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Background Inflammasome activation is increased in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH), but its relationship with coronary plaque is poorly understood in this setting. Methods In a large human immunodeficiency virus cardiovascular prevention cohort, relationships between caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18 and coronary plaque indices were assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Results Higher IL-18 and IL-1β were associated with Leaman score, an integrative measure of plaque burden and composition. Conclusions As Leaman score >5 is associated with cardiovascular events in the general population, future work is needed to determine how the inflammasome relates to events and whether strategies to reduce its activation affect events or plaque progression among PWH.

Background Many people at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) utilize the emergency department (ED) for evaluation and treatment of STI-related complaints. Syphilis testing rates in the ED have historically been low. Following the implementation of a joint ED and Infectious Disease (ID) multidisciplinary quality improvement initiative designed to increase syphilis testing in this setting, we sought to evaluate the demographics and clinical outcomes for patients diagnosed with early syphilis in the ED. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients with positive syphilis test results from ED encounters at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center East Hospital between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2021 was performed. Demographic and clinical information was obtained for patients diagnosed with early syphilis (primary, secondary or early latent syphilis). Results Since 2019, we have observed a significant increase early syphilis cases identified in our ED despite stable rates of testing (Figure 1). There were 55 cases of early syphilis, 3 with neurosyphilis (NS) at the time of diagnosis (Figure 2). Most cases were men (38/55; 69%), Black/African American (44/55; 80%), and symptomatic (48/55; 87%). Nine of 55 patients (16%) had HIV co-infection, 2 were new diagnoses at time of syphilis diagnosis. Most patients (44/55; 80%) completed appropriate treatment. Of the symptomatic patients, 17/45 (37%) received presumptive treatment in the ED (3 cases of NS excluded). Of those who received treatment after discharge from the ED, the median time to treatment completion was 3 days (range 0-30), with 11/24 (46%) returning to the ED for treatment. Figure 1.Figure 2. Conclusion As a result of a collaborative ED/ID STI testing initiative established at our institution, we have observed a significant increase in the number of symptomatic early syphilis cases identified in our ED between 2019 and 2021, with most patients completing treatment in a timely manner. This data show that the ED is an important and feasible setting for syphilis diagnosis and treatment when appropriate support systems are in place, including established communications with ID colleagues. Disclosures Carlos Malvestutto, MD MPH, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Viiv Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant Susan L. Koletar, MD, Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support.

Background ART-associated weight gain, metabolic disorders, and co-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease are challenges in long-term human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care. We explore the effects of different ART classes on lipids at The Ohio State University Medical Center Infectious Diseases Clinic. Methods This was a retrospective, cohort study of adult PWH on ART for ≥ 3 months seen at our clinic from 1/1/2015 to 1/1/2017. Patients with CD4+ count < 200 cells/mm3 and viral load >200 copies/mL, history of malignancy, or pregnancy were excluded. Lipid values were collected over the study period. The primary outcome was change in total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol over the study period. Multivariable regression was used to model these outcomes. Results Among 411 PWH who met criteria, 87.4% were male, and 43.3% had a baseline diagnosis of hyperlipidemia. 21.1% were on a protease inhibitor (PI), 45% were on a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), and 37% were on an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI). 70.1% were on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/ emtricitabine (FTC), 20.7% were on abacavir (ABC)/ lamivudine (3TC), and 4.4% were on TAF/FTC. The mean population (MP) difference in TC was -1.54 ± 1.34 mg/dL (p=0.25), the MP difference in non-HDL cholesterol was -1.78 ± 1.26 mg/dL (p=0.16), and the MP difference in HDL cholesterol was 0.24 ± 0.43 mg/dL (p=0.6). In multivariable linear regression models (Table 1), TAF/FTC was associated with a change of TC of 18.2 ± 6.4 mg/dL (P= 0.005), a change of non-HDL cholesterol of 12.0 ± 6.0 mg/dL (p=0.046), and a change of HDL cholesterol of 6.2 ± 2.1 mg/dL (p=0.003). These models included terms for months of follow up, male gender and baseline hyperlipidemia. Though race, diabetes mellitus, and ethnicity were not significant in the model, after adjustments for them, PWH on TAF/FTC showed a change of TC of 18.0 ± 6.4 mg/dL (p=0.005), a change of non-HDL cholesterol of 11.8 ± 6.0 mg/dL (P=0.051), and a change of HDL of 6.2 ± 2.1 (p=0.03). Multivariable Linear Regression Models for Change in Total Cholesterol and Non-HDL Cholesterol Conclusion Prior studies have shown an increase in lipid levels associated with TAF compared to TDF. This study shows that TAF is an independent risk factor for increased TC, non-HDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol in the PWH population as a whole. Disclosures Carlos Malvestutto, M.D., Lilly (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Regeneron Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator)ViiV Healthcare (Advisor or Review Panel member)

Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) disproportionally affect individuals living in underserved areas and Emergency Departments (ED) can play a major role in STI screening. Given the overlapping risk factors for STIs, patients screened for gonorrhea and chlamydia should also be screened for syphilis and HIV. Rates of syphilis/HIV screening in the ED are very low and barriers include lack of knowledge about the risk/prevalence, difficulty with results interpretation, and concerns about follow-up. Methods The main study objective was to improve rates of syphilis/HIV screening in a community-based ED in Columbus, OH. A team of clinical providers, case managers, and social workers was formed to address barriers to screening. Using root cause analysis and data feedback, a multistep intervention that included provider education along with expert review of syphilis/HIV results was implemented to ensure proper screening, treatment and rapid linkage to care. Syphilis/HIV screening rates in the ED were compared between two periods: 2012–2017 (pre-intervention) and November 2018–April 2019 (post-intervention). Results Between 2012 and 2017, there were 24,427 ED encounters where any STI test was ordered. There were 23,652 (97%) tests for chlamydia, 23,637 (97%) for gonorrhea, 254 (1%) for syphilis, and 466 (2%) for HIV. Twenty-four (0.1%) encounters had screening that included all four tests. Six months after starting the intervention, there were 1,590 encounters where any STI test was ordered. There were 1,444 (91%) tests for chlamydia, 1,446 (91%) for gonorrhea, 493 (31%) for syphilis and 591 (37%) for HIV. Four hundred thirty-eight (28%) of encounters had screening that included all four tests. Conclusion Collaborative and practical interventions aimed at improving syphilis/HIV testing have resulted in dramatic increases in syphilis, HIV, and comprehensive STI screening (31-, 19-, 280-fold, respectively) over a relatively short post-intervention period. Additional steps are planned with the goal to further increase screening rates and improve linkage to prevention and treatment programs. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.