conservation and preservation issues, it can be good to know how it all started. George Bird Grinnell is that reminder. Born in New York in 1849 and dying there in 1938, he straddled the age of the closing of the western frontier and the beginning of the age of now: no frontier, easy travel, and recreational hunting. He saw pristine, and he saw it end, too, with melancholy and sadness. He saw an entire human culture done in and became personal friends with some of the victims. He founded conservation societies and magazines hoping to undergird a hunting culture with ethics and alert the public to what he saw ending. When that was not enough, he leaned on politicians to influence laws. As a naturalist and a hunter, he co-founded the Boone and Crockett Club and founded the Audubon Society. These disparate societies reflected an issue of the time—management through conservation or preservation, which was at the core of the Hetch Hetchy debate, and highlights a tension still present today. This is especially relevant for birds, down 3 billion since 1970 (Rosenberg et al. 2019). and hunted and watched by millions. Grinnell knew both sides; we could use him today.

This paper is a response to the symposium on ‘Authors, Attribution and Integrity: Examining Moral Rights in the United States’ held at George Mason University in April 2016. It considers Australia's experience of moral rights since their introduction in 2000.

Book review: George Packer. Our Man: Richard Holbrooke and the End of the American Century. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2019. 608 pp. $30.00 (hardcover).

This note describes how James Whatman II, the pre-eminent British paper-maker, was the expert witness at the Old Bailey on 26 July 1783 when William Wynne Ryland was indicted for 'having in his custody and possession, a certain bill of exchange, purporting to bear date at Fort St George in the East Indies' for £200. There were seven further counts in the indictment, specifying intention to defraud and naming the various parties concerned, the most important being the East India Company. At this trial Whatman provided key details about the practices in his mill and his business dealings with London stationers.

This paper examines the legacy of George Pryme’s original lectures on political economy that began in the University of Cambridge in 1816. It discusses Pryme’s role in promoting the first established chair of political economy in Cambridge, and it outlines some of the highlights of the Pryme Collection of Economic Literature.

This article reveals the importance of Prince George of Denmark to James II and William of Orange. It places George in the world of early modern European politics, when foreign policy and international relations were inextricably linked with dynastic politics, and many were concerned about the future well-being of Protestantism. The religious component is crucial as the evidence strongly suggests that George felt he belonged to a ‘Protestant International’, not defined by membership of a particular nation. By drawing attention to the polycentric nature of the Stuart court in the 1680s, the workings of dynastic politics in the international arena that involved secret political manoeuvrings in the run up to the invasion, and then detailing the way in which George behaved following William’s arrival, this article argues that Prince George played a crucial role in the Glorious Revolution. It will also demonstrate that in the 1690s George helped to consolidate and promote the new regime. During the period in question the Prince and Princess of Denmark were a political partnership, and rather than being led by others, they joined forces with William and Mary because they each had a distinct political agenda. George pursued policies he believed would benefit the Stuart–Oldenburg dynasty in England, and its related houses in Europe, and the cause of international Protestantism. A subsidiary theme of this article will be the continuing importance of ceremonies involving royalty to the political culture of urban communities in early modern England.

George Whitefield’s ability to enthrall audiences through a potent combination of drama, religious rhetoric, and imperial pride is well documented, as is the Hallam Theater Company’s successful mid-eighteenth century tour of North America. Yet, as historian Odai Johnson recently asserted, scholars have almost always placed the two performers (and the larger movements they represented) in opposition. This article demonstrates that George Whitefield and Lewis Hallam Sr.—lead purveyors of the pulpit and the stage in mid-eighteenth century colonial America—should be understood as mutual contributors to the development of early American performance and, ultimately, professional theater. Both rose to prominence during a specific period (the mid-eighteenth century) in a specific place (the British American colonies) for a shared reason: to use professional performance to entrance the most colonists as possible. Ultimately, Whitefield and Hallam were quite different men who, through common pursuit of fame in North America, demonstrated just how much theatricality and religion—despite imagining themselves as oppositional forces—became entangled by the mid-eighteenth century.

This interdisciplinary, historicist-feminist paper (combining literary and art historical perspectives as well as an awareness of historical context and an application of recent feminist theory) explores the feminist affiliations of the Victorian artists Mary and George Watts, focusing specifically on their close friendships with the writer and women’s suffrage supporter George Meredith and the women’s rights worker Josephine Butler. It introduces the Wattses’ own anti-patriarchal conjugal creative partnership before investigating their relationships with Meredith and Butler through a reading of Mary Watts’s unpublished and hitherto untranscribed diaries (which record their interactions) as well as a discussion of George Watts’s paintings (particularly his portraits of Meredith and Butler in his ‘Hall of Fame’). This paper thus offers an unprecedented insight into the Wattses’ personal and professional relationships as well as their progressive socio-political positions, reclaiming them as early feminists who were part of a wider emergent feminist community. This paper’s discussion of the Wattses, Meredith, and Butler provides new perspectives on the connections, works, and views of these public literary, artistic, and feminist figures as well as the ways in which they supported and promoted the women’s rights movement that escalated over the course of the second half of the nineteenth century. It thus offers a fuller understanding of these figures as well as of the rise of early feminism in the Victorian period.

David Millington was born under a lucky star. To hear him tell it, his life story consists of one serendipitous event after another. Certainly from a historical point of view, he has been at the right place at the right time. In 1941, just three years before he was born, the Americans George Beadle and Edward Tatum made a discovery that paved the way for the modern science of molecular biology. Mutating genes in Neurospora , a type of red bread mold, they were able to alter specific enzymes in the metabolic pathways of the mold, thereby confirming a hypothesis put forth in 1902 by the British physician Archibald Garrod that hereditary diseases are due to “inborn errors of metabolism.” This discovery was followed 20 years later—just as Millington was entering college—when the American microbiologist Robert Guthrie came up with the first blood test for phenylketonuria (PKU), which opened up the field of newborn screening. Millington wrote his own chapter in the tale in the late 1980s when he and colleagues had the idea to apply the cutting-edge technique of tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis of newborn blood samples. Their work—which has saved thousands of lives not just in North America but worldwide—revolutionized the field of newborn screening, turning it from a backwater into a scientific success story. In 2011, the Centers for Disease Control called newborn screening one of the great public health achievements of the past 10 years. Millington, who held the post of Medical Research Professor of Pediatrics and Director of the Biochemical Genetics Laboratory at Duke University Medical Center, spoke with me from his office in early July. He had just retired after over 30 years of service. This is a great moment—you've just retired! Two days ago. After a long and illustrious career. I …

This article examines the late nineteenth-century writings of American explorer, travel writer, and journalist George Kennan on Siberian indigenous peoples, the region's incarceration and exile system, and his early twentieth-century commentary on federal Indian policy. Kennan's work highlights the possibilities for comparative analysis of the U.S. empire in the Far West and Russia's far eastern empire.

The death, funerals and commemoration of George V and George VI have received relatively little attention. The elaborately staged funerals established new democratic spaces where people could affirm their loyalty and live broadcasts generated nationally shared experiences. New mass media were significant but the funerals also incorporated commemorative rituals established after the First World War including the two-minute silence and memorial appeals building on the war memorials movement. National philanthropic schemes or living memorials promoted young people's welfare inspired by both kings’ belief in the physical, moral and social benefits of outdoor recreation. Drawing extensively on unexplored sources, this article argues that royal death affirmed a shared Britishness, which strengthened the monarchy and enhanced social and national cohesion in the era of total war.

Newly returned from the frontline of the battle against Ebola in West Africa, Dr George Fu Gao talked to NSR on this largest Ebola epidemic in history. As Deputy Director-General of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), an Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), Dr Gao has been personally involved in the fight against acute infectious diseases both on the laboratory bench and in the field for many years. Recalling the sight of an Ebola-infected young man stumbling to his death on the street and observing the continuing climb of patient statistics, he anxiously calls for larger global help to affected countries. The help provided by the world community to West Africa was ‘too late and insufficient’, and in this age of globalization ‘no country can care only for herself alone’. In this interview, Dr Gao also reviews the history, progression, and prognosis of the Ebola epidemic, the cause of failure in the early prevention and containment of the disease, the role of government policies and public health systems, and global prospects and strategies for similar acute infectious diseases in the future.

[Graphic][1] Sharron S. Quisenberry is one of only four women to serve as President of the Entomological Society of America. She is recognized nationally and internationally for her work in insectplant interactions and host plant resistance to insects. Quisenberry was born 19 April 1945 in Kirksville, Missouri. She earned a B.S. Ed. (Biology, 1966) from Truman State University, a M.A. (Environmental Biology, 1975) from Hood College, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees (Entomology, 1977, 1980) from University of Missouri-Columbia. Quisenberry spent 12 years in research, teaching, and extension at Iowa State University and Louisiana State University before moving into department-level administration for eight years at University of Idaho and University of Nebraska-Lincoln. She was appointed Dean of the College of Agriculture and Director of the Montana Experiment Station at Montana State University, where she served for four years. She then accepted the role of Dean of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Virginia Tech for an additional five and one-half years. In 2009, Quisenberry returned to Iowa State University—the location of her first academic position—as Vice President for Research and Economic Development, where she retired in 2013. Sharron Quisenberry, Delta Zeta sorority, junior, Northeast Missouri State University (now Truman State University), 1965. With a colleague, Quisenberry co-edited a seminal book on conservation of germplasm for insect resistance. She has published more than 100 refereed journal articles, books, and book chapters, and has three registered germplasm/cultivars. She has served on the National Academy of Sciences' Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, and was appointed by President George W. Bush to serve on the Board for International Food and Agriculture Development. Quisenberry is currently Professor … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif